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{{Construction}}
{{Construction}}


Marèngil is a constructed language inspired by both Elvish and Dwarvish, languages spoken by the elves and dwarves respectively in the fictional world of Middle Earth, invented by J. R. R. Tolkien. Thus, the language is spoken by an elf-like people, but of a more hardy stock, akin to the dwarves. The language is highly agglutinative in most modern forms and branches, though there are certain dialects which do not follow such rules. These are heavily influenced by other languages, however, and some state that they are not directly associated with Marêngil. Older root languages have little to no agglutination, with its two main root languages having no agglutination whatsoever.
Ataši is the language spoken by the Vekala, a humanoid, elf-like people who live in a mountainous, densely forested location. The evolution of the language is  


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


The phonetic inventory of Marêngil has grown dramatically since the evolution of [[Akaadi]], its main proto-language, resulting in a wide range of consonants and vowels. While most of the phonetic inventory comes from Akaadi, there are a significant differences between the two. [[Bôlzhèqa]], another language from the same world, introduced a number of new sounds, including lateral, uvular and dental consonants, as well as a variety of new vowel sounds.
The phonetic inventory of Marêngil has stayed relatively small in its evolution, Relying more on vowels to show phonetic distinctions. While most of the phonetic inventory comes from Akaadi, a few were adopted from other languages, such as the lateral approximant /l/.
 
===Consonants===
===Consonants===


{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 750px; text-align: center;"
{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan=10|'''Consonants'''
! colspan=9|'''Consonants'''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! rowspan=2|
! rowspan=2|Labial
! rowspan=2| Labial
! colspan=2|Alveolar
! colspan=2| Alveolar
! rowspan=2|Palatal
! rowspan=2| Alveolo-palatal
! rowspan=2|Velar
! rowspan=2| Velar
! rowspan=2|Uvular
! rowspan=2|Glottal
|-
|-
!<small>central</small>
! central
!<small>lateral</small>
! lateral
|-
|-
! rowspan=2|Plosive
! Plosive
!<small>Unaspirated</small>
|'''p''' /p/ '''b''' /b/
|'''p''' /p/ '''b''' /b/
|'''t''' /t/ '''d''' /d/
|'''t''' /t/ '''d''' /d/
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|
|
|'''k''' /k/ '''g''' /g/
|'''k''' /k/ '''g''' /g/
|
|
|-
!<small>Aspirated</small>
|'''p'''' /pʰ/ '''b'''' /bʰ/
|'''t'''' /tʰ/ '''d'''' /dʰ/
|
|
|'''k'''' /kʰ/ '''g'''' /gʰ/
|'''q''' /qʰ/
|
|-
|-
! colspan=2|Fricative
! Fricative
|'''f''' /f/ '''v''' /v/
|'''f''' /f/ '''v''' /v/
|'''s''' /s/ '''z''' /z/
|'''s''' /s/ '''z''' /z/
|'''lh''' /ɬ/
|'''l''' /ɬ/
|'''sh''' /ç/ '''zh''' /ʝ/
|'''š''' /ɕ/ '''ž''' /ʑ/
|'''kh''' /x/ '''rh''' /ɣ/
|'''x''' /x/ '''ŕ''' /ɣ/
|'''qh''' /χ/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! colspan=2|Affricate
! Affricate
|
|'''c''' /t͡s/
|'''tl''' /t͡ɬ/
|'''ch''' /t͡ɕ/ '''jh''' /d͡ʑ/
|
|
|'''ś''' /t͡s/ '''ź''' /d͡z/
|
|
|'''č''' /t͡ɕ/ '''ř''' /d͡ʑ/
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan=2|Nasal
! Nasal
|'''m''' /m/
|'''m''' /m/
|'''n''' /n/
|'''n''' /n/
|
|
|'''nn''' /ɲ/
|'''ń''' /ɲ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan=2|Liquid
! Liquid
|
|
|'''r''' /r/
|'''r''' /r/
|'''l''' /l/
|
|'''j''' /j/
|'''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|-
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
There are two vowel tones, low and high. Low is represented by a grave (`) over the vowel, and high is represented by an acute (´).


{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4|'''Vowels'''
! colspan=5|'''Vowels'''
|-
! rowspan=2|
! rowspan=2| Front
! rowspan=2| Middle
! colspan=2| Back
|-
|-
!
! unrounded
! Front
! rounded
! Middle
! Back
|-
|-
! Close
! Close
|'''i''' /i/ '''ï''' /i:/
|'''i''' /i/
|
|
|'''u''' /u/ '''ü''' /u:/
|'''w''' /ɯ/
|'''u''' /u/  
|-
|-
! Near-close
! Near-close
|'''ì''' /ɪ/
| /ɪ/
|
| '''û''' /ʊ/
|
|
|'''ù''' /ʊ/
|-
|-
! Close-mid
! Close-mid
|'''à''' /e/ '''ë''' /e:/
|
|'''è''' /ə/
| /ə/
|'''o''' /o/ '''ö''' /o:/
|
|'''o''' /o/
|-
|-
! Open-mid
! Open-mid
|'''e''' /ɛ/
|'''e''' /ɛ/
|
| /ʌ/
|
|
|'''ò''' /ʌ/
|-
|-
! Open
! Open
|'''â''' /æ/
|'''a''' /a/
|
|
|'''a''' /a/ '''ä''' /a:/
|}
===Diphthongs===
{|class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 120px; text-align: center;"
! colspan=3| Diphthongs
|-
! IPA
! Marêngil
! Form
|-
| aɪ
| aj
| Falling
|-
| eɪ
| ej
| Falling
|-
| oɪ
| oj
| Falling
|-
| ʊɪ
| uj
| Rising
|-
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! Class III
! Class III
| -q
| -k'
| -boq
| -bok'
| -jog'
| -jog'
|-
|-
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{|class="redtable lightredbg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
{|class="redtable lightredbg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4| Fixed Physical Postpositions
! colspan=4| Physical Postpositions
|-
|-
! rowspan=2|Position
! rowspan=2|Position
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|-
|-
! Just inside
! Just inside
| -qep
| -qep'
| -qup
| -qup'
| -qib
| -qib'
|-
|-
! Far inside
! Far inside
| -qëp
| -qëp'
| -qüp
| -qüp'
| -qïb
| -qïb'
|-
|-
! Just outside
! Just outside
| -elet
| -elet'
| -elut
| -elut'
| -elid
| -elid'
|-
|-
! Far outside
! Far outside
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|-
|-
! Just below
! Just below
| -lhek
| -lhek'
| -lhuk
| -lhuk'
| -lhig
| -lhig'
|-
|-
! Far below
! Far below
| -tlek
| -tlek'
| -tluk
| -tluk'
| -lhïg
| -lhïg'
|-
|-
! Just in front of
! Just in front of
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|-
|-
! Just before
! Just before
| -zhlex
| -zhlekh
| -zhlux
| -zhlukh
| -zhlix
| -zhlikh
|-
|-
! Far before
! Far before
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| -zhlï
| -zhlï
|-
|-
! Soon after
! Just after
| -për
| -për
| -pür
| -pür
| -pïr
| -pïr
|-
|-
! Long after
! Far after
| -pere
| -pere
| -puru
| -puru
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| -bür
| -bür
| -bïr
| -bïr
|-
|}
{|class="redtable lightredbg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=4| Moving Physical Postpositions
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{|class="redtable lightredbg" style="width: 300px; text-align: center;"
{|class="redtable lightredbg" style="width: 300px; text-align: center;"
! colspan=4| Fixed Temporal Postpositions
! colspan=4| Temporal Postpositions
|-
|-
! rowspan=2|Position
! rowspan=2|Position
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|-
|-
! During
! During
|
| -èka
|
| -èku
|
| -èki
|-
|-
! Long before
! Long before
|
| -klà
|
| -akul
|
| -akil
|-
|-
! Just before
! Just before
|
| -aj
|
| -uj
|
| -ij
|-
|-
! Long after
! Long after
|
| -ba
|
| -bu
|
| -bi
|-
|-
! Just after
! Just after
|
| -isha
|
| -ishu
|
| -ishi
|-
 
!
|
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
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====Tense and Aspect====
====Tense and Aspect====


Tense and aspect are directly reliant on one another in Marêngil, which is why they are combined. The infinitive verb form ends in "-k'", which is used for both the present infinitive and imperfective.
Tense and aspect are directly reliant on one another in Marêngil, which is why they are combined. The infinitive verb form ends in "-k'", which is used for both the present infinitive and imperfective. The general past tense is usually shown with an ending of "a", while the near and far past are shown with endings of "-aj" and "-ak" respectively.


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
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| -ka
| -ka
| -kaj
| -kaj
| -kal
| -ka
| -sh
| -sh
| -lèsh
| -b
|-
|-
! Imperfective
! Imperfective
| -sa
| -sa
| -skaj
| -skaj
| -skal
| -ska
| -shi
| -shi
| -lash
| -ba
|-
|-
! Perfective
! Perfective
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| -kla
| -kla
| -shil
| -shil
| -lish
| -bali
|-
|-
! Hypothetical
! Hypothetical
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| -lhä
| -lhä
| -ät
| -ät
| -ach
| -bat
|-
|-
! Conditional
! Conditional
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====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====


Conjugation appears on the beginning of a word, like Case, and is more or less simply pronouns, sometimes in an altered form, which have been suffixed on. Standalone pronouns no longer exist in Marêngil. Note that there is a "Fourth person" conjugation, which is essentially a vague set of pronouns which can refer to anyone without any presuppositions being made as to conditional information. A similar thing in English occurs, though somewhat infrequently, in saying, "''one'' does not usually...". The fourth person is also often used as a demonstrative pronoun, such as "this" or "that", however, no distinction is made between the two.
Conjugation appears on the beginning of a word, like Case, and is more or less simply pronouns, sometimes in an altered form, which have been suffixed on. Standalone pronouns in the nominative case no longer exist in Marêngil, though they do appear for other cases. Note that there is a "Fourth person" conjugation, which is essentially a vague set of pronouns which can refer to anyone without any presuppositions being made as to conditional information. A similar thing in English occurs, though somewhat infrequently, in saying, "''one'' does not usually...". The fourth person is also often used as a demonstrative pronoun, such as "this" or "that", however, no distinction is made between the two. A further complication of the 4th person is that it is used for when the source of the verb is unknown, similar to the passive voice in English, however, valency has fallen out of use in modern Marêngil.


{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:500px; text-align:center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:350px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=8|Chart I
! colspan=8|Chart I
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| NOMINATIVE
! NOMINATIVE
! colspan=2| Singular
! Singular
! colspan=2| Paucal  
! Paucal  
! colspan=2| Plural  
! Plural  
|-
! Pers.
! Poss.
! Pers.
! Poss.
! Pers.
! Poss.
|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| j-
| j-
| m-
| bj-
| bj-
| mik-
| ak-
| ak-
| mak-
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
| b-
| b-
| bl-
| bv-
| bv-
| miv-
| av-
| av-
| mav-
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| l-
| l-
| ml-
| br-
| br-
| mil-
| al-
| al-
| mal-
|-
|-
! 4th Person
! 4th Person
| t-
| t-
| tl-
| ft-
| ft-
| til-
| at-
| at-
| mat-
|-
|}
 
 
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:350px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=8|Chart II
|-
! ACCUSATIVE/DATIVE
! Singular
! Paucal
! Plural
|-
! 1st Person
| ja
| baj
| ak
|-
! 2nd Person
| ba
| bav
| av
|-
! 3rd Person
| li
| bor
| al
|-
! 4th Person
| ti
| fat
| at
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:500px; text-align:center;"
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:500px; text-align:center;"
! colspan=8|Chart II
! colspan=10|Chart III
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| ACCUSATIVE
! rowspan=2| GENITIVE
! colspan=2| Singular
! colspan=3| Singular
! colspan=2| Paucal  
! colspan=3| Paucal  
! colspan=2| Plural  
! colspan=3| Plural  
|-
|-
! Pers.
! Total
! Poss.
! Partial
! Pers.
! Non
! Poss.
! Total
! Pers.
! Partial
! Poss.
! Non
! Total
! Partial
! Non
|-
|-
! 1st Person
! 1st Person
| m-
|
|
| mik-
|
|
| mak-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! 2nd Person
! 2nd Person
|  
| bl-
|  
|
|
| miv-
|
|
| mav-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! 3rd Person
! 3rd Person
| ml-
|  
|  
|  
|  
| mil-
|
|
|
| mal-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! 4th Person
! 4th Person
| tl-
|
|  
|  
| til-
|
|
|
|
| tal-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 679: Line 655:


Irregularity occurs when the spelling of a verb in the infinitive form becomes inconvenient to pronounce the same way when conjugated. This irregularity takes a few different forms which are explained below. It is important to note that verbs that begin with a single phoneme are never under any circumstances irregular. However, verbs that begin with a consonant cluster or a vowel often are changed in conjugation.
Irregularity occurs when the spelling of a verb in the infinitive form becomes inconvenient to pronounce the same way when conjugated. This irregularity takes a few different forms which are explained below. It is important to note that verbs that begin with a single phoneme are never under any circumstances irregular. However, verbs that begin with a consonant cluster or a vowel often are changed in conjugation.
====Valency====
There is no valency markings in Marêngil. There is also no real passive voice, although a certain change does occur in such circumstances. Instead of flipping the object and subject, as in English, instead the verb is marked in the 4th person to demonstrate that the source of the verb is unspecified.


====Copulas====
====Copulas====
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