Germian: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = | |image = File:Germian Flag.png | ||
|imagesize = 185px | |imagesize = 185px | ||
|imagecaption = The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags. | |imagecaption = The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags. The crossing represents the intertwining of languages. | ||
|name = Germian | |name = Germian | ||
|nativename = Germic | |nativename = Germic | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
|created = 2022 | |created = 2022 | ||
|setting = [[Germanic languages]] | |setting = [[Germanic languages]] | ||
|states = Anyone | |||
|fam1 = Indo-European | |fam1 = Indo-European | ||
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | |fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | ||
|fam3 = [[w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germic]] | |fam3 = [[w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germic]] | ||
|CLCR = - | |CLCR = - | ||
|creator = Jeppesper | |creator = User:Jeppesper | ||
|script1 = Latn | |script1 = Latn | ||
|notice = IPA | |notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{private}} | |||
Germian ('''Germic''' IPA: '''/germiʃ/''') is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022 | Germian ('''Germic''' IPA: '''/germiʃ/''') is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022, ''germ'' stands for it being based of off Germanic languages. It could be thought of as a conditioned language since it is constructed to be regular, simple, recognizable and to lack grammatical gender and gender differentiation of nouns/pronouns. The conlang is mainly based on English, German, Dutch and Swedish, but it has to smaller extends also been influenced by Afrikaans, Danish, Norwegian, Yiddish, West-frisian, Luxembourgish and Icelandic. | ||
==Qualities== | ==Qualities== | ||
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{| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 490px; text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 490px; text-align:center;" | ||
! scope="row" |'''100%''' | ! scope="row" |'''100%''' | ||
|''' | |'''Phonemic orthography''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |'''100%''' | ! scope="row" |'''100%''' | ||
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|'''Consistent verb conjugations''' | |'''Consistent verb conjugations''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |''' | ! scope="row" |'''0%''' | ||
|''' | |'''Noun/Pronoun gender differentiation''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |'''+''' | ! scope="row" |'''+''' | ||
|''' | |'''Swadesh inclusive''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |'''+''' | ! scope="row" |'''+''' | ||
|''' | |'''GSRD inclusive''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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|'''Yy''' | |'''Yy''' | ||
|'''Zz''' | |'''Zz''' | ||
|- | |||
! scope="row" |Braille | |||
|'''⠠⠁ ⠁''' | |||
|'''⠠⠃ ⠃''' | |||
|'''⠠⠉ ⠉''' | |||
|'''⠠⠋ ⠋''' | |||
|'''⠠⠑ ⠑''' | |||
|'''⠠⠋ ⠋''' | |||
|'''⠠⠛ ⠛''' | |||
|'''⠠⠓ ⠓''' | |||
|'''⠠⠊ ⠊''' | |||
|'''⠠⠚ ⠚''' | |||
|'''⠠⠨ ⠨''' | |||
|'''⠠⠸ ⠸''' | |||
|'''⠠⠍ ⠍''' | |||
|'''⠠⠝ ⠝''' | |||
|'''⠠⠕ ⠕''' | |||
|'''⠠⠏ ⠏''' | |||
|'''⠠⠟ ⠟''' | |||
|'''⠠⠗ ⠗''' | |||
|'''⠠⠎ ⠎''' | |||
|'''⠠⠞ ⠞''' | |||
|'''⠠⠥ ⠥''' | |||
|'''⠠⠧ ⠧''' | |||
|'''⠠⠺ ⠺''' | |||
|'''⠠⠭ ⠭''' | |||
|'''⠠⠽ ⠽''' | |||
|'''⠠⠮ ⠮''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |Sound | ! scope="row" |Sound | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Name | !Name | ||
| | |lang a | ||
| | |lang e | ||
| | |lang i | ||
| | |lang o | ||
| | |lang u | ||
| | |lang y | ||
|/ɛŋ/ | |/ɛŋ/ | ||
|/a͡ɪ/ | |/a͡ɪ/ | ||
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|/a͡ʊ/ | |/a͡ʊ/ | ||
|/ɔ͡ʊ/ | |/ɔ͡ʊ/ | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Translitteration of foreign letters/sounds=== | |||
{| class="wikitable article-table" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 900px; text-align:center;" | |||
! scope="row" |Foreign letters | |||
|'''Ðð''' | |||
|'''Þþ''' | |||
|'''Åå''' | |||
|'''Ææ Ää''' | |||
|'''Öö Øø''' | |||
|'''Üü''' | |||
|'''ẞß''' | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" |Foreign sounds | |||
|/ð/ | |||
|/θ/ | |||
|/o/ | |||
|/æ/ | |||
|/œ/ /ø/ | |||
|/ɵ/ /ʉ/ | |||
|/s/ | |||
|- | |||
!Germian translitteration | |||
|dh | |||
|th | |||
|ao | |||
|ae | |||
|oe | |||
|ue | |||
|ss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
*Note: These phonotactics may vary for loan words and words with foreign letter/sound translitterations. | |||
1. There are no silent letters. | |||
2. There is no phonemic reduced vowel sound like English's /ə/. | |||
3. Multiple consonants, vowels and diphthong combinations interact as follows: | |||
'''Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:''' | '''Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:''' | ||
<small>'''Example:''' bb = /b.b/</small> | <small>'''Example:''' bb = /b.b/</small> | ||
'''Vowels following each other that are not part of a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are <u>not</u> pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:''' | |||
<small>'''Example:''' ia = /ɪa/ | |||
'''Example:''' iea = /ɪɛa/ | |||
'''Example:''' aioe = /a͡ɪ.ɔɛ/ | |||
</small> | |||
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<small>'''Example:''' aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/ | <small>'''Example:''' aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/ | ||
'''<u>Not like:</u>''' aii = /a.iː/ | |||
'''Example:''' eei = /eː.ɪ/ | '''Example:''' eei = /eː.ɪ/ | ||
'''<u>Not like:</u>''' eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/</small> | '''<u>Not like:</u>''' eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/</small> | ||
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'''Example:''' aaa = /ɑː.a/</small> | '''Example:''' aaa = /ɑː.a/</small> | ||
==Grammar== | |||
===Syntax=== | |||
Germian syntax follows a '''SVO''' (subject–verb–object) word order. | |||
''' | '''Descriptive examples:''' | ||
<small>'''Example:''' | <small>'''Example:''' Jaik<sup>1</sup> hav<sup>2</sup> ain<sup>3</sup> kat<sup>4</sup>. ⇄ I<sup>1</sup> have<sup>2</sup> a<sup>3</sup> cat<sup>4</sup>. | ||
'''Example:''' | '''Example:''' Jaik<sup>1</sup> siien<sup>4</sup> nite<sup>3</sup> et<sup>5</sup>. ⇄ I<sup>1</sup> do<sup>2</sup> not<sup>3</sup> see<sup>4</sup> it<sup>5</sup>. | ||
'''Example:''' | '''Example:''' Ain<sup>1</sup> roud<sup>2</sup> rous<sup>3</sup>. ⇄ A<sup>1</sup> red<sup>2</sup> rose<sup>3</sup>. | ||
</small> | </small> | ||
<sup>'''Example:''' Vat<sup>1</sup> wilte<sup>4</sup> duu<sup>3</sup> dun<sup>5 6</sup>? ⇄ What<sup>1</sup> do<sup>2</sup> you<sup>3</sup> want<sup>4</sup> to<sup>5</sup> do<sup>6</sup>?</sup> | |||
< | |||
'''Example:''' | <sup>'''Example:''' Vii<sup>1</sup> brauke<sup>2</sup> gouen<sup>3</sup> in<sup>4</sup> de<sup>5</sup> morgen<sup>6</sup>. ⇄ We<sup>1</sup> usually<sup>2</sup> walk<sup>3</sup> in<sup>4</sup> the<sup>5</sup> morning<sup>6</sup>.</sup> | ||
'''Example:''' | <sup>'''Example:''' Siien<sup>4</sup> du<sup>2</sup> et<sup>5</sup> nite<sup>3</sup>? ⇄ Do<sup>1</sup> you (s.)<sup>2</sup> not<sup>3</sup> see<sup>4</sup> it<sup>5</sup>?</sup> | ||
</ | |||
===Noun declenations=== | ===Noun declenations=== | ||
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! style="width: 90px; " |Plural | ! style="width: 90px; " |Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Nominative | !Nominative-Definite | ||
|de kat | |de kat | ||
|de kat'''es''' | |de kat'''es''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Nominative | !Nominative-Indefinite | ||
|ain kat | |ain kat | ||
|(vleere) kat'''es''' | |(vleere) kat'''es''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Possessive-Definite | ||
|de kat'''ese''' | |de kat'''ese''' | ||
|de kat'''eses''' | |de kat'''eses''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Possessive-Indefinite | ||
|ain kat'''ese''' | |ain kat'''ese''' | ||
|(vleere) kat'''eses''' | |(vleere) kat'''eses''' | ||
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=====Vocabulary===== | =====Vocabulary===== | ||
<sup>ain ⇄ a, an (singular indefinite article)</sup> | |||
<sup>de ⇄ the (definite article)</sup> | |||
<sup>kat ⇄ cat</sup> | |||
<sup>vleere ⇄ several (plural indefinite "article")</sup> | |||
=====Noun affixes===== | |||
-'''er''' ⇄ (making-subject e.g. English's employ'''er''') | |||
-'''iie''' ⇄ (making-object e.g. English's employ'''ee''') | |||
-'''ing''' ⇄ (state/condition e.g. English's child'''hood''') | |||
===Verb conjugations=== | ===Verb conjugations=== | ||
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|sain ⇄ am/is/are | |sain ⇄ am/is/are | ||
|sain'''e''' ⇄ being | |sain'''e''' ⇄ being | ||
|'''ha'''sain ⇄ have/has been | |'''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ have/has been | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|sain'''d''' ⇄ was/were | |sain'''d''' ⇄ was/were | ||
|sain'''de''' ⇄ was/were being | |sain'''de''' ⇄ was/were being | ||
|'''had'''sain ⇄ had been | |'''had'''sain'''en''' ⇄ had been | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|'''vil''' sain ⇄ will be | |'''vil''' sain ⇄ will be | ||
|'''vil''' sain'''e''' ⇄ will become | |'''vil''' sain'''e''' ⇄ will become | ||
|'''vil''' '''ha'''sain ⇄ will have been | |'''vil''' '''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ will have been | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''sain ⇄ would have been | |'''skalde''' '''ha'''sain'''en''' ⇄ would have been | ||
|'''skalde''' sain ⇄ would be | |'''skalde''' sain ⇄ would be | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|dun ⇄ do | |dun ⇄ do | ||
|dun'''e''' ⇄ doing | |dun'''e''' ⇄ doing | ||
|'''ha'''dun ⇄ have/has done | |'''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ have/has done | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|dun'''d''' ⇄ did | |dun'''d''' ⇄ did | ||
|dun'''de''' ⇄ was/were doing | |dun'''de''' ⇄ was/were doing | ||
|'''had'''dun ⇄ had done | |'''had'''dun'''en''' ⇄ had done | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|'''vil''' dun ⇄ will do | |'''vil''' dun ⇄ will do | ||
|'''vil''' dun'''e''' ⇄ will be doing | |'''vil''' dun'''e''' ⇄ will be doing | ||
|'''vil''' '''ha'''dun ⇄ will have done | |'''vil''' '''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ will have done | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''dun ⇄ would have done | |'''skalde''' '''ha'''dun'''en''' ⇄ would have done | ||
|'''skalde''' dun ⇄ would do | |'''skalde''' dun ⇄ would do | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|hav ⇄ have | |hav ⇄ have | ||
|hav'''e''' ⇄ having | |hav'''e''' ⇄ having | ||
|'''ha'''hav ⇄ have/has had | |'''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ have/has had | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|hav'''d''' ⇄ had | |hav'''d''' ⇄ had | ||
|hav'''de''' ⇄ was/were having | |hav'''de''' ⇄ was/were having | ||
|'''had'''hav ⇄ had had | |'''had'''hav'''en''' ⇄ had had | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|'''vil''' hav ⇄ will have | |'''vil''' hav ⇄ will have | ||
|'''vil''' hav'''e''' ⇄ will be having | |'''vil''' hav'''e''' ⇄ will be having | ||
|'''vil''' '''ha'''hav ⇄ will have had | |'''vil''' '''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ will have had | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|'''skalde''' '''ha'''hav ⇄ would have had | |'''skalde''' '''ha'''hav'''en''' ⇄ would have had | ||
|'''skalde''' hav ⇄ would have | |'''skalde''' hav ⇄ would have | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Verb | =====Modal auxiliary verbs===== | ||
berhauce ⇄ need | |||
brauke ⇄ <span lang="sv" dir="ltr">brukar</span>, usually do | |||
burt ⇄ ought | |||
durfo ⇄ may, to be permitted to, to be allowed to, <span lang="de" dir="ltr">dürf</span>, <span lang="sv" dir="ltr">få</span> | |||
kan ⇄ can, to be able | |||
kaunde ⇄ could | |||
moug ⇄ might | |||
must ⇄ must | |||
skal ⇄ shall | |||
skalde ⇄ would | |||
taure ⇄ dare | |||
vil ⇄ will, going to | |||
wilte ⇄ want | |||
=====Verb affixes===== | |||
-'''en''' ⇄ (making-verb) | -'''en''' ⇄ (making-verb) | ||
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|vit'''e''' ⇄ whitening | |vit'''e''' ⇄ whitening | ||
|vit'''en''' de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth | |vit'''en''' de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth | ||
|de vit'''e''' | |de vit'''e''' faun de tands ⇄ the whitening of the teeth | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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'''un'''- ⇄ (deprive) | '''un'''- ⇄ (deprive) | ||
'''ike | '''ike'''- ⇄ (negate) | ||
{| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 550px; text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 550px; text-align:center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Adjective comparison=== | ===Adjective comparison=== | ||
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=====Vocabulary===== | =====Vocabulary===== | ||
<sup>dan ⇄ than</sup> | |||
<sup>dat ⇄ that</sup> | |||
<sup>de ⇄ the</sup> | |||
<sup>et ⇄ it</sup> | |||
<sup>fiil ⇄ many, much, a lot</sup> | |||
<sup>groos ⇄ big</sup> | |||
<sup>hav ⇄ have</sup> | |||
<sup>jaik ⇄ I</sup> | |||
<sup>klain ⇄ small</sup> | |||
<sup>klim ⇄ little | |||
</sup> | |||
<sup>meer ⇄ even more, additional</sup> | |||
<sup>sain ⇄ am/is/are</sup> | |||
<sup>vleere ⇄ several</sup> | |||
<sup>wilte ⇄ want</sup> | |||
=====Adjective | =====Adjective affix===== | ||
-'''ic''' ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of) | -'''ic''' ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!'''3rd person''' | !'''3rd person''' | ||
|xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./former. standard) | |xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./s. former./standard) | ||
diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./post-former.) | diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./s. post-former.) | ||
et ⇄ it | et ⇄ it | ||
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deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.) | deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''Generic''' | ||
|eim ⇄ one | |eim ⇄ one | ||
|eimse ⇄ one's | |eimse ⇄ one's | ||
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===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" | 1. Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" to a number. | ||
2. Spaces are used to group digits in numerals e.g. 20 000. | |||
3. Fractions are marked by adding the suffix "-deil" (deil ⇄ part, piece) to a number (exeption for "helft ⇄ half"). | |||
4. The comma is used as the decimal separator. | |||
===Capitalization=== | ===Capitalization=== | ||
Capital letters are used for the first word of a sentence and for proper nouns. | Capital letters are used for the first word of a sentence and for proper nouns. | ||
The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, titles and organization names. | The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, marketed titles and organization names. | ||
===Punctuation=== | |||
'''Apostrophe''' | |||
The apostrophe ( ’, ' ), is used to mark letters omitted in contractions. | |||
'''Brackets''' | |||
Brackets ( [...], (...), {...}, ⟨...⟩ ), are used for parenthesis, explanation or comment. | |||
Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the brackets when they apply only to the explanation or comment; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing the material, they are placed outside the marks. | |||
'''Colon''' | |||
The colon ( : ) is used to start an enumeration and it is used between two clauses when the second clause otherwise clarifies the first. | |||
'''Comma''' | |||
The comma ( , ) is used to disambiguate the meaning of sentences, by providing boundaries between clauses and phrases. | |||
The comma is also used as the decimal separator. | |||
'''Dash and hyphen''' | |||
'''The (en-) dash (–) is used:''' | |||
1. as a replacement for a comma, when the subsequent clause significantly shifts the primary focus of the preceding text. | |||
2. to indicate spans or differentiation, where it may replace "and", "to", or "through" e.g. numbers "1–10", and cross countries "US–Canada". | |||
3. to mark someone speaking. | |||
4. to mark the one who said something. | |||
'''The hyphen/hyphen-minus ( ‐ ) is used:''' | |||
1. as a line continuation when a word is broken across two lines. | |||
2. to apply a prefix to a word for which there is no canonical compound word; | |||
'''Ellipsis''' | |||
An ellipsis ( ..., …, . . .) is used to mark omitted text or when a sentence trails off. | |||
'''Exclamation mark''' | |||
The exclamation mark ( ! ) is used to mark an exclamation. | |||
'''Period/full stop/full point''' | |||
The character known as the period/full stop/full point ( . ) serves multiple purposes. It is used to mark the end of a sentence, to indicate abbreviation, including of names as initials, as well as a separation marker when listing things with numbers e.g. "1. 2. 3.". | |||
'''Question mark''' | |||
The question mark ( ? ) is used to mark the end of a sentence which is a question. | |||
'''Quotation marks''' | |||
Quotation marks ( ‘...’, “...”, '...', "..." ) are used in pairs to set off quotation, with two levels for distinguishing nested quotations: single and double. Germian texts favours double quotation marks for the primary quotation. | |||
Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the quotation marks when they apply only to the quoted material; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing or introducing the material, they are placed outside the marks. | |||
'''Semicolon''' | |||
The semicolon ( ; ) is used to separate two independent but related clauses. The semicolon is also used to separate list items when the list items contain commas. | |||
'''Slash''' | |||
The slash ( / ) is often used to indicate alternatives or two equivalent meanings or spellings. The slash can also be used in certain set phrases. | |||
===Abbreviations=== | |||
Acronyms (initials for a phrase) and abbreviations are used in written Germian. They can be written in all caps, lowercase, title form and with periods. | |||
==Word creation== | |||
A word in Germian is created by looking at the equivalent words for it in English, German, Dutch and Swedish to then find the most prominant phonological features within these equivalent words. Then these features are used to create a word in accordance to germian phonology and orthography. Sometimes it is clear that these languages' equivalent words are very much the same and can be translated very phonologically e.g. through cat /kæt/ in English, Katze /katzɛ | |||
/ in German, kat /kat/ in Dutch and katt /kat/ in Swedish, it becomes kat /kat/ in Germian. Sometimes there are more significant differences between words of the Germanic languages, but if they work well together they can just be merged together. When there are bigger differences between words of the four Germanic languages that can't be merged, then one can look at the word in other Germanic languages to even it out. | |||
When words in the Germanic languages have differences that don't interact well, or when one just has an idea of an interesting sounding variation of the word that fits, then creative liberty can be pursued. | |||
Sometimes there are many words for the same thing in a language, and for diversity's sake, many of them can have a Germian equivalent e.g. "cau" and "halo" from German's "ciao" and "hallo", "dae" from Dutch's "dag", "hei" from Swedish's "hej", "guutein" from English's "have a good one", and then Germian's exclusive "hae". | |||
Sometimes there are strong similarities for a word within two of the four Germanic languages and between the other two Germanic languages but not between all four. Then both pairs get a Germian equivalent but with slightly different meanings e.g. German's "farb" with Swedish's "färg" made the Germian word "farb" (paint), and English's "color" with Dutch's "kleur" made the Germian word "kolur" (color). | |||
====Compound words==== | |||
When creating a Germian compound word one ought to look at each of the 4 Germanic languages' equivalent words to decide how it will be formed. There are 3 types of compound words in Germian: | |||
''Closed compound words'' | |||
''Example:'' apel + juus = apeljuus ⇄ applejuice | |||
''Example:'' hamburger + brout = hamburgerbrout ⇄ hamburger bun, hamburger bread | |||
''Open compound words'' | |||
Many open compound words function as nouns and are formed by combining a noun with another noun or with an adjective. | |||
''Example:'' video speil ⇄ video game | |||
''Example:'' ful moon ⇄ full moon | |||
''Hyphenated compound words'' | |||
Hyphens are often used when a compound modifies a noun or verb. | |||
''Example:'' CD + - + caifa = CD-caifa ⇄ CD-disc | |||
''Example:'' maind + - + blasperen = maind-blasperen ⇄ mind-blowing | |||
====Loan words==== | |||
Words from any other language that is getting a Germian equivalent will have to adapt the word to Germian phonology and orthography: | |||
''Example:'' déjà vu ⇄ deica vue | |||
Words in the four Germanic languages of which the conlang is based on (English, German, Dutch and Swedish) that are loan words will be treated as any other word: | |||
''Example:'' sushi ⇄ suci | |||
''Example:'' motto ⇄ moto | |||
''Example:'' niche ⇄ niic | |||
Sometimes Germian will loan words directly from one of the four Germanic languages. | |||
''Example:'' Wi-Fi ⇄ Wi-Fi | |||
''Example:'' internet ⇄ internet | |||
====Countries & languages==== | |||
Creating words for country/region and language names is done through adapting the most standard and prominent endonymic name phonologically to Germian phonology and orthography e.g. Sverige /svɛrjɛ/ (Sweden) ⇄ Sverje. For languages the suffix "-ic" is added e.g. svenska /svɛnska/ (Swedish) ⇄ svenskaic | |||
Words that are added to indicate specifics like "North" America, "South" America, "West" Frisian and names alike are to be translated to Germian and then added to the country/region or language name accordingly and as a closed compound word e.g. Nordamerika, Saudamerika, Vestfriskic. | |||
==Dictionary== | ==Dictionary== | ||
| Line 1,078: | Line 999: | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is... || jaik ⇄ I || heiten ⇄ to be | | Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is... || jaik ⇄ I || heiten ⇄ to be named, <span lang="de" dir="ltr">heiße</span>, <span lang="ne" dir="ltr">heet</span>, <span lang="sv" dir="ltr">heter</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name? || name ⇄ name || Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak... | | Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name? || name ⇄ name || Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak... | ||
| Line 1,084: | Line 1,005: | ||
| Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak... || Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand. || Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet? | | Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak... || Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand. || Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it? | | Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it? How is it going? || Sain duu okee/ok? ⇄ Are you okay? || Sain et okee/ok? ⇄ Is it going okay? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok || jaa ⇄ yes || nei ⇄ no | | okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok || jaa ⇄ yes || nei ⇄ no | ||
| Line 1,090: | Line 1,011: | ||
| njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well || jee ⇄ yeah || naa ⇄ nah | | njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well || jee ⇄ yeah || naa ⇄ nah | ||
|- | |- | ||
| maince ⇄ maybe || | | maince ⇄ maybe || natuuric ⇄ of course || kain problem ⇄ no problem | ||
|- | |- | ||
| antswer ⇄ answer || genau | | antswer ⇄ answer || genau, exakt, presiic, korekt, ret ⇄ exactly, precisely, correct, right || inkorekt, falc ⇄ incorrect, false/wrong | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tangke ⇄ thanks || tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you || fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much | | tangke ⇄ thanks || tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you || fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much | ||
| Line 1,100: | Line 1,021: | ||
| sori ⇄ sorry || sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this || pardon ⇄ excuse me | | sori ⇄ sorry || sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this || pardon ⇄ excuse me | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | spliise ⇄ please || ckol ⇄ cheers || grelsing ⇄ greeting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| haloo ⇄ hello || hae ⇄ hi || hei ⇄ hey | | haloo ⇄ hello || hae ⇄ hi || hei ⇄ hey | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dae ⇄ good day/bye/dag | | dae ⇄ good day/bye/<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">dag</span> || guutein ⇄ have a good one/goodbye || cau ⇄ bye | ||
|- | |- | ||
| adjoo ⇄ adieu || ferwel ⇄ farewell || sees vii ⇄ see you/see you later | | adjoo ⇄ adieu || ferwel ⇄ farewell || sees vii ⇄ see us: see you/see you later | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome || moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome || guut morgen ⇄ good morning | | wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome || moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome || guut morgen ⇄ good morning | ||
| Line 1,124: | Line 1,045: | ||
# they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin | # they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin | ||
# they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin | # they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin | ||
# it ⇄ et | |||
# they (plural) ⇄ dei | # they (plural) ⇄ dei | ||
# this ⇄ dit | # this ⇄ dit | ||
| Line 1,132: | Line 1,054: | ||
# whose ⇄ viis | # whose ⇄ viis | ||
# what ⇄ vat | # what ⇄ vat | ||
# why ⇄ vatfuur | |||
# which ⇄ velke | # which ⇄ velke | ||
# where ⇄ veir | # where ⇄ veir | ||
# when ⇄ van | # when ⇄ van | ||
# how ⇄ vur | # how ⇄ vur | ||
# what kind of | # what kind of, what something's like ⇄ vurvat | ||
# not ⇄ nite | # not ⇄ nite | ||
# all ⇄ al | # all ⇄ al | ||
| Line 1,162: | Line 1,084: | ||
# female ⇄ femlin | # female ⇄ femlin | ||
# male ⇄ manske | # male ⇄ manske | ||
# hermaphrodite ⇄ herm | |||
# androgyne ⇄ wenle | # androgyne ⇄ wenle | ||
# gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon) | # gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon) | ||
| Line 1,169: | Line 1,092: | ||
# endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon) | # endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon) | ||
# trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon) | # trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon) | ||
# diverse/ | # diverse/variated/queer ⇄ veirai | ||
# human ⇄ huumas | # human ⇄ huumas | ||
# child | # child, youngling ⇄ kind | ||
# child | # child, progeny ⇄ cinder | ||
# | # spouse, martial partner ⇄ jaing | ||
# parent ⇄ | # parent ⇄ elter | ||
# animal ⇄ diir | # animal ⇄ diir | ||
# fish ⇄ fic | # fish ⇄ fic | ||
| Line 1,202: | Line 1,125: | ||
# blood ⇄ blut | # blood ⇄ blut | ||
# bone ⇄ boun | # bone ⇄ boun | ||
# cartilage ⇄ brosk | |||
# fat (noun) ⇄ feit | # fat (noun) ⇄ feit | ||
# grease ⇄ greis | # grease ⇄ greis | ||
| Line 1,210: | Line 1,134: | ||
# liver ⇄ leever | # liver ⇄ leever | ||
# egg ⇄ eig | # egg ⇄ eig | ||
# horn ⇄ horn | # horn ⇄ horn | ||
# stinger ⇄ stakel | # stinger ⇄ stakel | ||
| Line 1,226: | Line 1,143: | ||
# head ⇄ hovd | # head ⇄ hovd | ||
# face ⇄ sicte | # face ⇄ sicte | ||
# ear ⇄ oor | # ear ⇄ oor | ||
# eye ⇄ ooge | # eye ⇄ ooge | ||
# nose ⇄ noose | # nose ⇄ noose | ||
# snout ⇄ snuut | # snout ⇄ snuut | ||
# mouth ⇄ mund | # mouth ⇄ mund | ||
| Line 1,244: | Line 1,154: | ||
# tongue ⇄ tunge | # tongue ⇄ tunge | ||
# foot ⇄ fut | # foot ⇄ fut | ||
# leg ⇄ leg | # leg ⇄ leg | ||
# knee ⇄ knii | # knee ⇄ knii | ||
# hand ⇄ hand | # hand ⇄ hand | ||
# finger ⇄ finger | |||
# nail (body part) ⇄ nagel | # nail (body part) ⇄ nagel | ||
# claw ⇄ klau | |||
# wing ⇄ ving | # wing ⇄ ving | ||
# belly ⇄ belai | # belly ⇄ belai | ||
# stomach ⇄ maage | # stomach ⇄ maage | ||
# | # neck ⇄ hals | ||
# | # nape ⇄ nek | ||
# throat ⇄ | # throat ⇄ keel | ||
# back ⇄ rug | # back ⇄ rug | ||
# breast | # breast, boob ⇄ brost | ||
# chest ⇄ cest | # chest ⇄ cest | ||
# ass, butt ⇄ bump | |||
# ass | |||
# anus ⇄ anus | # anus ⇄ anus | ||
# urethra ⇄ uretra | # urethra ⇄ uretra | ||
| Line 1,277: | Line 1,180: | ||
# penis ⇄ peenis | # penis ⇄ peenis | ||
# penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik | # penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik | ||
# scrotum | # scrotum, ballsack ⇄ skrung | ||
# | # male genitals ⇄ prung | ||
# glans ⇄ gleiskel | # glans ⇄ gleiskel | ||
# testicle ⇄ testikel | # testicle ⇄ testikel | ||
# sperm ⇄ sperm | # sperm ⇄ sperm | ||
# to drink ⇄ dringken | # to drink ⇄ dringken | ||
# to eat ⇄ spiitsen | # to eat ⇄ spiitsen | ||
| Line 1,320: | Line 1,223: | ||
# to swim ⇄ swimen | # to swim ⇄ swimen | ||
# to fly ⇄ fliigen | # to fly ⇄ fliigen | ||
# to walk | # to walk, to go ⇄ gouen | ||
# to come ⇄ komen | # to come ⇄ komen | ||
# to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen | # to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen | ||
| Line 1,347: | Line 1,250: | ||
# to float ⇄ flouten | # to float ⇄ flouten | ||
# to sink ⇄ zingken | # to sink ⇄ zingken | ||
# to flow ⇄ | # to flow ⇄ floisen | ||
# to swell ⇄ svelen | # to swell ⇄ svelen | ||
# to freeze ⇄ friisen | # to freeze ⇄ friisen | ||
# to burn ⇄ | # to burn ⇄ brenen | ||
# fire ⇄ fiier | # fire ⇄ fiier | ||
# sun ⇄ son | # sun ⇄ son | ||
# star ⇄ ster | # star ⇄ ster | ||
# earth ⇄ erd | # earth ⇄ erd | ||
# moon ⇄ mon | # moon ⇄ mon | ||
| Line 1,362: | Line 1,263: | ||
# dust ⇄ stov | # dust ⇄ stov | ||
# gravel ⇄ graus | # gravel ⇄ graus | ||
# boulder ⇄ boulder | # boulder ⇄ boulder | ||
# ash ⇄ ask | # ash ⇄ ask | ||
| Line 1,368: | Line 1,268: | ||
# hill ⇄ houvel | # hill ⇄ houvel | ||
# sand ⇄ sand | # sand ⇄ sand | ||
# road ⇄ | # road ⇄ veeg | ||
# water ⇄ vaater | # water ⇄ vaater | ||
# drop ⇄ drop | # drop ⇄ drop | ||
| Line 1,384: | Line 1,282: | ||
# mist ⇄ mist | # mist ⇄ mist | ||
# tsunami ⇄ tsunaami | # tsunami ⇄ tsunaami | ||
# air ⇄ luft | # air ⇄ luft | ||
# cloud ⇄ woln | # cloud ⇄ woln | ||
| Line 1,390: | Line 1,287: | ||
# wind ⇄ wind | # wind ⇄ wind | ||
# smoke ⇄ rook | # smoke ⇄ rook | ||
# | # disaster ⇄ katastrof | ||
# color ⇄ kolur | # color ⇄ kolur | ||
# paint ⇄ farb | # paint ⇄ farb | ||
| Line 1,408: | Line 1,305: | ||
# gray ⇄ gro | # gray ⇄ gro | ||
# black ⇄ svart | # black ⇄ svart | ||
# brown (dark orange | # brown (dark orange colors) ⇄ brun | ||
# pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz | # pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz | ||
# beige ⇄ beic | |||
# tan ⇄ taen | |||
# light ⇄ lict | # light ⇄ lict | ||
# hazy ⇄ hazi | # hazy ⇄ hazi | ||
| Line 1,424: | Line 1,323: | ||
# good ⇄ guut | # good ⇄ guut | ||
# bad ⇄ slect | # bad ⇄ slect | ||
# ripe | # ripe, mature ⇄ raif | ||
# rotten ⇄ rotnen | # rotten ⇄ rotnen | ||
# clean ⇄ crein | # clean ⇄ crein | ||
| Line 1,453: | Line 1,352: | ||
# because ⇄ soodat | # because ⇄ soodat | ||
# name ⇄ name | # name ⇄ name | ||
# correct ⇄ korekt | # correct, right ⇄ korekt, ret | ||
# incorrect, false/wrong ⇄ inkorekt, falc | |||
}} | }} | ||
=== | ===Wordlists=== | ||
''' | {{Special:PrefixIndex/Germian/|stripprefix=1}} | ||
==Texts== | |||
===Fragments 31=== | |||
'''Fragments 31''' — Sapfo — Anne Carson | |||
Xiin, fuur jaik, saims eqalaik tsoo de gauds dat manske | |||
das oposit duu siten | |||
end hooren duu neer | |||
spraaken soutlyt | |||
en lahen fryktlyt, das inderde | |||
maaken jaikse hart fladeren in jaikse brost; | |||
fuur van jaik caiken aton duu naur ain kort taid | |||
et sain kain meer moigelic fuur jaik tsoo spraaken | |||
aber et sain als if jaikse tunge sain kaput | |||
end unmidelyt renen ain subtiil fiier over jaikse skind, | |||
Jaik kan nict siien mit jaikse ooges, | |||
end jaikse oors buze | |||
kaudsveit komen over jaik, drerende | |||
graipen jaik overal, jaik sain bleeker | |||
dan greis, end jaik saims neerlyt | |||
tsoo hacdurden. | |||
aber alding must hatauren, sinds ... | |||
------------------------------ | |||
That man seems to me to be equal to the gods | |||
who is sitting opposite you | |||
and hears you nearby | |||
speaking sweetly | |||
and laughing delightfully, which indeed | |||
makes my heart flutter in my breast; | |||
for when I look at you even for a short time, | |||
it is no longer possible for me to speak | |||
but it is as if my tongue is broken | |||
and immediately a subtle fire has run over my skin, | |||
I cannot see anything with my eyes, | |||
and my ears are buzzing | |||
a cold sweat comes over me, trembling | |||
seizes me all over, I am paler | |||
than grass, and I seem nearly | |||
to have died. | |||
but everything must be dared/endured, since ... | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Germian]] | |||