Glommish: Difference between revisions

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|name = {{PAGENAME}}

|image =

|setting = [[Verse:~~Ed Dynje~~]]

|setting = [[Verse:Jarthe]]

|nativename = the glómsьk

|pronunciation = /~~θˠə~~ ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲk/

|pronunciation = /t{{den}}{{asp}}ˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲk/

|region = North America; Brazil

|speakers = 90 million

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}}

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''the glómsьke rarde'' [~~θˠə~~ ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲkə ɾˠaːɖə]) is a Germanic language which was historically spoken in parts of ~~Southern~~ Italy ~~and Tunisia~~ but is now mostly spoken by diaspora populations in North America and Brazil. It's classified as West Germanic in-universe, but forms a distinct group from what is called West Germanic in our timeline. Glommish is phonologically the most conservative Germanic language in ~~Ed Dynje~~ and is strikingly similar to reconstructed Proto-Germanic. Its speakers are called Gloms (''Glóme''). {{PAGENAME}} is intended to have a pseudo-Irish and pseudo-Slavic aesthetic.

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''the glómsьke rarde'' [t{{den}}{{asp}}ˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲkə ɾˠaːɖə]) is a Germanic language which was historically spoken in parts of Italy but is now mostly spoken by diaspora populations in North America and Brazil. It's classified as West Germanic in-universe, but forms a distinct group from what is called West Germanic in our timeline. Glommish is phonologically the most conservative Germanic language in Jarthe and is strikingly similar to reconstructed Proto-Germanic. Its speakers are called Gloms (''Glóme''). {{PAGENAME}} is intended to have a pseudo-Irish and pseudo-Slavic aesthetic.

~~The majority of today's Glommish speakers are Muslim and also speak English, Portuguese, and Arabic. A minority practice forms of Christianity which were historically common in North Africa~~.

In-universe German name: ''Glommisch''

~~Arabic name: ''al-Ghulūmiyyah''~~

==TODO==

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==Orthography==

===Native script===

Glommish today uses ~~an alphabetic writing system inspired by~~ the ~~Arabic script, written from right to left but with a~~ Latin ~~aesthetic~~. It was devised by Andrie Hóchenhym.

Glommish today uses the Latin orthography used in this article. It was devised by linguist Andrie Hóchenhym.

There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''th''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation)~~. In North Africa, the most common writing system for Glommish was the Arabic abjad. Today, the latter is used for ceremonial purposes~~.

There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''th''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation).

== Phonology ==

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====Articles====

{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.

{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''an'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.

* ''Mir davienь thá amblen'' 'I like almonds (in general)'

* ''Ik ví amblen'' 'I want almonds (specific indefinite plural noun)'

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Also: ''andie'' 'end', ''ave'' 'river', ''biare'' 'bear', ''fytie'' 'wheat', ''hiarte'' 'heart', ''knave'' 'servant', ''mage'' 'throat', ''óge'' 'eye', ''óre'' 'ear', ''szúe'' 'sky', ''ukse'' 'ox', ''yriene'' 'copper'. [''ave'' can also be declined like a feminine noun.]

Arabic nisba names and Latin and Greek -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and ''~~Apóle~~, ~~Apólenь~~'' 'Apollo'. Feminine Latin and Greek -ō names use the feminine declension instead: ''Júne, Júne, Júner'' 'Juno', Safe 'Sappho'.

Arabic masculine nisba names and Latin and Greek masculine -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and ''Apole, Apolenь'' 'Apollo'. Feminine Latin and Greek -ō names and feminine Arabic names use the feminine declension instead: ''Júne, Júne, Júner'' 'Juno', ''Safe, Safe, Safer'' 'Sappho', ''Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíer'' 'Al-Farabiyya'.

====Feminine nouns====

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Also: ''sviestier'' 'sister', ''duchtier'' 'daughter'.

{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"

! colspan="3" | ''kome'' (m.) 'comma'

|-

! style="width: 90px;" | Case

! style="width: 100px;" | Singular

! style="width: 100px;" | Plural

|-

! Nominative

| ''the kome'' || ''thá komen/komete''

|-

! Dative

| ''them komenь'' || ''thím komem/kometem''

|-

! Genitive

| ''thes komenь'' || ''thier komen/kometen''

|}

Also other nouns loaned from Greek ''-ma'' nouns.

===Adjectives===

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|}

The present has regularized. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use:

The present has regularized, and is less common than the past forms. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use:

*''Fí durstie thú...'' = How dare you...

*''Ik durstь yncz erbaren thá anfer.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer.

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|-

! present

| ''jém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''sith'' || ''sinь''

| ''jém'', (colloquial) ''kiém'', (poetic) ''czém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''sith'' || ''sinь''

|-

! past

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{{PAGENAME}} word order is V2 but is more similar to Icelandic than German. German-style SOV is considered poetic.

:'''''Fanь ~~ik jém~~ már, ví ik biegrán ne lyriernie.'''''

:'''''Fanь kiém már, ví ik biegrán ne lyriernie.'''''

:''When I grow up, I want to become a teacher.''

:(German: Wenn ich groß bin, will ich Lehrerin werden.)

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In modern Glommish, phrasal verbs are always separated, except in derived agent and verbal nouns. Colloquial Glommish does so even in agent and verbal nouns derived with -erь and -eng, using the borrowed English construction ''VERB-erь/-eng PREP-erь/-eng'' (cf. English ''fixer-upper''). Only the second suffix takes declension inflection.

: '''''húżen út'''''

: '''''(ta) húżen út'''''

: 'to express'

: '''''úthúżeng'''''

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====Progressive====

Progressive tenses denote ongoing actions. An Irish-like construction is used: the auxiliary ''bión'' is used (which carries the tense), and the lexical verb becomes ''at'' 'at' + infinitive. In formal Glommish, the direct object of the verb takes the genitive.

* ''~~Ik jém~~ at jaten the apel.'' "I am eating the apple."

* ''Kiém at jaten the apel.'' "I'm eating the apple."

* ''The hund vaz at thróten jan.'' "The dog was threatening him."

* ''~~Ik jém~~ thárat.'' "~~I'm doing it;~~ I'm on it."

* ''Kiém thárat.'' "I'm on it."

====Perfect====

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=== Platenь Furьanfer (Plato's Apology) ===

''Fí úr, lió Athiénierie, háth niumen vichtied at av mínem bievráżeriem, ~~vyt~~ ik ~~yncz~~; sá bielióvsam spriákenь sí, that ik hadie sialv jénachtь ferżaten for ik viérie. Santhes hánь sí áltbieachtied gesażd tvíls ynfat. Under thím miczelem lużem that sí sażdienь sprang út at mik yn in návem:''

''Fí úr, lió Athiénierie, háth niumen vichtied at av mínem bievráżeriem, niét ik; sá bielióvsam spriákenь sí, that ik hadie sialv jénachtь ferżaten for ik viérie. Santhes hánь sí áltbieachtied gesażd tvíls ynfat. Under thím miczelem lużem that sí sażdienь sprang út at mik yn in návem:''

=== Siúre 1: Thá Erupneng (tr. Hasien Elь-Chuliédí) ===

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |name = {{PAGENAME}}
 |image =
-|setting = [[Verse:Ed Dynje]]
+|setting = [[Verse:Jarthe]]
 |nativename = the glómsьk
-|pronunciation = /θˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲk/
+|pronunciation = /t{{den}}{{asp}}ˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲk/
 |region = North America; Brazil
 |speakers = 90 million
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 }}
-'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''the glómsьke rarde'' [θˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲkə ɾˠaːɖə]) is a Germanic language which was historically spoken in parts of Southern Italy and Tunisia but is now mostly spoken by diaspora populations in North America and Brazil. It's classified as West Germanic in-universe, but forms a distinct group from what is called West Germanic in our timeline. Glommish is phonologically the most conservative Germanic language in Ed Dynje and is strikingly similar to reconstructed Proto-Germanic. Its speakers are called Gloms (''Glóme''). {{PAGENAME}} is intended to have a pseudo-Irish and pseudo-Slavic aesthetic.
+'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''the glómsьke rarde'' [t{{den}}{{asp}}ˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲkə ɾˠaːɖə]) is a Germanic language which was historically spoken in parts of Italy but is now mostly spoken by diaspora populations in North America and Brazil. It's classified as West Germanic in-universe, but forms a distinct group from what is called West Germanic in our timeline. Glommish is phonologically the most conservative Germanic language in Jarthe and is strikingly similar to reconstructed Proto-Germanic. Its speakers are called Gloms (''Glóme''). {{PAGENAME}} is intended to have a pseudo-Irish and pseudo-Slavic aesthetic.
-The majority of today's Glommish speakers are Muslim and also speak English, Portuguese, and Arabic. A minority practice forms of Christianity which were historically common in North Africa.
 In-universe German name: ''Glommisch''
-Arabic name: ''al-Ghulūmiyyah''
 ==TODO==
@@ Line 52: / Line 48: @@
 ==Orthography==
 ===Native script===
-Glommish today uses an alphabetic writing system inspired by the Arabic script, written from right to left but with a Latin aesthetic. It was devised by Andrie Hóchenhym.
+Glommish today uses the Latin orthography used in this article. It was devised by linguist Andrie Hóchenhym.
-There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''th''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation). In North Africa, the most common writing system for Glommish was the Arabic abjad. Today, the latter is used for ceremonial purposes.
+There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''th''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation).
 == Phonology ==
@@ Line 235: / Line 231: @@
 ====Articles====
-{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.
+{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''an'' and the definite article ''the''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.
 * ''Mir davienь thá amblen'' 'I like almonds (in general)'
 * ''Ik ví amblen'' 'I want almonds (specific indefinite plural noun)'
@@ Line 372: / Line 368: @@
 Also: ''andie'' 'end', ''ave'' 'river', ''biare'' 'bear', ''fytie'' 'wheat', ''hiarte'' 'heart', ''knave'' 'servant', ''mage'' 'throat', ''óge'' 'eye', ''óre'' 'ear', ''szúe'' 'sky', ''ukse'' 'ox', ''yriene'' 'copper'. [''ave'' can also be declined like a feminine noun.]
-Arabic nisba names and Latin and Greek -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and ''Apóle, Apólenь'' 'Apollo'. Feminine Latin and Greek -ō names use the feminine declension instead: ''Júne, Júne, Júner'' 'Juno', Safe 'Sappho'.
+Arabic masculine nisba names and Latin and Greek masculine -ō names become n-stems, like ''Elь-Ferábí, Elь-Ferábíenь'' 'Al-Farabi', ''Niare, Niarenь'' 'Nero', and ''Apole, Apolenь'' 'Apollo'. Feminine Latin and Greek -ō names and feminine Arabic names use the feminine declension instead: ''Júne, Júne, Júner'' 'Juno', ''Safe, Safe, Safer'' 'Sappho', ''Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíe, Elь-Ferábíer'' 'Al-Farabiyya'.
 ====Feminine nouns====
@@ Line 557: / Line 553: @@
 Also: ''sviestier'' 'sister', ''duchtier'' 'daughter'.
+{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
+! colspan="3" | ''kome'' (m.) 'comma'
+|-
+! style="width: 90px;" | Case
+! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
+!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| ''the kome'' || ''thá komen/komete''
+|-
+! Dative
+| ''them komenь'' || ''thím komem/kometem''
+|-
+! Genitive
+| ''thes komenь'' || ''thier komen/kometen''
+|}
+Also other nouns loaned from Greek ''-ma'' nouns.
 ===Adjectives===
@@ Line 1,073: / Line 1,087: @@
 |}
-The present has regularized. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use:
+The present has regularized, and is less common than the past forms. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use:
 *''Fí durstie thú...'' = How dare you...
 *''Ik durstь yncz erbaren thá anfer.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer.
@@ Line 1,126: / Line 1,140: @@
 |-
 ! present
-| ''jém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''sith'' || ''sinь''
+| ''jém'', (colloquial) ''kiém'', (poetic) ''czém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''sith'' || ''sinь''
 |-
 ! past
@@ Line 1,201: / Line 1,215: @@
 {{PAGENAME}} word order is V2 but is more similar to Icelandic than German. German-style SOV is considered poetic.
-:'''''Fanь ik jém már, ví ik biegrán ne lyriernie.'''''
+:'''''Fanь kiém már, ví ik biegrán ne lyriernie.'''''
 :''When I grow up, I want to become a teacher.''
 :(German: Wenn ich groß bin, will ich Lehrerin werden.)
@@ Line 1,218: / Line 1,232: @@
 In modern Glommish, phrasal verbs are always separated, except in derived agent and verbal nouns. Colloquial Glommish does so even in agent and verbal nouns derived with -erь and -eng, using the borrowed English construction ''VERB-erь/-eng PREP-erь/-eng'' (cf. English ''fixer-upper''). Only the second suffix takes declension inflection.
-: '''''húżen út'''''
+: '''''(ta) húżen út'''''
 : 'to express'
 : '''''úthúżeng'''''
@@ Line 1,261: / Line 1,275: @@
 ====Progressive====
 Progressive tenses denote ongoing actions. An Irish-like construction is used: the auxiliary ''bión'' is used (which carries the tense), and the lexical verb becomes ''at'' 'at' + infinitive. In formal Glommish, the direct object of the verb takes the genitive.
-* ''Ik jém at jaten the apel.'' "I am eating the apple."
+* ''Kiém at jaten the apel.'' "I'm eating the apple."
 * ''The hund vaz at thróten jan.'' "The dog was threatening him."
-* ''Ik jém thárat.'' "I'm doing it; I'm on it."
+* ''Kiém thárat.'' "I'm on it."
 ====Perfect====
@@ Line 1,548: / Line 1,562: @@
 === Platenь Furьanfer (Plato's Apology) ===
-''Fí úr, lió Athiénierie, háth niumen vichtied at av mínem bievráżeriem, vyt ik yncz; sá bielióvsam spriákenь sí, that ik hadie sialv jénachtь ferżaten for ik viérie. Santhes hánь sí áltbieachtied gesażd tvíls ynfat. Under thím miczelem lużem that sí sażdienь sprang út at mik yn in návem:''
+''Fí úr, lió Athiénierie, háth niumen vichtied at av mínem bievráżeriem, niét ik; sá bielióvsam spriákenь sí, that ik hadie sialv jénachtь ferżaten for ik viérie. Santhes hánь sí áltbieachtied gesażd tvíls ynfat. Under thím miczelem lużem that sí sażdienь sprang út at mik yn in návem:''
 === Siúre 1: Thá Erupneng (tr. Hasien Elь-Chuliédí) ===