Proto-Celtic to Oltic Sound Changes: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:40, 23 September 2024

Proto-Celtic to Old Oltic

ɸ,sɸ,Cː,uw,ij > x,sw,C,u,i

nK,nm,m#,m,gN,#wN > ŋK,ŋm,n,ŋN,Nw

KʷVʷ > KVʷ

kʷ,g,gʷ > p,ɣ,w

{t,d,s,g}j,sw,gd > z

{e,o,V}C{j,w} > {ei,ou,Vː}C

{aː,ai},oi,i(ː)u,u(ː)i > ɛː,y,y(ː),y(ː)i

[V,Vʷ]w > au,ou / !_V

Old Oltic > Middle Oltic

Cʰ,S̬ > F

FF,SS > FS / F1!=s

Ss > F̥S

V > ∅ / ![_[(!.)V,ː] (lots of exceptions)

ei,{yi,ui,iu},ou(!%V) > eː,yː,uː

{e,o,a}u > {e,o,a}β

βC̥,βn,βm,βw,β > fC̥,mn,m,ww,v

{ea,ia},{eo,io} > ja,jo

w,KʷC > ɣʷ,KC

C̥j,K(ʷ)j,mj,nj,lj,j > C̥ç,P(ʷ),mɲ,ɲ,ʎ,ʝ

K(ʷ) > P(ʷ) / _{i,e}

nP > ɲP

N[S,F̬],N[F̥,!s],N{l,r} > NS̬,F̥,NS̬{l,r}

Pitch-accent forms

High by default
Falling if the root has a long vowel, there's been vowel elision before a stressed vowel, or there's been consonant elision directly before a stressed vowel
Rising (overrides falling) if there's been vowel elision after a stressed vowel

ː > ∅

Middle Oltic > Modern Oltic

ʝ > j

{t,d,ð}{ɫ,ʎ} >ɫ,ʎ

V{r,ɫ,{ʎ,ɫi,ɫj}}C > {r,ɫ,ʎ}VC

ɫ,θ,ŋn,{ɣɫ,jʎ}, {ɣr,rj} > ɫ,f,ɲ,ʎ,ʑ

ɛ > e / K_

c,ᶮɟ(ʷ),ç,ʝʷ > tɕ,ⁿdʑ(ʷ),ɕ,ɥ

NS > ⁿS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Proto-Celtic to Old Oltic'''
-ɸ,sp,Cː,uw,ij > x,sw,C,u,i
+ɸ,sɸ,Cː,uw,ij > x,sw,C,u,i
 nK,nm,m#,m,gN,#wN > ŋK,ŋm,n,ŋN,Nw
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 '''Middle Oltic > Modern Oltic'''
+ʝ > j
 {t,d,ð}{ɫ,ʎ} >ɫ,ʎ
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 V{r,ɫ,{ʎ,ɫi,ɫj}}C > {r,ɫ,ʎ}VC
-j,ɫ,θ,ŋn,{ɣɫ,ʝʎ}, {ɣr,rj} > i,ɫ,f,ɲ,ʎ,ʑ
+ɫ,θ,ŋn,{ɣɫ,jʎ}, {ɣr,rj} > ɫ,f,ɲ,ʎ,ʑ
 ɛ > e / K_
-c,ᶮɟ(ʷ),ç,ʝ,ʝʷ,r > tɕ,ⁿdʑ(ʷ),ɕ,j,ɥ,ɾ
+c,ᶮɟ(ʷ),ç,ʝʷ > tɕ,ⁿdʑ(ʷ),ɕ,ɥ
 NS > ⁿS
 [[Category:Oltic language]]
-[[Category:Middle Oltic language]]
-[[Category:Old Oltic language]]