Sudyrnish: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! A a !! Ar ar !! Ai ai !! Au au !! Ay ay !! Á á !! Æ æ !! Ær ær !! Ǽ ǽ !! B b !! C c !! Ch ch !! D d !! E e !! Ei ei !! Er er !! Eu eu !! Ey ey !! É é !! Ér ér !! È è !! Ê ê !! F f !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gu gu !! H h !! I i !! Ir ir !! Í í !! Ír ír !! Ï ï !! Ïr ïr !! L l !! M m !! N n !! O o !! Ó ó !! Ór ór !! Œ œ !! Œ́ œ́ !! Œ́r œ́r !! P p !! Qu qu !! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! Ur ur !! Ú ú !! Úr úr !! Ü ü !! Ür ür !! W w !! Wl wl !! Wn wn !! Wr wr !! X x !! Y y !! Yr yr !! Ý ý !! Ýr ýr !! Ÿ ÿ !! Ÿr ÿr
! A a !! Ar ar !! Ai ai !! Au au !! Ay ay !! Á á !! Æ æ !! Ær ær !! Ǽ ǽ !! B b !! C c
|-
|-
|
| /a/ || /a˞/ || /ai/ || /au/ || /ay/ || /oː/ || /ɛ/ || /ɛ˞/ || /eː/ || /b/ || /k/
|-
! Ch ch !! D d !! E e !! Ei ei !! Er er !! Eu eu !! Ey ey !! É é !! Ér ér !! È è !! Ê ê
|-
| /t͡ʃ/ || /d/ || /e,ə/ || /əi/ || /ɚ/ || /əu/ || /əy/ || /iː/ || /i˞ː/ || /ə/ || /œː/
|-
! F f !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gu gu !! H h !! I i !! Ir ir !! Í í !! Ír ír !! Ï ï !! Ïr ïr
|-
| /f/ || /g/ || /d͡ʒ/ || /gw/ || /h/ || /i/ || /i˞/ || /ai/ || /ai˞/ || /i/ || /i˞/
|-
! L l !! M m !! N n !! O o !! Ó ó !! Ór ór !! Œ œ !! Œ́ œ́ !! Œ́r œ́r !! P p !! Qu qu
|-
| /l,lˠ/ || /m/ || /n,nˠ/ || /o/ || /uː/ || /u˞ː/ || /ø/ || /yː/ || /y˞ː/ || /p/ || /kw/
|-
! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! Ur ur !! Ú ú !! Úr úr !! Ü ü !! Ür ür !! W w
|-
| /ɾ,ɾˠ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /u/ || /u˞/ || /au/ || /au˞/ || /u/ || /u˞/ || /w/
|-
! Wl wl !! Wn wn !! Wr wr !! X x !! Y y !! Yr yr !! Ý ý !! Ýr ýr !! Ÿ ÿ !! Ÿr ÿr
|-
| /lˠ/ || /nˠ/ || /ɾˠ/ || /ks/ || /y/ || /y˞/ || /ay/ || /ay˞/ || /y/ || /y˞/
|}
|}


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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] nˠ
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] lˠ || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|-
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]] ɾˠ
|}
*Fricatives except /h/ are voiced intervocalically and adjacent to voiced stops.
*/m/ is realized as [ɱ] before /f/.
*/n,l/ are velarized in coda.
**/n/ is realized as [ŋ] before velar consonants.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unrounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː i˞ i˞ː || [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] yː y˞ y˞ː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː u˞ u˞ː
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] eː || [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oː
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ɛ˞ || [[w:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œː]] || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ɚ
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|a]] a˞
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Diphthongs
|-
| əi || əy || əu
|-
| ai || ay || au
|}
*/ə/ is realized as [œ] when stressed.
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress is variable but predominantly initial
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Sudyrnish maximal syllables are CCCVCCC
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Nouns are marked for number by a suffix ''-(e)s'', umlaut, or more rarely by suppletion.
{| class="wikitable"
! !! "hat" !! "bear" !! "oak" !! "dog"
|-
! Singular
| hæt || bére || ác || hund
|-
! Plural
| hætes || béres || ǽc || doges
|}
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
===Negation===
===Negation===
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
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===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
Possessors and numerals precede their head. Adjectives and adverbs follow their head.
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==

Latest revision as of 12:06, 10 March 2024

Sudyrnish
Súdyrnish
Pronunciation[ˈsaudy˞niʃ]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingCornwall, England
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Sudyrnish /ˈsʌdərnɪʃ/ (Sudyrnish: Súdyrnish [ˈsaudy˞niʃ]) is an Anglic language spoken in Cornwall.

Etymology

Sudyrnish is from Súdyrnish, from Old English sūþhyrnisċ "south-cornerish" referring to Cornwall (Cornwēalas/Corn(wēal)isċ already referring to the Celtic inhabitants of Cornwall).

Orthography

Sudyrnish is written with the Latin script.

A a Ar ar Ai ai Au au Ay ay Á á Æ æ Ær ær Ǽ ǽ B b C c
/a/ /a˞/ /ai/ /au/ /ay/ /oː/ /ɛ/ /ɛ˞/ /eː/ /b/ /k/
Ch ch D d E e Ei ei Er er Eu eu Ey ey É é Ér ér È è Ê ê
/t͡ʃ/ /d/ /e,ə/ /əi/ /ɚ/ /əu/ /əy/ /iː/ /i˞ː/ /ə/ /œː/
F f G g Gh gh Gu gu H h I i Ir ir Í í Ír ír Ï ï Ïr ïr
/f/ /g/ /d͡ʒ/ /gw/ /h/ /i/ /i˞/ /ai/ /ai˞/ /i/ /i˞/
L l M m N n O o Ó ó Ór ór Œ œ Œ́ œ́ Œ́r œ́r P p Qu qu
/l,lˠ/ /m/ /n,nˠ/ /o/ /uː/ /u˞ː/ /ø/ /yː/ /y˞ː/ /p/ /kw/
R r S s Sh sh T t U u Ur ur Ú ú Úr úr Ü ü Ür ür W w
/ɾ,ɾˠ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /u/ /u˞/ /au/ /au˞/ /u/ /u˞/ /w/
Wl wl Wn wn Wr wr X x Y y Yr yr Ý ý Ýr ýr Ÿ ÿ Ÿr ÿr
/lˠ/ /nˠ/ /ɾˠ/ /ks/ /y/ /y˞/ /ay/ /ay˞/ /y/ /y˞/
  • /V˞V/ sequences are separated by apostrophes.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Velar
Nasal m n nˠ
Stop p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g
Fricative f s ʃ h
Approximant w l lˠ j
Tap ɾ ɾˠ
  • Fricatives except /h/ are voiced intervocalically and adjacent to voiced stops.
  • /m/ is realized as [ɱ] before /f/.
  • /n,l/ are velarized in coda.
    • /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before velar consonants.

Vowels

Vowels
Front unrounded Front rounded Back
High i iː i˞ i˞ː y yː y˞ y˞ː u uː u˞ u˞ː
Close-mid e eː ø o oː
Open-mid ɛ ɛ˞ œː ə ɚ
Low a a˞
Diphthongs
əi əy əu
ai ay au
  • /ə/ is realized as [œ] when stressed.

Prosody

Stress is variable but predominantly initial

Phonotactics

Sudyrnish maximal syllables are CCCVCCC

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are marked for number by a suffix -(e)s, umlaut, or more rarely by suppletion.

"hat" "bear" "oak" "dog"
Singular hæt bére ác hund
Plural hætes béres ǽc doges

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Sudyrnish word order is strictly either V2 or SVO, V2 being more common in poetic and formal speech.

Noun and verb phrases

Possessors and numerals precede their head. Adjectives and adverbs follow their head.

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses directly follow their head.

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS

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