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Galega: Difference between revisions

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{{Featured}}
 
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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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|e̝
|e̝
|ɛ
|ɛ
|
|meli
|
|mele
|
|mè
|"" m.
|"" m.
|
|mel
|
|mêl
|-
|-
|rowspan=2|a
|rowspan=2|a
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====Lenition====
====Lenition====
Consonant cluster generally simplified in Galega as shown in the following list:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Clusters
! Condition
! Late Galega
! Examples
|-
|tt
|
|t /t/
|kattos > cato "cat" m.
|-
|kk
|
|c /k/
|brokkos > broco "badger" m.
|-
|ll
|
|l /l/
|tullos > tolo "hole" m.
|-
|nn
|
|n /n/
|kwennom > peno "head" m.
|-
|rr
|
|r /r/
|karros > caro "car" m.
|-
|-
|mm
|
|m /m/
|mammā > mama "mother, mam" f.
|-
|-
|mn
|
|l /l/
|
|-
|nm
|
|l /l/
|
|-
|-
|mr
|
|br /br/
|
|-
|-
|ml
|
|bl>br /br/
|
|-
|-
|xs
|
|s /s/
|rīxs > ris "king" m.
|-
|-
|xt
|
|it /it/
|noxtos > noito "bared" adj.
|-
|-
|wl
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|wr
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|zd
|
|t /t/
|nizdos >
|-
|-
|zg
|
|t /t/
|mezgos >
|-
|-
|sw
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|sr
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|st
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|sl
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|sm
|
|t /t/
|
|-
|-
|sn
|
|n /n/
|snīs >
|-
|}
Note that intervocalic /b/, /d/ and /g/ will be voiced further to pronounce as //, // and //, but no change is made on orthography.
====Voicing====
====Voicing====
====Syncope====
====Syncope====
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* wēlos > welo > veio "modest" (with epenthesis)
* wēlos > welo > veio "modest" (with epenthesis)


# syncope of intervocalic /d/, /g/
* syncope of intervocalic /d/, /g/
Intervocalic /g/ first become /ɣ/ by vocalisation and then omitted, either create new diphthongs or following epenthesis rules:
Intervocalic /g/ first become /ɣ/ by vocalisation and then omitted, either create new diphthongs or following epenthesis rules:
* togos > toɣo > too > to "roof, ceiling" m. (without epenthesis)
{| class="wikitable"
* brigā > bre̝ɣa > brɛa > brèia "hill" f. (with epenthesis)
|-
! Condition
! Middle Galega
! Late Galega
! Examples
|-
|V/g/V without epenthesis
|rowspan=2|/ɣ/
|/∅/
|togos > toɣo > too > to "roof, ceiling" m.
|-
|V/g/V with epenthesis
|/j/
|brigā > bre̝ɣa > brɛa > brèia "hill" f.
|}
Intervocalic /d/ follows similar rules:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Condition
! Middle Galega
! Late Galega
! Examples
|-
|V/d/V without epenthesis
|rowspan=2|/ð/
|/∅/
|roudos > rʉðo > ruo > "red" adj.
|-
|V/d/V with epenthesis
|/j/
|
|}


====Nasalisation====
====Nasalisation====
====Epensis====
====Epensis====
====Celtic "s" to Galega "x"====
When middle vowels follow high vowels as a result of syncope or after normal sound changes, an /j/(written as /i/) will be inserted:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Condition
! Middle Galega
! Late Galega
! Examples
|-
|/e/+/a/;/o/;/ɔ/
|rowspan=2|VV
|rowspan=2|VjV
|senos > seo > seio /ˈsejo/ "old" adj.
|-
|/ɛ/+/a/;/o/;/ɔ/
|
|}
But this change doesn't take place for /o/ and /ɔ/, as abonā > avona > avoa "river" f.
 
====Liquid interchange====
====Liquid interchange====
Similar to Galician, Portuguese and Spanish, Galega also has liquid interchanges of /l/ and /r/ if they are present in following syllabes, but are basically regularised to the following two conditions:
Similar to Galician, Portuguese and Spanish, Galega also has liquid interchanges of /l/ and /r/ if they are present in following syllabes, but are basically regularised to the following two conditions:
* -lVl- > -lVr: mīlālos > miloro > miòro "bestial" adj. (without epenthesis)
{| class="wikitable"
* -rVr- > -rVl: eriros > erilo > ereio "eagle" m. (with epenthesis)
|-
! Condition
! Examples
|-
|VlVl > VlVr
|mīlālos > miloro > miòro "bestial" adj.
|-
|VrVr- > VrVl
|eriros > erilo > ereio "eagle" m.
|}
Note that all /l/ will be omitted following syncope rules(while in some cases epenthesis rules applies).
Note that all /l/ will be omitted following syncope rules(while in some cases epenthesis rules applies).


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