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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image            = Haanbrugs.jpg
| name              = Hanebrugish
|imagesize        = 185px
| altname          = Hanebruggish
|imagecaption      = Flag of Hanebrug
| nativename        = Hanebrugish
|name              = Hanebrugish
| image            = Hanebrugish-flag.png
|nativename        = Hanebrugish
| imagecaption      = ''Se Fane'', the Hanebrugish flag.
|pronunciation    = <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ</span>
| pronunciation    = ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ
|state            = Hanebrug
| creator          = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|created           = September 2023
| created          = September 2023
|familycolor      = Indo-European
| states            = Hanebrug
|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| extinct           = October 2023
|fam3              = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
| revived          = February 2024
|creator          = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
| familycolor      = Indo-European
|dia1              = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
| fam1              = Indo-European
|dia2             = Sangish†
| fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|dia3              = Hanefurpish†
| fam3              = <sup>?</sup>[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|dia4              = Arkeburgish†
| fam4              = Hanebrugish
|stand1            = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
| posteriori        = [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]]
|script1          = Latin
| stand1            = West Hanebrugish (''Westerhanebrugish'')
|notice            = IPA
| dia1             = East Hanebrugish (''Oasterhanebrugish'')†
| script1          = Latn
| notice            = IPA
}}
}}
'''Hanebrugish''' (<small>Hanebrugish:&nbsp;</small> ''Hanebrugish''; <span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]</span>), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.
==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').
==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.
===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.
===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.
Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.
==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]</span>
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</span> || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</span>
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</span>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">iə̯</span>
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">yə̯</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">uə̯</span>
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</span>
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]</span>
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]</span>
|
|
|-
|}
===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/VN/</span> [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[Ṽː]</span> ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''<span style="color:gray;">n.</span><span style="color:#3d85c6;"> ms.</span>'' 'tooth') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]</span>
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/n m/</span> become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/r/</span> ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[r]</span>.
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''<span style="color:gray;">adj.</span>'' 'red') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]</span>
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ɻ]</span>.
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''<span style="color:gray;">adj.</span>'' 'black, swarthy') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ]</span> ''or'' <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]</span>
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ɾ]</span>.
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''<span style="color:gray;">num.</span>'' 'three, 3') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]</span>
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/b d ɡ/</span> → <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[β ð ɣ]</span>.
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''<span style="color:gray;">n.</span><span style="color:#674ea7;"> nw.</span>'' 'eye') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]</span>
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ɡ/</span> also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#6aa84f;"> pret.</span>'' 'thou mayest') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]</span>
* The fricatives <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/f s ʃ/</span> voice intervocalically to <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/v z ʒ/</span>.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#f1c232;"> w.</span>'' 'to fish') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]</span>
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.</span>
* <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/y yə̯/</span> are better phonetically realized as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]</span>; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[ʏ yːə̯]</span>.
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''<span style="color:gray;">v.</span><span style="color:#cc0000;"> irr.</span>'' 'you (all) are') <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']</span>
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''<span style="color:gray;">n.</span><span style="color:#674ea7;"> ns.</span>'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">/ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ]</span> (''example of both articulational assimilation and voicing assimilation'')
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed<br>+ open]]
! Closed str.<br>or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">i</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɪː</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɪ</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ẽˑ</span>
|-
! colspan="2"| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">iə̯</span>
| colspan=2 | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">iːə̯</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">y</span>
! {{small|intact}}
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ʏː</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ʏ</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ø̃ˑ</span>
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">jʉ̞ː</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">jʉ̞</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">jɵ̃ˑ</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">yə̯</span>
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">yːə̯</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃</span>
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">jʉːə̯</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃</span>
|-
! colspan="2" | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">uə̯</span>
| colspan=2 | <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">uːə̯</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃</span>
|-
! colspan="2"| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">e</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">e̞ː</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɛ</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">æ̃ˑ</span>
|-
! colspan="2"| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ə</span>
|
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ə</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɐ̃ː</span>
|-
! colspan="2"| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">a</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">äː</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ä</span>
| <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">ɑ̃ː</span>
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 01:16, 26 July 2024

Hanebrugish
Hanebruggish
Hanebrugish
Hanebrugish-flag.png
Se Fane, the Hanebrugish flag.
Pronunciation[ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ]
Created byCharles, xadrezo
DateSeptember 2023
Native toHanebrug
ExtinctOctober 2023
RevivalFebruary 2024
Indo-European
Standard form
West Hanebrugish (Westerhanebrugish)
Dialect
  • East Hanebrugish (Oasterhanebrugish)†
SourcesProto-Germanic
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Hanebrugish&oldid=373522"