Cruckeny: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! | ! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! Ky ky !! D d | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/ | | /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/ | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
| /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /ʌ/ || /v/ || /vʲ/ || /w/ || /j/ | | /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /ʌ/ || /v/ || /vʲ/ || /w/ || /j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
*⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically. | |||
*⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 79: | Line 82: | ||
*Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | *Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | ||
*/t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | */t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | ||
*Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels | */s,ʃ/ are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents. | ||
*Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
| Line 107: | Line 111: | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Cruckeny stress is | Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Latest revision as of 09:01, 26 September 2024
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Cruckeny | |
|---|---|
| Cruckenee | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi] |
| Created by | Dillon Hartwig |
| Date | 2023 |
| Setting | West Virginia and Kentucky, United States |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Cruckeny /ˈkrʌkəni/ (Cruckeny: Cruckenee [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia.
Etymology
Cruckeny is from Crucunee, from Irish cnoc-theanga "hill speech."
Orthography
Cruckeny is rarely written and does not have a standard orthography, with most texts using ad hoc English-based orthographies. Linguifex documentation of Cruckeny uses the following:
| A a | Aa aa | Au au | Ai ai | B b | By by | C c | Ch ch | Ky ky | D d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /æ/ | /aː/ | /æɒ/ | /eɪ/ | /b/ | /bʲ/ | /k/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /kʲ/ | /d/ |
| E e | Ee ee | Er er | F f | Fy fy | G g | Gh gh | Gy gy | H h | I i |
| /ɛ,ə/ | /ɪi/ | /ɚ/ | /f/ | /fʲ/ | /g/ | /ɣ/ | /gʲ/ | /h/ | /ɪ/ |
| J j | Kh kh | Khy khy | L l | Ly ly | M m | My my | N n | Ny ny | Ng ng |
| /d͡ʒ/ | /x/ | /xʲ/ | /ɫ/ | /lʲ/ | /m/ | /mʲ/ | /n/ | /nʲ/ | /ŋ/ |
| Ngy ngy | O o | Oa oa | Oar oar | Oi oi | Oo oo | Ou ou | Our our | P p | Py py |
| /ŋʲ/ | /ɑ/ | /əᵿ/ | /oɻ/ | /oi/ | /ᵿʉ/ | /ɑɒ/ | /ɔɻ/ | /p/ | /pʲ/ |
| R r | S s | Sh sh | T t | U u | V v | Vy vy | W w | Y y | |
| /ɻ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /ʌ/ | /v/ | /vʲ/ | /w/ | /j/ |
- ⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically.
- ⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | ŋ | ŋʲ | ||
| Stop | Voiceless | p | pʲ | t | t͡ʃ | k | kʲ | |
| Voiced | b | bʲ | d | d͡ʒ | g | gʲ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | fʲ | s | ʃ | x | xʲ | h |
| Voiced | v | vʲ | ɣ | |||||
| Approximant | w | ɻ ɫ | lʲ | j | ||||
- /v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/.
- Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially.
- /t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated.
- /s,ʃ/ are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents.
- Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ɪ ɪi | ᵿʉ | |
| Close-mid | ə əᵿ ɚ | o oi | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛɪ | ʌ ɔ | |
| Low | æ æɒ | aː | ɑ ɑɒ |
- /o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
- /ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
- /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
- /ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
- /əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.
Prosody
Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial.
Morphology
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Negation
Numerals
Syntax
Constituent order
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs.
Noun and verb phrases
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause.
Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.