Inland North Czech: Difference between revisions
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In the Lõis timeline, '''Inland North Czech''' (natively ''český gazyk'' / | In the Lõis timeline, '''Inland North Czech''' (natively ''český gazyk'' /ˈtʃɛskɛj ˈjæzək/) is a descendant of old Bohemian dialects spoken by an Amish-like Christian sect descended from the Bohemian Brethren in Canada and the Inland North area of the United States. It shares certain vowel shifts with Inland North English (which is also the standard Canadian accent in Lõis) and has a stratum of Dutch and Low German loanwords. | ||
The everyday spoken register of Inland North Czech is in diglossia with the liturgical language which is based on the Kralice Bible. The differences mainly lie in morphology, syntax, and vocabulary. | The everyday spoken register of Inland North Czech is in diglossia with the liturgical language which is based on the Kralice Bible. The differences mainly lie in morphology, syntax, and vocabulary. | ||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
The orthography for Inland North Czech is based on the old Brethren orthography of Czech. | The orthography for Inland North Czech is based on the old Brethren orthography of Czech. | ||
This page will only describe the phonology. | This page will only describe the phonology and morphology of Inland North Czech. | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
Similar to Standard Czech, but voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated as in English | Similar to Standard Czech, but voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated as in English | ||
''mě'' is [ | ''mě'' is [mjɛ] | ||
preserves the distinction between ł and l as [ʁ] (may be [w] | preserves the distinction between ł and l as [ʁ] (may be [w] or zero depending on dialect) and [l~ɫ] | ||
''ǧ'' (old /g/ in loanwords) is [ɣ~x] | ''ǧ'' (old /g/ in loanwords) is [ɣ~x] | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
Inland North Czech has lost vowel length, having changed the length distinction into a quality/diphthong distinction. | Inland North Czech has lost vowel length, having changed the length distinction into a quality/diphthong distinction. | ||
It has the following | It has the following 11 vowel phonemes, including diphthongs: | ||
* a -> /a/ {{angbr|''a''}} | * a -> /a/ {{angbr|''a''}} | ||
* o -> /{{eo}}/ {{angbr|''o''}} | * o -> /{{eo}}/ {{angbr|''o''}} | ||
* á -> /eæ̯/ {{angbr|''á''}} | * á -> /eæ̯/ {{angbr|''á''}} | ||
* e -> / | * e -> /ɛ/ {{angbr|''e''}} | ||
* ej -> /aj/ {{angbr|''eg''}} | * ej -> /aj/ {{angbr|''eg''}} | ||
* é -> / | * é -> /i/ {{angbr|''é''}} | ||
* ou and initial ú -> /o/ {{angbr|''au''}} | * ou and initial ú -> /o/ {{angbr|''au''}} | ||
* u -> / | * u -> /ɯ/ {{angbr|''u''}} | ||
* ů -> /u/ {{angbr|''ů''}} | * ů -> /u/ {{angbr|''ů''}} | ||
* i/y -> /e/ {{angbr|''y''/''i''}} | * i/y -> /e/ {{angbr|''y''/''i''}} | ||
* í -> /i/ {{angbr|''j''}} | * í -> /i/ {{angbr|''j''}} | ||
* ý -> /ɛj/ {{angbr|''ý''}} | * ý -> /ɛj/ {{angbr|''ý''}} | ||
== | |||
5 cases | == Morphology == | ||
=== Nouns === | |||
5 cases; loc./voc. lost, acc = gen or nom, entirely depending on animacy | |||
'Dog' | 'Dog' | ||
* Nom. / | * Nom. /pɛs, pse/ | ||
* Gen./Acc. /psa, | * Gen./Acc. /psa, psu/ | ||
* Dat./ | * Dat. /psɯ, psum/ | ||
* | * Ins. /psɛm, psama/ | ||
'Man' | |||
*nom. /mɯ{{š}}, mɯ{{ž}}ɛ/ | |||
*gen. /mɯ{{ž}}ɛ, mɯ{{ž}}i/ | |||
*dat. /mɯ{{ž}}e, mɯ{{ž}}im/ | |||
*ins. /mɯ{{ž}}ɛm, mɯ{{ž}}ima/ | |||
'Tree' | 'Tree' | ||
* Nom./Acc. /str{{eo}}m, str{{eo}}me/ | * Nom./Acc. /str{{eo}}m, str{{eo}}me/ | ||
* Gen. /str{{eo}}ma, str{{eo}} | * Gen. /str{{eo}}ma, str{{eo}}mu/ | ||
* Dat | * Dat. /str{{eo}}m{{eo}}ve, str{{eo}}mum/ | ||
* Ins. /str{{eo}} | * Ins. /str{{eo}}mɛm, str{{eo}}mama/ | ||
'Wife' | 'Wife' | ||
* Nom. /{{ž}} | * Nom. /{{ž}}ɛna, {{ž}}ɛne/ | ||
* Gen. /{{ž}} | * Gen./Acc. /{{ž}}ɛne, {{ž}}ɛn/ | ||
* Dat | * Dat. /{{ž}}ɛnjɛ, {{ž}}ɛnum/ | ||
* | * Ins. /{{ž}}ɛno, {{ž}}ɛnama/ | ||
* Ins. / | |||
'Earth' | |||
* Nom. /zɛmjɛ, zɛmjɛ/ | |||
* Gen. /zɛmjɛ, zɛmi/ | |||
* Dat. /zɛme, zɛmim/ | |||
* Ins. /zɛmi, zɛmima/ | |||
'Leaf' | |||
* nom./acc. /lest, lesce/ | |||
* gen. /lesce, lesci/ | |||
* dat. /lesce, lescim/ | |||
* ins. /lesci, lescima/ | |||
'Word' | 'Word' | ||
* Nom./Acc. / | * Nom./Acc. /sʁ{{eo}}v{{eo}}, sʁ{{eo}}va/ | ||
* Gen. / | * Gen. /sʁ{{eo}}va, sʁ{{eo}}f/ | ||
* Dat./ | * Dat. /sʁ{{eo}}vɯ, sʁ{{eo}}vum/ | ||
* | * Ins. /sʁ{{eo}}vɛm, sʁ{{eo}}va/ | ||
* nom. /-i, -i/ | |||
*gen. /-i, -i/ | |||
*dat. /-i, -im/ | |||
*ins. /-im, -ima/ | |||
=== Adjectives === | |||
m/f/n/pl | |||
* nom. /d{{eo}}brɛj, d{{eo}}breæ, d{{eo}}bri, d{{eo}}bri/ | |||
* gen. /d{{eo}}brih{{eo}}, d{{eo}}bri, d{{eo}}brih{{eo}}, d{{eo}}brex/ | |||
* dat. /d{{eo}}brim, d{{eo}}bri, d{{eo}}brim, d{{eo}}brɛjma/ | |||
* ins. /d{{eo}}brem, d{{eo}}bro, d{{eo}}brem, d{{eo}}brɛjma/ | |||
* nom. /-i, -i, -i, -i/ | |||
*gen. /-ih{{eo}}, -i, -ih{{eo}}, -ix/ | |||
*dat. /-im, -i, -im, -im/ | |||
*ins. /-em, -i, -em, -ima/ | |||
[[Category:Slavic languages]] | [[Category:Slavic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Lõis]] | [[Category:Lõis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:37, 27 August 2024
In the Lõis timeline, Inland North Czech (natively český gazyk /ˈtʃɛskɛj ˈjæzək/) is a descendant of old Bohemian dialects spoken by an Amish-like Christian sect descended from the Bohemian Brethren in Canada and the Inland North area of the United States. It shares certain vowel shifts with Inland North English (which is also the standard Canadian accent in Lõis) and has a stratum of Dutch and Low German loanwords.
The everyday spoken register of Inland North Czech is in diglossia with the liturgical language which is based on the Kralice Bible. The differences mainly lie in morphology, syntax, and vocabulary.
The orthography for Inland North Czech is based on the old Brethren orthography of Czech.
This page will only describe the phonology and morphology of Inland North Czech.
Phonology
Consonants
Similar to Standard Czech, but voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated as in English
mě is [mjɛ]
preserves the distinction between ł and l as [ʁ] (may be [w] or zero depending on dialect) and [l~ɫ]
ǧ (old /g/ in loanwords) is [ɣ~x]
Vowels
Inland North Czech has lost vowel length, having changed the length distinction into a quality/diphthong distinction.
It has the following 11 vowel phonemes, including diphthongs:
- a -> /a/ ⟨a⟩
- o -> /ʌ/ ⟨o⟩
- á -> /eæ̯/ ⟨á⟩
- e -> /ɛ/ ⟨e⟩
- ej -> /aj/ ⟨eg⟩
- é -> /i/ ⟨é⟩
- ou and initial ú -> /o/ ⟨au⟩
- u -> /ɯ/ ⟨u⟩
- ů -> /u/ ⟨ů⟩
- i/y -> /e/ ⟨y/i⟩
- í -> /i/ ⟨j⟩
- ý -> /ɛj/ ⟨ý⟩
Morphology
Nouns
5 cases; loc./voc. lost, acc = gen or nom, entirely depending on animacy
'Dog'
- Nom. /pɛs, pse/
- Gen./Acc. /psa, psu/
- Dat. /psɯ, psum/
- Ins. /psɛm, psama/
'Man'
- nom. /mɯʃ, mɯʒɛ/
- gen. /mɯʒɛ, mɯʒi/
- dat. /mɯʒe, mɯʒim/
- ins. /mɯʒɛm, mɯʒima/
'Tree'
- Nom./Acc. /strʌm, strʌme/
- Gen. /strʌma, strʌmu/
- Dat. /strʌmʌve, strʌmum/
- Ins. /strʌmɛm, strʌmama/
'Wife'
- Nom. /ʒɛna, ʒɛne/
- Gen./Acc. /ʒɛne, ʒɛn/
- Dat. /ʒɛnjɛ, ʒɛnum/
- Ins. /ʒɛno, ʒɛnama/
'Earth'
- Nom. /zɛmjɛ, zɛmjɛ/
- Gen. /zɛmjɛ, zɛmi/
- Dat. /zɛme, zɛmim/
- Ins. /zɛmi, zɛmima/
'Leaf'
- nom./acc. /lest, lesce/
- gen. /lesce, lesci/
- dat. /lesce, lescim/
- ins. /lesci, lescima/
'Word'
- Nom./Acc. /sʁʌvʌ, sʁʌva/
- Gen. /sʁʌva, sʁʌf/
- Dat. /sʁʌvɯ, sʁʌvum/
- Ins. /sʁʌvɛm, sʁʌva/
- nom. /-i, -i/
- gen. /-i, -i/
- dat. /-i, -im/
- ins. /-im, -ima/
Adjectives
m/f/n/pl
- nom. /dʌbrɛj, dʌbreæ, dʌbri, dʌbri/
- gen. /dʌbrihʌ, dʌbri, dʌbrihʌ, dʌbrex/
- dat. /dʌbrim, dʌbri, dʌbrim, dʌbrɛjma/
- ins. /dʌbrem, dʌbro, dʌbrem, dʌbrɛjma/
- nom. /-i, -i, -i, -i/
- gen. /-ihʌ, -i, -ihʌ, -ix/
- dat. /-im, -i, -im, -im/
- ins. /-em, -i, -em, -ima/