Linguifex

Indevroplu: Difference between revisions
 
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'''Indeyivroplu''' (''indėvroplu'' / индевроплу [https://voca.ro/13qHtyM6jysm '''🔊''']), also known as '''Indevroplu''', is a personal constructed language that is classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'', rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique root words.  
'''Indevroplu''' (''indėvroplu'' / индевроплу [https://voca.ro/13qHtyM6jysm '''🔊''']), also known by its older name '''Indeyivroplu''', is a personal constructed language (conlang) that is classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language due to its goals of maintaining an absolute logic in structure, and reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family.  In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indevroplu is almost entirely ''a posteriori'', rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence).  There are however some morphemes (word roots) loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique ''a priori'' roots.  I first published my work on this conlang in 2024, and still continue to expand its vocabulary.  


The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and some inspirations received from other world languages.  It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination, and lack of grammatical gender or cases.
The structure of Indevroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and a few inspirations received from other world languages and conlangs.  It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination (compounding of words), and lack of grammatical gender, cases, or articles.
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|image =  
|imagesize = 100px
|imagesize = 100px
|name = Indeyivroplu
|name = Indevroplu
|nativename = indėvroplu<br>индевроплу
|nativename = indėvroplu<br>индевроплу
|creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]
|creator = [[User:Palachu|Palachu]]
|setting = fictional; southeastern Europe
|setting = fictional; southeastern Europe
|pronunciation=in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞
|pronunciation=in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞
|region = Tsaxikezaf
|region = Melézaf
|created = 2017-2024
|created = 2017-2025
|script1      = Latn
|script1      = Latn
|script2      = Cyrl
|script2      = Cyrl
Line 27: Line 27:
!  Order  !! Letter-''Latin'' !! Letter-''Cyrillic'' !! IPA Equiv.
!  Order  !! Letter-''Latin'' !! Letter-''Cyrillic'' !! IPA Equiv.
|-
|-
| 1 || '''Aa''' || Аа || [a]
| 1 || '''Aa''' || '''Аа''' || [a]
|-
|-
| 2 || '''Bb''' || Бб || [b]
| 2 || '''Bb''' || '''Бб''' || [b]
|-
|-
| 3 || '''Dd''' || Дд || [d̪]
| 3 || '''Cc''' || '''Цц''' || [t͡sʰ]
|-
|-
| 4 || '''Ee''' || Ээ || [ɛ]
| 4 || '''Čč''' || '''Чч''' || [t̠͡ʃʰ]
|-
| 5 || '''Dd''' || '''Дд''' || [d̪]
|-
| 6 || '''Ee''' || '''Ээ''' || [ɛ]
|-  
|-  
| 5 || '''Ėė''' || Ее || [ɪ̞]
| 7 || '''Ėė''' || '''Ее''' || [ɪ̞]
|-
|-
| 6 || '''Ff''' || Фф || [f]
| 8 || '''Ff''' || '''Фф''' || [f]
|-
|-
| 7 || '''Gg''' || Гг || [g]
| 9 || '''Gg''' || '''Гг''' || [g]
|-
|-
| 8 || '''Ğğ''' || Ғғ || [ɣ]
| 10 || '''Ğğ''' || '''Ғғ''' || [ɣ]
|-
|-
| 9 || '''Hh''' || Ҳҳ || [h]
| 11 || '''Hh''' || '''Ҳҳ''' || [h]
|-
|-
| 10 || '''Ii''' || Ии || [i]
| 12 || '''Ii''' || '''Ии''' || [i]
|-
|-
| 11 || '''Jj''' || Йй || [j]
| 13 || '''Jj''' || '''Йй''' || [j]
|-
|-
| 12 || '''Kk''' || Кк || [kʰ]
| 14 || '''Kk''' || '''Кк''' || [kʰ]
|-
|-
| 13 || '''Ll''' || Лл || [l]
| 15 || '''Ll''' || '''Лл''' || [l]
|-
|-
| 14 || '''Mm''' || Мм || [m]
| 16 || '''Mm''' || '''Мм''' || [m]
|-
|-
| 15 || '''Nn''' || Нн || [n]
| 17 || '''Nn''' || '''Нн''' || [n]
|-
|-
| 16 || '''Ňň''' || Ңң || [ŋ]
| 18 || '''Ňň''' || '''Ңң''' || [ŋ]
|-
|-
| 17 || '''Oo''' || Оо || [ɔ]
| 19 || '''Oo''' || '''Оо''' || [ɔ]
|-
|-
| 18 || '''Pp''' || Пп || [pʰ]
| 20 || '''Pp''' || '''Пп''' || [pʰ]
|-
|-
| 19 || '''Rr''' || Рр || [r],[ɾ]¬
| 21 || '''Rr''' || '''Рр''' || [ɾ],[r]¬
|-
|-
| 20 || '''Ss''' || Сс || [s]
| 22 || '''Ss''' || '''Сс''' || [s]
|-
|-
| 21 || '''Šš''' || Шш || [ʃ]
| 23 || '''Šš''' || '''Шш''' || [ʃ]
|-
|-
| 22 || '''Tt''' || Тт || [t̪ʰ]
| 24 || '''Tt''' || '''Тт''' || [t̪ʰ]
|-
|-
| 23 || '''Uu''' || Уу || [u̞]
| 25 || '''Uu''' || '''Уу''' || [u̞]
|-
|-
| 24 || '''Vv''' || Вв || [v]
| 26 || '''Vv''' || '''Вв''' || [v]
|-
|-
| 25 || '''Xx''' || Хх || [χ]
| 27 || '''Xx''' || '''Хх''' || [χ]
|-
|-
| 26 || '''Zz''' || Зз || [z]
| 28 || '''Zz''' || '''Зз''' || [z]
|-
|-
| 27 || '''Žž''' || Жж || [ʒ]
| 29 || '''Žž''' || '''Жж''' || [ʒ]
|-
|}
 
Additional letters in Cyrillic script:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter-''Cyrillic'' !! IPA Equiv.
|-
| '''Яя''' || [ja]
|-
| '''Єє''' || [jɪ̞]
|-
| '''Юю''' || [ju̞]
|-
|-
|}
|}
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Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic ('''''aeėiou''''' → '''áéëíóú''') to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional and often omitted, because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.
Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic ('''''aeėiou''''' → '''áéëíóú''') to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional and often omitted, because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.


''¬with two IPA values, use first value only if letter comes first in syllable''
''¬use second IPA value if <r> is geminated''
 
Beyond Latin and Cyrillic, there is also a unique featural script created for Indevroplu.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==


Indeyivroplu has a very close to perfectly phonemic orthography, where 1 grapheme always corresponds to 1 phoneme and vice versa. Morphophonology does not play any role, but the only minor deviation is with the 1 letter <r>, which is articulated as a trill when first in a syllable, and as a tap otherwise. Note that the 3 unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.
Standard Indevroplu has a perfectly phonemic orthography, where one grapheme always corresponds to one phoneme and vice versa, without morphophonological effects. Note that all three unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.


====Consonants====
====Consonants====


[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio IPA Consonant Chart Audio]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio IPA Consonant Chart w/ Audio (Wikipedia)]


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
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!Uvular
!Uvular
!Glottal
!Glottal
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
|m
|
|
|n
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Plosive
!colspan="2"|Plosive
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|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Nasal
!colspan="2"|Affricate
|m
|
|
|
|
|
|n
|t͡sʰ .
|t̠͡ʃʰ .
|
|
|
|
|ŋ
|
|
|
|
Line 136: Line 167:
|ʃ  ʒ
|ʃ  ʒ
|
|
| ɣ
|ɣ
|χ
|χ .
|h
|h .
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Approximant
!colspan="2"|Approximant
Line 146: Line 177:
|
|
|
|
| j
|j
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Tap
!colspan="2"|Tap~Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɾ
|ɾ~r
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|Trill
|
|
|
|  r
|
|
|
|
Line 177: Line 197:
|
|
|
|
| l
|l
|
|
|
|
Line 249: Line 269:


====Stress====
====Stress====
Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable.  Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, the antepenultimate (third last) syllable for interjections, and the penultimate for all else.  An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú).
Word stress in Indevroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable.  Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, and the penultimate for all else.  An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú). Monosyllabic words receive primary stress.
There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress. The select few one-syllable words also get secondary stress.


# ''prė'' - [ˌpʰɾɪ̞]
# '''pre''' - [ˈpʰɾɛ]
# an'''dir''' - [anˈd̪iɾ]
# an'''dir''' - [anˈd̪iɾ]
# gi'''še'''ra - [giˈʃɛ.ra]
# gi'''še'''ra - [giˈʃɛ.ɾa]
# gutňo'''hajr''' - [gu̞t̪ʰ.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
# prėğno'''rjėr''' - [pʰɾɪ̞.ɣnɔˈɾjɪ̞ɾ]
# nėkon''lun'''''kor'''su - [nɪ̞.kʰɔnˌlu̞nˈkʰɔɾ.su̞]
# nėkonlun'''ko'''ra - [nɪ̞.kʰɔn.lu̞nˈkʰɔ.ɾa]
# '''hún'''datğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
# '''hún'''datğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
# luskor''zor''kėgi'''jo'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]
# luskorzorkėgi'''o'''hu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾ.zɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈɔ.hu̞]


====Intonation====
====Intonation====


Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.
Stress in Indevroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===


Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics. There are three rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters can break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:
Indevroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics, meaning that it allows a variety of consonant clusters. There are 3 rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters are permitted to break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:


# = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
# = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicing) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
# = The rhotic <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
# = <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
# = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.
# = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking, and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.


Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
# = Word stems / morphemes must ''always'' end in a consonant. This exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel.
* Individual morphemes (word stems) must ''always'' end in a consonant. Thus when a morpheme ends in a front vowel in its original language, it converts to <j>, while a final back vowel becomes <h>.
#: Generally, a final front vowel in the original language converts to <j>, and a final back vowel becomes <ğ>.
*: This rule exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel or semivowel.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Inflection===
===Inflection===
Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''ė''' (preposition/conjunction), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''e''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).
Words in Indevroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -'''u''' (noun), -'''a''' (adjective), -'''i''' (adverb), -'''e''' (preposition/conjunction), -'''o''' (pronoun), -'''ė''' (interjection), -'''ir''' (infinitive verb).


# prend- = ''related to comprehension''
# prend- = ''related to comprehension''
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#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''
#: prenda = understood ''(adj.)''
#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
#: prendi = understandingly ''(adv.)''
#: prende = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
#: prendė = OK / understood ''(intj.)''
# loğ- = ''related to reason''
# loğ- = ''related to reason''
#: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''
#: loğu = reason, logic ''(n.)''
#: loğė = because ''(conj.)''
#: loğe = because ''(conj.)''
#: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''
#: loğa = logical ''(adj.)''
#: loği = logically ''(adv.)''
#: loği = logically ''(adv.)''
Line 297: Line 316:


===Conjugation===
===Conjugation===
Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. To conjugate, use the following suffixes:
Verbs in Indevroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. Refer to the below conjugation tables:


{| class="wikitable" align="center"
''1P = I/we; 2P = you; 3P = they || sg. = singular; pl. = plural''
! colspan="2" | Infinitive
 
{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center
! colspan="3" | Infinitive
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | -ir
| colspan="3" | -ir
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style=" text-align: center
! colspan="5" | FORMAL
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="4" | INFORMAL
|-
|-
! colspan="6" | Indicative
! colspan="9" | Indicative
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
! Past
! colspan="1" | Past
! Pres.
! colspan="1" | Present
! Futu.
! colspan="1" | Future
! colspan="1" |
! colspan="1" | Past
! colspan="1" | Present
! colspan="1" | Future
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 1stP.
! rowspan ="2" | 1P
! sing.
! sg.
| -arz
| -araz
| -ar
| -arax
! colspan="1" |
| -az
| -ar
| -ar
| -arx
| -ax
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ajrz
| -jaraz
| -ajr
| -jar
| -ajrx
| -jarax
! colspan="1" |
| -jaz
| -jar
| -jax
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 2ndP.
! rowspan ="2" | 2P
! sing.
! sg.
| -urz
| -uruz
| -ur
| -ur
| -urx
| -urux
! colspan="1" |
| -uz
| -ur
| -ux
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ujrz
| -juruz
| -ujr
| -jur
| -ujrx
| -jurux
! colspan="1" |
| -juz
| -jur
| -jux
|-
|-
! rowspan ="2" | 3rdP.
! rowspan ="2" | 3P
! sing.
! sg.
| -ėrz
| -ėrėz
| -ėr
| -ėrėx
! colspan="1" |
| -ėz
| -ėr
| -ėr
| -ėrx
| -ėx
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| -ėjrz
| -jėrėz
| -ėjr
| -jėr
| -ėjrx
| -jėrėx
! colspan="1" |
| -jėz
| -jėr
| -jėx
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Imperative
! colspan="9" | Imperative
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1stP.
! rowspan="2" | 1P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan="3" | -arf
| colspan="3" | -arf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -af
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan="3" | -ajrf
| colspan="3" | -jarf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -jaf
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2ndP.
! rowspan="2" | 2P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan="3" | -urf
| colspan="3" | -urf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -uf
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan="3" | -ujrf
| colspan="3" | -jurf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -juf
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rdP.
! rowspan="2" | 3P
! sing.
! sg.
| colspan="3" | -ėrf
| colspan="3" | -ėrf
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -ėf
|-
|-
! plu.
! pl.
| colspan="3" | -ėjrf
| colspan="3" | -jėrf
|--
! colspan="1" |
| colspan="3" | -jėf
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
! colspan="5" | Gerund
! colspan="5" | Gerund
|-
|-
| colspan="5" | ''(indicative conjug.)'' + '''-end'''
| colspan="5" | '''-end''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Subjunctive
! colspan="5" | Subjunctive
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''-sj-''' + ''(indicative conjug.)''
| colspan="5" |  '''-sj''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Conditional
! colspan="5" | Conditional
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''-šp-''' + ''(indicative conjug.)''
| colspan="5" |  '''-šp''' + ''(conjug.)''
|--
|--
! colspan="5" | Interrogative
! colspan="5" | Interrogative
|-
|-
| colspan="5" |  '''možhė-'''* + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjug.)''
| colspan="5" |  '''megėj-''' + ''(verb stem)'' + ''(conjug.)''
|}
|}


The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].
Subjunctive is normally indicated in English by the word "if," and conditional is indicated by "would." The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood Grammatical Mood].


The interrogative mood using the prefix '''možhė''' is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the question words that begin with '''tšė'''.
Not included here is the past participle form because it is treated in Indevroplu as an adjective, with the suffix "-'''ka'''"


''*Colloquially, <h> is dropped to become '''možė'''''
The interrogative mood using the prefix '''megėj''' is used in all question sentences that do not contain question words, all of which begin with '''čė'''.


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Loanword Adaptation===
===Loanword Adaptation===


Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indevroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:


# '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".
# '''ips'''- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ''ψηλός'' (''psilós'') "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ''ύψος'' (''ípsos'') "height".
Line 402: Line 471:


# '''fxas'''''.elu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
# '''fxas'''''.elu'' [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
# '''dúaj'''''.ė'' [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
# '''duj'''''.e'' [d̪u̞j] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɪ̯ç]
# '''njeğ'''''.u'' [ˈnjɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
# '''njéuh'''''.u'' [ˈnjɛ.u̞h] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
#: ''note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play''
#: ''note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play''


===Agglutination===
===Agglutination===
Indeyivroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.  
Indevroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.  


When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.
When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.
Line 422: Line 491:
# '''''stė'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stė.i'')
# '''''stė'''.ob.ronir'' "surf" versus ''on.'''st'''i'' "then" (as opposed to ''on.stė.i'')
# '''''lė'''.jek.hu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lė.u'')
# '''''lė'''.jek.hu'' "syllable" versus ''elin.'''l'''u'' "Greek" (as opposed to ''elin.lė.u'')
# '''kondrėzajtė''' "across from" versus ''bimor.kon'''dr'''u'' "antidote" (as opposed to ''bimor.kondrė.u'')
# '''ultrėkluga''' "ingenious" versus ''ul'''tr'''i'' "extremely" (as opposed to ''ultrė.i'')
# '''ultrėkluka''' "ingenious" versus ''ul'''tr'''i'' "extremely" (as opposed to ''ultrė.i'')


===Constituent Order===
===Constituent Order===
Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects.  Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb.  Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object.  Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially where there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.
Indevroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects.  Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb.  Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object.  Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially when there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.


"I have all of your blue books."
"I have all of your blue books."
Line 435: Line 503:


"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."
"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."
# loğė rigėňu etabėndi ronkurz eosė kordafterxonu.
# loğe rígėňu etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu.
# etabėndi ronkurz eosė kordafterxonu loğė rigėňu.
# etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu loğe rígėňu.
# ...
# ...


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[https://voca.ro/1b057KJugoCz <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen]
[https://voca.ro/1b057KJugoCz <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen]


* hello = '''prėvete''' <small>[pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɛ]</small>
* hello = '''prėvetė''' <small>[pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɪ̞]</small>
* good = '''guta''' <small>[ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* good = '''guta''' <small>[ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* bad = '''nėguta''' <small>[nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* bad = '''nėguta''' <small>[nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]</small>
* yes = '''bale''' <small>[ˈbalɛ]</small>
* yes = '''balė''' <small>[ˈbalɪ̞]</small>
* no = '''ne''' <small>[nɛ]</small>
* no = '''nė''' <small>[nɪ̞]</small>
* welcome = '''gutetge''' <small>[gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɛ]</small>
* welcome = '''gutetgė''' <small>[gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɪ̞]</small>
* to go = '''gir''' <small>[giɾ]</small>
* to go = '''gir''' <small>[giɾ]</small>
* to say = '''lir''' <small>[liɾ]</small>
* to say = '''lir''' <small>[liɾ]</small>
* what = '''tšo''' <small>[t̪ʰʃɔ]</small>
* what = '''čo''' <small>[t̪ʃʰɔ]</small>
* correct = '''pšaja''' <small>[ˈpʰʃaja]</small>
* correct = '''pšaja''' <small>[ˈpʰʃaja]</small>
* happy = '''felisa''' <small>[fɛˈlisa]</small>
* happy = '''felisa''' <small>[fɛˈlisa]</small>
* thank you = '''sepose''' <small>[sɛˈpʰɔsɛ]</small>
* thank you = '''seposė''' <small>[sɛˈpʰɔsɪ̞]</small>
* see you later = '''eosnėfre''' <small>[ˈɛɔsnɪ̞fɾɛ]</small>
* I know = '''djar''' <small>[ˈd̪jaɾ]</small>
* I don't understand = '''ni prendar''' <small>[ˈni pʰɾɛnˈd̪aɾ]</small>
* see you later = '''eosnėfrė''' <small>[ɛɔsˈnɪ̞fɾɪ̞]</small>
* language = '''leňgu''' <small>[ˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* language = '''leňgu''' <small>[ˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* conlang = '''penzleňgu''' <small>[pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
* conlang = '''penzleňgu''' <small>[pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]</small>
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|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 100px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|I
| style="text-align: center;"|I
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| style="text-align: center;"|mėjo
| style="text-align: center;"|mėjo
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|you (pl.)
| style="text-align: center;"|you (pl)
| style="text-align: center;"|tėjo
| style="text-align: center;"|tėjo
|-
|-
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| style="text-align: center;"|sėjo
| style="text-align: center;"|sėjo
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|this
| style="text-align: center;"|this (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|eto
| style="text-align: center;"|eta
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|that
| style="text-align: center;"|that (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|ono
| style="text-align: center;"|ona
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|here
| style="text-align: center;"|here
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|who
| style="text-align: center;"|who
| style="text-align: center;"|tšėso
| style="text-align: center;"|čėso
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|what
| style="text-align: center;"|what (adj)
| style="text-align: center;"|tša
| style="text-align: center;"|ča
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 100px; "|English
! style="width: 125px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 125px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|black
| style="text-align: center;"|black
| style="text-align: center;"|švatsa
| style="text-align: center;"|švaca
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|white
| style="text-align: center;"|white
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|gray
| style="text-align: center;"|gray
| style="text-align: center;"|lusšvatsa
| style="text-align: center;"|grija
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|red
| style="text-align: center;"|red
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|purple
| style="text-align: center;"|purple
| style="text-align: center;"|porfora
| style="text-align: center;"|pórfora
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|blue
| style="text-align: center;"|blue
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|yellow
| style="text-align: center;"|yellow
| style="text-align: center;"|kitrėfaba
| style="text-align: center;"|gelba
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|orange
| style="text-align: center;"|orange
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|-
|-
! style="width: 100px; "|numeral
! style="width: 100px; "|numeral
! style="width: 125px; "|Indeyivroplu
! style="width: 125px; "|Indevroplu
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|0
| style="text-align: center;"|0
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2
| style="text-align: center;"|2
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğ
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoh
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|3
| style="text-align: center;"|3
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|4
| style="text-align: center;"|4
| style="text-align: center;"|tšahor
| style="text-align: center;"|čahor
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|5
| style="text-align: center;"|5
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|9
| style="text-align: center;"|9
| style="text-align: center;"|enun
| style="text-align: center;"|inėn
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10
| style="text-align: center;"|10
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|11
| style="text-align: center;"|11
| style="text-align: center;"|dešvėjek
| style="text-align: center;"|dešjek
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|12
| style="text-align: center;"|12
| style="text-align: center;"|dešvėzjoğ
| style="text-align: center;"|dešzjoh
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|20
| style="text-align: center;"|20
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğdeš
| style="text-align: center;"|zjohdeš
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100
| style="text-align: center;"|100
| style="text-align: center;"|hundat
| style="text-align: center;"|húndat
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000
| style="text-align: center;"|jijaz
| style="text-align: center;"|jiljaz
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000'000
| style="text-align: center;"|1'000'000
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|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^9
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^9
| style="text-align: center;"|zjoğėljun
| style="text-align: center;"|zjohėljun
|-
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^12
| style="text-align: center;"|1×10^12
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|-
|-
|}
|}
[https://voca.ro/1brh60MlXDyr <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen to Numbers]
[https://voca.ro/1brh60MlXDyr <big>'''🔊'''</big> Listen to Numbers] ''(re-record)''


==Sample Sentences==
==Sample Sentences==
Line 620: Line 690:
===Text Excerpts===
===Text Excerpts===


* fsja umanju nasėjr diňiteti vė drejti lijra vė hama.  sėjo samhulėjr loğu vė isikdju onvė gutšpi ėnderxunti bratsposebi silėjr.  [https://voca.ro/19tW8Bns7N3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* fsja umanju nasjėr lijra ve hama de diňitetu ve drejtju.  sėjo samhuljėr loğu ve isikdju onve ėnderxunti gutšpi siljėr pónebe bratu.  [https://voca.ro/19tW8Bns7N3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>фсйа уманйу насейр диңитэти ве дрэйти лийра ве ҳама.  сейо самҳулейр лоғу ве исикдйу онве гутшпи ендэрхунти братспосэби силейр.</small>
: <small>фся уманю насєр лийра вэ ҳама дэ диңитэту вэ дрэйтю.  сейо самҳулєр лоғу вэ исикдю онвэ ендэрхунти гутшпи силєр понэбэ брату.</small>


:: "''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"
:: "''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"
Line 627: Line 697:




* onvė tana zėmėlu tenėrz jeka leňgu vė jeka lu.  onvė zamonė dezausti sėjo jėzdėjrz, pasėndozi getėjrz rafšezafu metšė Šinar-elu, onvė oneli bėnakėjrz. [https://voca.ro/1Dc4cg3bKH3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* ve tana zėmėlu montenėrėz jek leňgu ve jek lu.  ve zamone dezáusti sėjo jėzdjėrėz, pasėndozi getjėrėz rafšézafu meče Šinar-elu, onve oneli bėnakjėrėz. [https://voca.ro/1Dc4cg3bKH3o <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>онве тана земелу тэнерз йэка лэңгу ве йэка лу.  онве замоне дэзаусти сейо йездейрз, пасендози гэтейрз рафшэзафу мэтше Шинар-элу, онве онэли бенакейрз.</small>
: <small>вэ тана земелу монтэнерез йэк лэңгу вэ йэк лу.  вэ замонэ дэзаусти сейо єздєрез, пасендози гэтєрез рафшэзафу мэчэ Шинар-элу, онвэ онэли бенакєрез.</small>


:: "''And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.''"
:: "''And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.''"
Line 635: Line 705:




* mezė gušakar sėjo tenėjrz vjė mėjo mnoga poštgėmožju, mezė nėjrz.  onvė gėsjėjrz ustė ni djėšpajr loğė hėšpėjr dezumka. [https://voca.ro/16Y2zrNFgnHB <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* meje gušakar sėjo tenjėrėz, vje mėjo, mnoga poštgėmožju, meje nėjėrėz.  onve gėsjėjėrėz uste ni djėšpėjar, loğe sėjo hėšpėjėr nėpomna. [https://voca.ro/16Y2zrNFgnHB <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>мэзе гушакар сейо тэнейрз вйе мейо многа поштгеможйу, мэзе нейрз.  онве гесйейрз усте ни дйешпайр лоғе ҳешпейр дэзумка.</small>
: <small>мэйэ гушакар сейо тэнєрез вйэ мейо многа поштгеможю, мэйэ неєрез.  онвэ гесєєрез устэ ни дєшпеяр, лоғэ сейо ҳешпеєр непомна.</small>


:: "''But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten.''"
:: "''But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten.''"
Line 643: Line 713:
===Famous Quotes===
===Famous Quotes===


* lėsjur mo ustė dezumšpar.  omuzkėsjur mo ustė metšumšpar.  prėfigsjur mo ustė omuzšpar. [https://voca.ro/168OqVHu0nd4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* lėsjur mo uste nėpomnšpar.  prėomuzsjur mo uste pomnšpar.  prėfigsjur mo uste omuzšpar. [https://voca.ro/168OqVHu0nd4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
: <small>лесйур мо усте дэзумшпар.  омузкесйур мо усте мэтшумшпар.  префигсйур мо усте омузшпар.</small>
: <small>лесюр мо устэ непомншпар.  преомузсюр мо устэ помншпар.  префигсюр мо устэ омузшпар.</small>


:: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''
:: ''"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."''
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* frėzamondezumtorju hėjr losštrafa vėrazkir ho. [https://voca.ro/13UMX0NukgX4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* sėjo dase nėpomnjėr frėzamonu losštrafjėr vėrazkir ho. [https://voca.ro/13UMX0NukgX4 <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>фрезамондэзумторйу ҳейр лосштрафа веразкир ҳо.</small>
: <small>сейо дасэ непомнєр фрезамону лосштрафєр веразкир ҳо.</small>


:: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''
:: ''"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."''
Line 657: Line 727:




* ohemu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėerxvolu tenėr samha hastloğu. [https://voca.ro/1kGWRim0xOjK <big>'''🔊'''</big>]
* ohemhu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėbuskvolu tenėr sama hastloğu. [https://voca.ro/1kGWRim0xOjK <big>'''🔊'''</big>] ''(re-record)''
: <small>оҳэму ҳер ни истир дйеэрхир. дйеэрхволу тэнер самҳа ҳастлоғу.</small>
: <small>оҳэмҳу ҳер ни истир дєэрхир. дєбускволу тэнер сама ҳастлоғу.</small>


:: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"
:: "''The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.''"
::: Source: Albert Einstein
::: Source: Albert Einstein


==Indeyivroplu Resources==
==Indevroplu Resources==


===Resources & Documents===
===Resources & Documents===


*'''[https://a.co/d/541a7Mu Official Published Indeyivroplu Dictionary]'''
*'''[https://a.co/d/541a7Mu Official Published Indevroplu Dictionary]'''


[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Indeyivroplu_words Indeyivroplu words on Linguifex]
[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Indevroplu_words Indevroplu words on Linguifex]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]


*'''[https://community-courses.memrise.com/community/course/1864371/indeyivroplu/ Memrise Course for learning Indeyivroplu]'''
*'''[https://community-courses.memrise.com/community/course/1864371/indeyivroplu/ Memrise Course for learning Indevroplu]'''


*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EYrAHWjmrz58NuCjfp0BBYg8lW5-LoUAg2JT9bslDuU/edit?usp=sharing Indeyivroplu online database]'''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EYrAHWjmrz58NuCjfp0BBYg8lW5-LoUAg2JT9bslDuU/edit?usp=sharing Indevroplu online database]'''


*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uFiwhtxA8YvmcZhiQE2Ln7SUDWKaO2D7PFg6FcyqhyA/edit?usp=sharing Syntax test for Indeyivroplu sentences]'''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uFiwhtxA8YvmcZhiQE2Ln7SUDWKaO2D7PFg6FcyqhyA/edit?usp=sharing Syntax test for Indevroplu sentences]'''


*'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16oRZzc750iDUPyXgZzAtw5elYYdmQaPyLCEI1TE0gb8/edit?usp=sharing Index of all Indeyivroplu morphemes]'''
*'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16oRZzc750iDUPyXgZzAtw5elYYdmQaPyLCEI1TE0gb8/edit?usp=sharing Index of all Indevroplu morphemes]'''


===Typing Diacritics===
===Typing Diacritics===
''Latin:''
''Latin:''
* ėğňšž / ĖĞŇŠŽ
* ėčğňšž | áéëíóú
** áéëíóú / ÁÉËÍÓÚ
** ĖČĞŇŠŽ | ÁÉËÍÓÚ


''Cyrillic:''
''Cyrillic:''
* ғҳң / ҒҲҢ
* єғңҳ | а́э́е́и́о́у́
** а́э́е́и́о́у́ / А́Э́Е́И́О́У́
** ЄҒҢҲ | А́Э́Е́И́О́У́


==Additional Details==
==Additional Details==


The meaning of the name Indeyivroplu, natively ''indėvroplu'', is "Indo-European speech."
The meaning of the name Indevroplu, natively ''indėvroplu'', is "Indo-European speech." The older name Indeyivroplu comes from a transcription of Russian "индоевропе́йский."


===Setting===
===Setting===


The fictional region in the world where Indeyivroplu would be spoken is in rural communities along part of the northern shore of the Danube river in Romania by the Bulgarian border, and is named ''Tsaxikézaf'', transliterated to Romanian as ''Țahichezaf'' and Bulgarian as ''Цахикезаф''. This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the primary home nations of Indeyivroplu's eight constituent languages.
The fictional region in the world where Indevroplu would be spoken is in rural communities in Mehedinți county, Romania, near the Serbian and Bulgarian borders. It is named ''Melézaf'', transliterated to Romanian as ''Melezaf'' and to Bulgarian and Serbian as ''Мелезаф''. This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the primary home nations of Indevroplu's eight constituent languages (Iran, Spain, Germany, Russia, Greece, Armenia, Albania, & Wales).


===Writing Conventions===
===Writing Conventions===


* ''Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.''
* ''Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indevroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.''


* ''In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.''
* ''In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.''


* ''If typing diacritics is not supported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters can become their base form plus '''ь'''.''
* ''If typing diacritics is unsupported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters become their base form plus '''ь'''.''
 
* ''Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.''
 
* ''In the specific case of an Indeyivroplu word being used as a proper noun (i.e. when translating titles of media to Indeyivroplu), the word is to be capitalized but a comma is appended instead of a hyphen.''

Latest revision as of 04:41, 30 December 2025


Indevroplu (indėvroplu / индевроплу 🔊), also known by its older name Indeyivroplu, is a personal constructed language (conlang) that is classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language due to its goals of maintaining an absolute logic in structure, and reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indevroplu is almost entirely a posteriori, rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some morphemes (word roots) loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique a priori roots. I first published my work on this conlang in 2024, and still continue to expand its vocabulary.

The structure of Indevroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and a few inspirations received from other world languages and conlangs. It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination (compounding of words), and lack of grammatical gender, cases, or articles.

Indevroplu
indėvroplu
индевроплу
Pronunciation[in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞]
Created byPalachu
Date2017-2025
Settingfictional; southeastern Europe
Indo-European
  • Indevroplu

Orthography

🔊 Listen to alphabet

Order Letter-Latin Letter-Cyrillic IPA Equiv.
1 Aa Аа [a]
2 Bb Бб [b]
3 Cc Цц [t͡sʰ]
4 Čč Чч [t̠͡ʃʰ]
5 Dd Дд [d̪]
6 Ee Ээ [ɛ]
7 Ėė Ее [ɪ̞]
8 Ff Фф [f]
9 Gg Гг [g]
10 Ğğ Ғғ [ɣ]
11 Hh Ҳҳ [h]
12 Ii Ии [i]
13 Jj Йй [j]
14 Kk Кк [kʰ]
15 Ll Лл [l]
16 Mm Мм [m]
17 Nn Нн [n]
18 Ňň Ңң [ŋ]
19 Oo Оо [ɔ]
20 Pp Пп [pʰ]
21 Rr Рр [ɾ],[r]¬
22 Ss Сс [s]
23 Šš Шш [ʃ]
24 Tt Тт [t̪ʰ]
25 Uu Уу [u̞]
26 Vv Вв [v]
27 Xx Хх [χ]
28 Zz Зз [z]
29 Žž Жж [ʒ]

Additional letters in Cyrillic script:

Letter-Cyrillic IPA Equiv.
Яя [ja]
Єє [jɪ̞]
Юю [ju̞]

Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic (aeėiou → áéëíóú) to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional and often omitted, because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.

¬use second IPA value if <r> is geminated

Beyond Latin and Cyrillic, there is also a unique featural script created for Indevroplu.

Phonology

Standard Indevroplu has a perfectly phonemic orthography, where one grapheme always corresponds to one phoneme and vice versa, without morphophonological effects. Note that all three unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.

Consonants

IPA Consonant Chart w/ Audio (Wikipedia)

Bilabial Labiodental Denti-alveolar Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive pʰ b t̪ʰ d̪ kʰ g
Affricate t͡sʰ . t̠͡ʃʰ .
Fricative f v s z ʃ ʒ ɣ χ . h .
Approximant j
Tap~Trill ɾ~r
Lateral Approx. l

Vowels

Front <--> Central <--> Back
Close i
Near-Close u̞
Close-Mid ɪ̞
Mid
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Near-Open
Open a

Prosody

When pronouncing words, the division between syllables in the case of a consonant cluster at a syllable boundary is done by equally splitting the consonants if an even cluster, or putting 1 more consonant in the 2nd syllable if an odd cluster. The only exception to this method is with glides (see "Phonotactics" below).

Stress

Word stress in Indevroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable. Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, and the penultimate for all else. An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú). Monosyllabic words receive primary stress.

  1. pre - [ˈpʰɾɛ]
  2. andir - [anˈd̪iɾ]
  3. gišera - [giˈʃɛ.ɾa]
  4. prėğnorjėr - [pʰɾɪ̞.ɣnɔˈɾjɪ̞ɾ]
  5. nėkonlunkora - [nɪ̞.kʰɔn.lu̞nˈkʰɔ.ɾa]
  6. húndatğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
  7. luskorzorkėgiohu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾ.zɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈɔ.hu̞]

Intonation

Stress in Indevroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.

Phonotactics

Indevroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics, meaning that it allows a variety of consonant clusters. There are 3 rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters are permitted to break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:

  1. = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicing) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
  2. = <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
  3. = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking, and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.

Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:

  • Individual morphemes (word stems) must always end in a consonant. Thus when a morpheme ends in a front vowel in its original language, it converts to <j>, while a final back vowel becomes <h>.
    This rule exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel or semivowel.

Morphology

Inflection

Words in Indevroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -u (noun), -a (adjective), -i (adverb), -e (preposition/conjunction), -o (pronoun), -ė (interjection), -ir (infinitive verb).

  1. prend- = related to comprehension
    prendu = understanding (n.)
    prendir = to understand (inf. v.)
    prenda = understood (adj.)
    prendi = understandingly (adv.)
    prendė = OK / understood (intj.)
  2. loğ- = related to reason
    loğu = reason, logic (n.)
    loğe = because (conj.)
    loğa = logical (adj.)
    loği = logically (adv.)
    loğir = reason (inf. v.)
  3. m- = related to 1st person
    mo = I, me (pron.)
    ma = my (adj.)

Conjugation

Verbs in Indevroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. Refer to the below conjugation tables:

1P = I/we; 2P = you; 3P = they || sg. = singular; pl. = plural

Infinitive
-ir
FORMAL INFORMAL
Indicative
Past Present Future Past Present Future
1P sg. -araz -ar -arax -az -ar -ax
pl. -jaraz -jar -jarax -jaz -jar -jax
2P sg. -uruz -ur -urux -uz -ur -ux
pl. -juruz -jur -jurux -juz -jur -jux
3P sg. -ėrėz -ėr -ėrėx -ėz -ėr -ėx
pl. -jėrėz -jėr -jėrėx -jėz -jėr -jėx
Imperative
1P sg. -arf -af
pl. -jarf -jaf
2P sg. -urf -uf
pl. -jurf -juf
3P sg. -ėrf -ėf
pl. -jėrf -jėf
Gerund
-end + (conjug.)
Subjunctive
-sj + (conjug.)
Conditional
-šp + (conjug.)
Interrogative
megėj- + (verb stem) + (conjug.)

Subjunctive is normally indicated in English by the word "if," and conditional is indicated by "would." The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: Grammatical Mood.

Not included here is the past participle form because it is treated in Indevroplu as an adjective, with the suffix "-ka"

The interrogative mood using the prefix megėj is used in all question sentences that do not contain question words, all of which begin with čė.

Syntax

Loanword Adaptation

Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indevroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:

  1. ips- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ψηλός (psilós) "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ύψος (ípsos) "height".
  2. soň- is the word stem relating to "sleep", loaned from Spanish sueño "sleep" (n.), but made to reflect the more basic root soñar, even if in Spanish it changes meanings to "dream" (v.).


Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.

  1. fxas.elu [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
  2. duj.e [d̪u̞j] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɪ̯ç]
  3. njéuh.u [ˈnjɛ.u̞h] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
    note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play

Agglutination

Indevroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.

When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.

  1. fligmuku ("bat") = flig.a + muk.u ("flying" + "rat")
  2. kajskorxonu ("laboratory") = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u ("trial" + "to work" + "house")
  3. inždora ("farthest") = inž.i + dor.a ("most" + "far")


The only cases where a non-final morpheme ever gets an interfix are for: morphemes ending in an obstruent + <r> sequence, and the 28 total "ghost-syllable" morphemes, named so because they consist of 1 syllable onset followed by -ė in all positions except word-finally. They are:

d, dj, fr, fsj, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xv, zd, zg, ž, žm

  1. stė.ob.ronir "surf" versus on.sti "then" (as opposed to on.stė.i)
  2. lė.jek.hu "syllable" versus elin.lu "Greek" (as opposed to elin.lė.u)
  3. ultrėkluga "ingenious" versus ultri "extremely" (as opposed to ultrė.i)

Constituent Order

Indevroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects. Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb. Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object. Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially when there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.

"I have all of your blue books."

  1. tenar fsja ta sina girkju.
  2. tenar ta fsja sina girkju.
  3. tenar sina ta fsja girkju.
  4. ...

"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."

  1. loğe rígėňu etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu.
  2. etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu loğe rígėňu.
  3. ...

Vocabulary

Basics

🔊 Listen

  • hello = prėvetė [pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɪ̞]
  • good = guta [ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
  • bad = nėguta [nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
  • yes = balė [ˈbalɪ̞]
  • no = nė [nɪ̞]
  • welcome = gutetgė [gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɪ̞]
  • to go = gir [giɾ]
  • to say = lir [liɾ]
  • what = čo [t̪ʃʰɔ]
  • correct = pšaja [ˈpʰʃaja]
  • happy = felisa [fɛˈlisa]
  • thank you = seposė [sɛˈpʰɔsɪ̞]
  • I know = djar [ˈd̪jaɾ]
  • I don't understand = ni prendar [ˈni pʰɾɛnˈd̪aɾ]
  • see you later = eosnėfrė [ɛɔsˈnɪ̞fɾɪ̞]
  • language = leňgu [ˈlɛŋgu̞]
  • conlang = penzleňgu [pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]

Lists

Swadesh list subset
English Indevroplu
I mo
you to
he opso
we mėjo
you (pl) tėjo
they sėjo
this (adj) eta
that (adj) ona
here eteli
there oneli
who čėso
what (adj) ča
Colors
English Indevroplu
black švaca
white sefida
gray grija
red sorxa
pink lussorxa
purple pórfora
blue sina
cyan grinsina
green grina
yellow gelba
orange oraňžfaba
brown marona
Numbers
numeral Indevroplu
0 nul
1 jek
2 zjoh
3 trij
4 čahor
5 pandž
6 šeš
7 sem
8 axt
9 inėn
10 deš
11 dešjek
12 dešzjoh
20 zjohdeš
100 húndat
1'000 jiljaz
1'000'000 jekėljun
1×10^9 zjohėljun
1×10^12 trijėljun

🔊 Listen to Numbers (re-record)

Sample Sentences

Text Excerpts

  • fsja umanju nasjėr lijra ve hama de diňitetu ve drejtju. sėjo samhuljėr loğu ve isikdju onve ėnderxunti gutšpi siljėr pónebe bratu. 🔊 (re-record)
фся уманю насєр лийра вэ ҳама дэ диңитэту вэ дрэйтю. сейо самҳулєр лоғу вэ исикдю онвэ ендэрхунти гутшпи силєр понэбэ брату.
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1


  • ve tana zėmėlu montenėrėz jek leňgu ve jek lu. ve zamone dezáusti sėjo jėzdjėrėz, pasėndozi getjėrėz rafšézafu meče Šinar-elu, onve oneli bėnakjėrėz. 🔊 (re-record)
вэ тана земелу монтэнерез йэк лэңгу вэ йэк лу. вэ замонэ дэзаусти сейо єздєрез, пасендози гэтєрез рафшэзафу мэчэ Шинар-элу, онвэ онэли бенакєрез.
"And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech."
"And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there."
Source: King James Bible; The Tower of Babel


  • meje gušakar sėjo tenjėrėz, vje mėjo, mnoga poštgėmožju, meje nėjėrėz. onve gėsjėjėrėz uste ni djėšpėjar, loğe sėjo hėšpėjėr nėpomna. 🔊 (re-record)
мэйэ гушакар сейо тэнєрез вйэ мейо многа поштгеможю, мэйэ неєрез. онвэ гесєєрез устэ ни дєшпеяр, лоғэ сейо ҳешпеєр непомна.
"But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten."
Source: The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers; Sam; pg. 719

Famous Quotes

  • lėsjur mo uste nėpomnšpar. prėomuzsjur mo uste pomnšpar. prėfigsjur mo uste omuzšpar. 🔊
лесюр мо устэ непомншпар. преомузсюр мо устэ помншпар. префигсюр мо устэ омузшпар.
"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
Source: Benjamin Franklin


  • sėjo dase nėpomnjėr frėzamonu losštrafjėr vėrazkir ho. 🔊 (re-record)
сейо дасэ непомнєр фрезамону лосштрафєр веразкир ҳо.
"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
Source: Jorge Santayana


  • ohemhu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėbuskvolu tenėr sama hastloğu. 🔊 (re-record)
оҳэмҳу ҳер ни истир дєэрхир. дєбускволу тэнер сама ҳастлоғу.
"The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."
Source: Albert Einstein

Indevroplu Resources

Resources & Documents

Indevroplu words on Linguifex

Typing Diacritics

Latin:

  • ėčğňšž | áéëíóú
    • ĖČĞŇŠŽ | ÁÉËÍÓÚ

Cyrillic:

  • єғңҳ | а́э́е́и́о́у́
    • ЄҒҢҲ | А́Э́Е́И́О́У́

Additional Details

The meaning of the name Indevroplu, natively indėvroplu, is "Indo-European speech." The older name Indeyivroplu comes from a transcription of Russian "индоевропе́йский."

Setting

The fictional region in the world where Indevroplu would be spoken is in rural communities in Mehedinți county, Romania, near the Serbian and Bulgarian borders. It is named Melézaf, transliterated to Romanian as Melezaf and to Bulgarian and Serbian as Мелезаф. This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the primary home nations of Indevroplu's eight constituent languages (Iran, Spain, Germany, Russia, Greece, Armenia, Albania, & Wales).

Writing Conventions

  • Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indevroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.
  • In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.
  • If typing diacritics is unsupported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters become their base form plus ь.
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