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Vrkhazhian: Difference between revisions

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Vrkhazhian (''Śād Warḫāsaḫ'' "Mouth of Vrkhazh") is a language that is spoken by the Vrkhazhians who live in [[The Vrkhazhians|Warḫāsam]].
Vrkhazhian (''Śād Warḫāsaḫ'' "Mouth of Vrkhazh") is a language that is spoken by the Vrkhazhians who live in [[The Vrkhazhians|Warḫāsam]].
{{Infobox language
|boxsize = 25em
|image =
|imagesize = 250px
|name = Vrkhazhian
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Vrkhazhian
|nativename = Śād Warḫāsaḫ
|creator = User:Ahzoh
|pronunciation = ˈɬɑ̂ːd wɑr.ˈxɑ̂ː.sɑx
|states = Vrkhazh
|date = 2014
|familycolor = chattic
|fam1 = Chattic
|fam2 = ???
|fam3 = ???
|fam4 = ???
|ancestor = Old Vrkhazhian
|dia1 = Imperial Vrkhazhian
|dia2 = Common Vrkhazhian
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|clcr = qiv
|notice = IPA
}}


==History==
==History==
Line 10: Line 34:
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The table below shows the 25 consonant phonemes found in Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.
The tables below show the consonant phonemes found in both Imperial and Common Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Imperial Vrkhazhian
|-
|-
! style="width: 8em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Bilabial
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" style="width: 8em;" | Coronal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
Line 36: Line 61:
|
|
| k
| k
| rowspan="3" | ʔ ⟨'''''ˀ'''''⟩  
| rowspan="3" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩  
|-
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
Line 81: Line 106:
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| w
| w
|
|
| j ⟨'''''y'''''⟩
|
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Common Vrkhazhian
|-
! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="3" style="width: 12em;" | Alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Plain
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Sibilant
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Lateral
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m
| n
|
|
| ŋ ⟨'''''n̮'''''⟩
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! style="font-size: smaller" | Tenuis
| p ⟨'''''b'''''⟩
| t ⟨'''''d'''''⟩
| t͡s ⟨'''''z'''''⟩
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ź'''''⟩
| k ⟨'''''g'''''⟩
| rowspan="2" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Aspirated
| pʰ ⟨'''''p'''''⟩
| tʰ ⟨'''''t'''''⟩
| t͡sʰ ⟨'''''c'''''⟩
| t͡ɬʰ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩
| kʰ ⟨'''''k'''''⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| f
|
| s
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩
| x ⟨'''''ḫ'''''⟩
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
| r
|
| l
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| w
|
|
|
|
|
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! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
| ṗ + p
| rowspan="2" | pp
|-
|-
| b + p
| b + p
| pp
|-
| ṭ + t
| rowspan="2" | tt
|-
|-
| d + t
| d + t
| tt
|-
| ḳ + k
| rowspan="2" | kk
|-
|-
| g + k
| g + k
| kk
|-
| ṣ + s
| rowspan="5" | ss
|-
| z + s
|-
| ś + s
|-
| ṣ́ + s
|-
| ź + s
|-
| s + ś
| rowspan="5" | śś
|-
| ṣ + ś
|-
| z + ś
|-
| ṣ́ + ś
|-
| ź + ś
|-
|-
|}
|}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 150: Line 264:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| p + b
| p + ṗ
| bb
| rowspan="2" | ṗṗ
|-
| b + ṗ
|-
| t + ṭ
| rowspan="2" | ṭṭ
|-
| d + ṭ
|-
| k + ḳ
| rowspan="2" | ḳḳ
|-
| g + ḳ
|-
| s + ṣ
| rowspan="5" | ṣṣ
|-
| z + ṣ
|-
| ś + ṣ
|-
|-
| t + d
| ṣ́ + ṣ
| dd
|-
|-
| k + g
| ź + ṣ
| gg
|-
|-
|}
| s + ṣ́
|
| rowspan="5" | ṣ́ṣ́
|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
| ṣ + ṣ́
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| z + s
| z + ṣ́
| ss
|-
|-
| ś + s
| ś + ṣ́
| ss
|-
|-
| ź + s
| ź + ṣ́
| ss
|-
|-
|}
|}
|
|
|
|
|
Line 186: Line 309:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| s + z
| p + b
| zz
| rowspan="2" | bb
|-
| ṗ + b
|-
|-
| ś + z
| t + d
| zz
| rowspan="2" | dd
|-
|-
| ź + z
| ṭ + d
| zz
|-
|-
|}
| k + g
|
| rowspan="2" | gg
|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
| ḳ + g
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| s + ś
| s + z
| śś
| rowspan="5" | zz
|-
|-
| z + ś
| ṣ + z
| śś
|-
|-
| ź + ś
| ś + z
| śś
|-
|-
|}
| ṣ́ + z
|
|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
| ź + z
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| s + ź
| s + ź
| źź
| rowspan="5" | źź
|-
| ṣ + ź
|-
|-
| z + ź
| z + ź
| źź
|-
|-
| ś + ź
| ś + ź
| źź
|-
| ṣ́ + ź
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 235: Line 350:


===Asymmetrical Assimilation===
===Asymmetrical Assimilation===
{|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
| style="width: 3.5em;" | p + f
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṗ + f
|-
| style="width: 3.5em;" | b + f
| p + f
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + s
| rowspan="3" | ff
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + s
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + s
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + ś
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + ś
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + ś
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + ṣ
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + ṣ
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + ṣ
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + ṣ́
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + ṣ́
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + ṣ́
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + z
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + z
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + z
| style="width: 3.5em;" | t + ź
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ṭ + ź
| style="width: 3.5em;" | d + ź
| style="width: 3.5em;" | k + ḫ
| style="width: 3.5em;" | ḳ + ḫ
| style="width: 3.5em;" | g + ḫ
|-
|-
! Result
| ṗ + f
| colspan="3" | ff
|-
| colspan="3" | ss
| b + f
| colspan="3" | śś
| colspan="3" | ṣṣ
| colspan="3" | ṣ́ṣ́
| colspan="3" | zz
| colspan="3" | źź
| colspan="3" | ḫḫ
|}
|}
 
|
 
|
{|
{|
|
|
Line 282: Line 373:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| p + m
| t + s
| rowspan="2" | mm
| rowspan="3" | ss
|-
|-
| p + m
| ṭ + s
|-
|-
| p + f
| d + s
| rowspan="2" | ff
|-
| t + ṣ
| rowspan="3" | ṣṣ
|-
| ṭ + ṣ
|-
| d + ṣ
|-
| t + z
| rowspan="3" | zz
|-
| ṭ + z
|-
|-
| b + f
| d + z
|}
|}
|}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 301: Line 402:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| t + n
| t + ś
| rowspan="2" | nn
| rowspan="3" | śś
|-
|-
| d + n
| ṭ + ś
|-
|-
| t + s
| d + ś
| rowspan="2" | ss
|-
|-
| d + s
| t + ṣ́
| rowspan="3" | ṣ́ṣ́
|-
|-
| t + ś
| ṭ + ṣ́
| rowspan="2" | śś
|-
|-
| d + ś
| d + ṣ́
|-
|-
| t + z
| t + ź
| rowspan="2" | zz
| rowspan="3" | źź
|-
| d + z
|-
|-
| t + ź
| ṭ + ź
| rowspan="2" | źź
|-
|-
| d + ź
| d + ź
|}
|}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Line 335: Line 430:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| k + n̮
| k + ḫ
| rowspan="2" | n̮n̮
| rowspan="3" | ḫḫ
|-
|-
| g + n̮
| ḳ + ḫ
|-
| k + ḫ
| rowspan="2" | ḫḫ
|-
|-
| g + ḫ
| g + ḫ
Line 428: Line 520:
| ''aḫḫ-āsa''
| ''aḫḫ-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''aḫḫ-un''
| ''aḫḫ-un''
| ''aḫḫ-ūna''
| ''aḫḫ-ūna''
Line 435: Line 527:
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''aḫḫ-uḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-ūwa''
| ''aḫḫ-iḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-īya''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
Line 486: Line 568:
| ''idd-āsa''
| ''idd-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''idd-un''
| ''idd-un''
| ''idd-ūna''
| ''idd-ūna''
Line 493: Line 575:
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-āna''
| ''idd-āna''
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''idd-uḫ''
| ''idd-ūwa''
| ''idd-iḫ''
| ''idd-īya''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-āya''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-āya''
| ''idd-āya''
Line 513: Line 585:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |  
! rowspan="3" |  
! colspan="8" | Independent
! colspan="6" | Independent
! colspan="2" | Bound
! colspan="6" | Bound
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Nominative
! colspan="4" | Nominative
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Accusative
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Oblique
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Ergative
! colspan="4" | Subject
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Negative
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Negative
! colspan="2" | Negative
|-
|-
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
Line 538: Line 614:
! 1st
! 1st
| ''āni''
| ''āni''
| ''āti''
| ''ānan''
| ''tunni''
| ''tunni''
| ''tutti''
| ''tunnan''
| ''nêsi''
| ''nīya''
| ''têsi''
| ''nāyan''
| ''nêni''
| ''-ni''
| ''têni''
| ''-nan''
| ''-nisi''
| ''-nasin''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ti''
| ''-nan''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''āma''
| ''āmi''
| ''āman''
| ''āman''
| ''tumma''
| ''tummi''
| ''tumman''
| ''tumman''
| ''mêsi''
| ''mīya''
| ''mināsi''
| ''māyan''
| ''mêni''
| ''-mi''
| ''mināni''
| ''-man''
| ''-misi''
| ''-masin''
| ''-mi''
| ''-mi''
| ''-min''
| ''-man''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''āsa''
| ''āsi''
| ''āsan''
| ''āsan''
| ''tussa''
| ''tussi''
| ''tussan''
| ''tussan''
| ''kêsi''
| ''kīya''
| ''kināsi''
| ''kāyan''
| ''kêni''
| ''-ti''
| ''kināni''
| ''-tan''
| ''-tisi''
| ''-tasin''
| ''-ki''
| ''-ki''
| ''-kin''
| ''-kan''
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 617: Line 699:
| ''ḫamt-āsa''
| ''ḫamt-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''ḫamt-un''
| ''ḫamt-un''
| ''ḫamt-ūna''
| ''ḫamt-ūna''
Line 624: Line 706:
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''ḫamt-uḫ''
| ''ḫamt-ūwa''
| ''ḫamt-iḫ''
| ''ḫamt-īya''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
Line 651: Line 723:
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
|-
! Ergative
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
Line 704: Line 766:
!
!
! 2
! 2
| ''śiṭṭas''
| ''???''
| ''śaddaṭ-''
| ''???''
|-
|-
!  
!  
! 3
! 3
| ''miḫlas''
| ''???''
| ''maḫḫal-''
| ''???''
|-
|-
!  
!  
Line 739: Line 801:
!  
!  
! 9
! 9
| ''nuḫras''
| ''ḳutras''
| ''naḫḫar-''
| ''ḳattar-''
|-
|-
!  
!  
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Vrkhazhian"