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:[[Æ/Lexicon]] | :[[Æ/Lexicon]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''jạrˀ Æ'' [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ ''eh'') is an [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language). It belongs to the | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''jạrˀ Æ'' [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ ''eh'') is an [[Verse:Angai|Angai]]an monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language). It belongs to the Rieñ-Zrâtt language family and is related to [[Trây]] which is a Khmer-like language with initial clusters condensed into clicks. | ||
== Diachronics sketch == | == Diachronics sketch == | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Æ has 13 nuclei: i y ŭ u ů e ø o æ æ̊ ă a å /i y ɨ ɨ: u e ø o ɛ œ æ æ: ɔ/ | |||
=== Finals === | === Finals === | ||
| Line 91: | Line 91: | ||
| [uː]<br/>''ů'' | | [uː]<br/>''ů'' | ||
| [ɨː]<br/>''u'' | | [ɨː]<br/>''u'' | ||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /j(ʔ)/ | ! /j(ʔ)/ | ||
| [ɛːj]<br/>''aj'' | | [ɛːj]<br/>''aj'' | ||
| [ | | [ɑ̈j]<br/>''ăj'' | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
| [uːj]<br/>''ůj'' | | [uːj]<br/>''ůj'' | ||
| [ɨːj]<br/>''uj'' | | [ɨːj]<br/>''uj'' | ||
| [əj]<br/>''ŭj'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /w(ʔ)/ | ! /w(ʔ)/ | ||
| Line 119: | Line 121: | ||
| - | | - | ||
| [ɨːw]<br/>''uv'' | | [ɨːw]<br/>''uv'' | ||
| [əw]<br/>''ŭv'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /ð(ʔ)/ | ! /ð(ʔ)/ | ||
| Line 133: | Line 136: | ||
| [uːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ůd'' | | [uːð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ůd'' | ||
| [ð̩˕˗ˠː]<br/>''ud'' | | [ð̩˕˗ˠː]<br/>''ud'' | ||
| [əð̠˕ˠ]<br/>''ŭd'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /ɐ̯(ʔ)/ | ! /ɐ̯(ʔ)/ | ||
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| [uːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ůr'' | | [uːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ůr'' | ||
| [ɨːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ur'' | | [ɨːɒ̯̽]<br/>''ur'' | ||
| [əɒ̯̽]<br/>''ŭr'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! /ŋ(ʔ)/ | ! /ŋ(ʔ)/ | ||
Latest revision as of 01:32, 27 November 2024
Æ (natively jạrˀ Æ [jɑ̈˨˩˨ˀ ʔe˧˧], lit. 'Æ sound'; in English /ɛ/ eh) is an Angaian monosyllabic tonal analytic language inspired by Danish and Vietnamese (and the name is inspired by the real-world E language). It belongs to the Rieñ-Zrâtt language family and is related to Trây which is a Khmer-like language with initial clusters condensed into clicks.
Diachronics sketch
Old Æ -ång/k -ong/k -ůng/k -> Modern Æ -æ̊m/vˀ -øm/vˀ -ym/vˀ
Broad phonology
Initials
b d bl gl g f s fl sl t h m n ng l r v j 0 /p t pl tɬ k f s fl ɬ ts h m n ŋ l ʁ v j ʔ/
Medials
-r- /ʁ/ Since this lowers the vowel, the exact phonetic values of rV combinations must be learned. Tentatively only allowed after b d g f s t h m n ng v.
Vowels
Æ has 13 nuclei: i y ŭ u ů e ø o æ æ̊ ă a å /i y ɨ ɨ: u e ø o ɛ œ æ æ: ɔ/
Finals
-0 -j -v -d -r -n -m -ˀ -jˀ -vˀ -dˀ -rˀ -nˀ -mˀ /-0 -j -w -ð -ɐ̯ -ŋ -ŋ͡m -ʔ -jʔ -wʔ -ðʔ -ɐ̯ʔ -ŋʔ -ŋ͡mʔ/
Origins of finals
- -0 comes from older -0 (tone A), -ʔ (tone B), -h (tone C), -k (tone D)
- -v comes from older -w (tone A), -wʔ (tone B), -f (tone C), -p -wə(final stop) (tone D)
- -j comes from older -j (tone A), -jʔ (tone B), -ç (tone C), -c -jə(final stop) (tone D)
- -d comes from older -ð -l (tone A), -ðʔ -lʔ (tone B), -þ (tone C), -t -ðə(final stop) -lə(final stop) (tone D)
- -r comes from older -r (tone A), -rʔ (tone B), -s (tone C), -q -rə(final stop) (tone D)
- -n from -n -ɲ sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -nə(final stop) -ɲə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)
- -m from -m sometimes -ŋ (add ʔ or final fric as necessary for tones B or C), -mə(final stop) -ŋə(final stop) (tone D)
(Posttonic syllables after nonresonants are lost without a trace)
Tones
8 tones, 2 of which have stød
Tone box
Vietnamese tone diacritics are used to indicate the abstract etymological origin of the tone (The precise tone values are TBD)
| A (null/voiced coda) | B (glottal stop coda) | C (fricative coda) | D (voiceless stop coda) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modal initial | a | á | ả | áˀ |
| Breathy initial | à | ạ | ã | ạˀ |
Narrow phonology
Steal from Danish narrow phonology as much as possible
Initials
Initials are close to their broad transcriptions in Standard Æ.
Rimes with no -r- medial
| Nucleus | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /æː/ | /æ/ | /ɛ/ | /œ/ | /ɔ/ | /e/ | /ø/ | /o/ | /i/ | /y/ | /u/ | /ɨː/ | /ɨ/ | ||
| Coda | /0/ | [ɛː] a |
- | [eː] æ |
[œ̝ː] æ̊ |
[ɔ̽ː] å |
[e̝ː] e |
[øː] ø |
[o̝ː] o |
[iː] i |
[yː] y |
[uː] ů |
[ɨː] u |
- |
| /j(ʔ)/ | [ɛːj] aj |
[ɑ̈j] ăj |
- | - | [ɒ̽ːj] åj |
- | - | [oːj] oj |
- | - | [uːj] ůj |
[ɨːj] uj |
[əj] ŭj | |
| /w(ʔ)/ | [ɛːw] av |
[æw] ăv |
[eːw] æv |
[œːw] æ̊v |
[ɔ̽ːw] åv |
[e̝ːw] ev |
[øːw] øv |
- | [iːw] iv |
[yːw] yv |
- | [ɨːw] uv |
[əw] ŭv | |
| /ð(ʔ)/ | [ɛːð̠˕ˠ] ad |
[æð̠˕ˠ] ăd |
[eːð̠˕ˠ] æd |
[œ̝ːð̠˕ˠ] æ̊d |
[ɔ̽ːð̠˕ˠ] åd |
[e̝ːð̠˕ˠ] ed |
[øːð̠˕ˠ] ød |
[o̝ːð̠˕ˠ] od |
[iːð̠˕ˠ] id |
[yːð̠˕ˠ] yd |
[uːð̠˕ˠ] ůd |
[ð̩˕˗ˠː] ud |
[əð̠˕ˠ] ŭd | |
| /ɐ̯(ʔ)/ | [ɑ̈ː] ar |
[ɑ̈ː] ăr |
[eːɒ̯̽] ær |
[œːɒ̯̽] æ̊r |
[ɒ̝ː] år |
[e̝ːɒ̯̽] er |
[øːɒ̯̽] ør |
[o̝ːɒ̯̽] or |
[iːɒ̯̽] ir |
[yːɒ̯̽] yr |
[uːɒ̯̽] ůr |
[ɨːɒ̯̽] ur |
[əɒ̯̽] ŭr | |
| /ŋ(ʔ)/ | [ɛ̃ː] an |
[ãː] ăn | ||||||||||||
| /ŋ͡m(ʔ)/ | [ɛ̃ːw̃~ɛːw̃] am |
[æ̃w̃~æw̃] ăm | ||||||||||||
| /ʔ/ | [ɛːʔ] aˀ |
[æʔ] ăˀ | ||||||||||||
Grammar
Polar questions
Yes-no questions either use the A-not-A form or put the appropriate negative word at the end.
- Mæ̣rˀ húd med blảj Æ? / Mæ̣rˀ húd blảj Æ med?
- 2 COP NEG.COP human Æ / 2 COP human Æ NEG.COP
- Are you Æ?
Poetry
Lục bát (with the same rules as in Vietnamese lục bát) is the most common poetic form