Verse:Mwail/Ker: Difference between revisions

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'''~~Proto-Trans-Sarnathian~~''', ~~a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]], was spoken 3000 years BP~~.

'''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.

Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to ~~be reconstructed.~~

Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)

~~== Todo ==~~

~~h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi~~(~~breathy, final~~ stop ~~tone~~) ~~→ ModZz fi͇~~ (~~tone class is D2~~) ~~'house'~~

~~ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’~~

== Gibberish ==

<poem>

glips ˀɲat mij wrək,

d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,

d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,

θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək

</poem>

* PTS ə → w

== Phonology ==

* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩

=== Preinitial ===

* PTS e → i

ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)

* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩

=== Initials ===

* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩

p t̼ t ts c k ʔ

* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩

b d̼ d dz ɟ g

* PTS ew → ea

pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ

* PTS aw → ea

m n̼ n ɲ

* PTS ow → wa

ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ

* PTS ej → ay

ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ

* PTS aj → e

w j

* PTS oj → w

ˀw ˀj

ʰw ʰj

θ̼ θ s ɕ h

==~~Phonology~~==

=== Medials ===

~~===Vowels~~===

j? l r

~~i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au~~

~~→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au~~

=== Nuclei ===

~~→ Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au~~

a i ə o

~~(Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)~~

===~~Consonants~~===

== ~~Grammar~~ ==

=== Finals ===

~~Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns. Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage.~~

p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ

== ~~Lexicon~~ ==

=== Postfinals ===

* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬

-ʔ -s

* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s ~~→ Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’~~

* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'

== Syntax ==

* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'

Steal from Old Chinese

* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’

* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’

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-'''Proto-Trans-Sarnathian''', a descendant of Proto-[[Akya-Woms languages|Akya-Woms]], was spoken 3000 years BP.
+'''Old Qua''' or '''Ker''' (natively /kəʁ kʼrip/ 'Ker speech') is spoken in Angai's British Isles, contemporaneously with Classical Thean.
-Fortunately for Angaian historical linguists, extremely conservative relatives of Zzean within the Trans-Sarnathian branch are spoken in highly mountainous areas. They allow much of Proto-Trans-Sarnathian to be reconstructed.
+Qua has a history similar to Hmong (stop finals are lost) but takes it a step further (nasal vowels are denasalized)
-== Todo ==
-h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
-ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəb → p'ʌb → pà (E3) ‘cost’
+== Gibberish ==
+<poem>
+glips ˀɲat mij wrək,
+d̼ap kroj d̼ij ˀɲrək,
+d̼lomʔ pə pot-pit,
+θ̼lənʔ tsrəts ɕijs daʁʔ d̼ək
+</poem>
-* PTS ə → w
+== Phonology ==
-* PTS i → Modern Zzean ⟨ey⟩
+=== Preinitial ===
-* PTS e → i
+ʔə is the only preinitial (not counting zero)
-* PTS a → Modern Zzean ⟨wa⟩
+=== Initials ===
-* PTS o → Modern Zzean ⟨a⟩
+p t̼ t ts c k ʔ
-* PTS u → ɨ → Modern Zzean /i/ ⟨i⟩
+b d̼ d dz ɟ g
-* PTS ew → ea
+pʼ t̼ʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ
-* PTS aw → ea
+m n̼ n ɲ
-* PTS ow → wa
+ˀm ˀn̼ ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ
-* PTS ej → ay
+ʰm ʰn̼ ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ
-* PTS aj → e
+w j
-* PTS oj → w
+ˀw ˀj
+ʰw ʰj
+θ̼ θ s ɕ h
-==Phonology==
+=== Medials ===
-===Vowels===
+j? l r
-i ɨ u ə e o a ē ō ā ī ɨ̄ ū əi əɨ əu aj aɨ au
-→ Early Old Zzean e ə o ʌ ɛ ɔ a iə uə ɨə i ɨ u əi əɨ əu ai aɨ au
+=== Nuclei ===
-→ Late Old Zzean e ʌ o ɐ ə ɑ æ iə uə ɨə ɪ ə ʊ i ɨ u ai aɨ au
+a i ə o
-(Praveenize /ɛ/ → /ə/ → /ʌ/ → /ɑ/ → /æ/ → /iə/ and /u/ → /i/)
-===Consonants===
-== Grammar ==
+=== Finals ===
-Proto-Trans-Sarnathian switched to using Colloquial Welsh-like constructions using inherited verbal nouns.  Old finite verb forms were lost by the Proto-Trans-Sarnathian stage.
+p t k m n ŋ w j ʁ
-== Lexicon ==
+=== Postfinals ===
-* xjeʔ ‘1SG’ (From PAW disjunctive 1SG *h₂yeh₁); Zzean zhi̬
+-ʔ -s
-* PAW *sleh₃s → PTS *s-lō-s → Old Zzean *sluəs → lu(C2) → lŵ 'to sit’
-* h₂aw-bʰorḱ 'enclosure' → Proto-Trans-Sarnathian obʰroc → Late Old Zzean əvʰɣɑc → Middle Zzean vəjt → EModZz fi(breathy, final stop tone) → ModZz fi͇ (tone class is D2) 'house'
+== Syntax ==
-* ḱobreb → PTS k.brɛb → kbəw → p'ʌw → pà (E3) ‘to buy'
+Steal from Old Chinese
-* roy ‘in’ → PTS s-roj → rrw̖y ‘interior’
-* bʰetr → PTS bʰēr → PTS bʰiən → piən (A2) → piw (A2) → pe̖a ‘(higher register) in (postposition)’; → dialectal pjuː → thw̖ ‘at (postposition)’