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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieb-Muts'' or ''Reber-Muts'') is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes varieties of Modern Standard [[Wiebian]]. It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe. {{PAGENAME}} is aesthetically inspired by Chinese.
| | Indo-European pseudo-Hmong? |
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| ==Numbers== | | -g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases |
| wahm, diƨƨer, narg, đauf, säliƨ, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier:
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| we:m (-p m), deʃ (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u:f (-p b), zi:ʃ (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja:s (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)
| | (nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl) |
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| wje:m4, ʈʰi:5, nje:k6, !ʰu:5, si:5, ʈʰɔːm1, ʔɔːt6, lja:5, pʰje:p1, kiːɐ1
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| jep(L), ʈʰi(LR), nek(L), !ʰy(LF), si(LL), ʈʰɔm(H), ʔɔt(L), laa(LL), pʰep(H), kia(H)
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| yep6, chi5, nek6, !xue4, si6, chom1, ot6, laa6, pep3, gia1
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| vềm, đẫy, nệc, giữ, xĩ, tham, ạt, lẽ, phếp, co
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| ==Historical phonology==
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| ===Middle Wiebian===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
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| |+'''Middle Wiebian initials'''
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| !Labial
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| !Alveolar
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| !Retroflex
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| !Click
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| !Velar
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| !Glottal
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Nasal
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/m̊/
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| |/n̊/
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| |/ɳ̊/
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| |/ŋ̊!/
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| |/ŋ̊/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/m/
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| |/n/
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| |/ɳ/
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| |/ŋ!/
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| |/ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3"|Stop
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| ! | <small>tenuis</small>
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| |/p/
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| |/t/
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| |/ʈ/
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| |/ǃ/
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| |/k/
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| |/ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
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| |/pʰ/
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| |/tʰ/
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| |/ʈʰ/
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| |/ǃʰ/
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| |/kʰ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/b/
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| |/d/
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| |/ɖ/
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| |/ɡǃ/
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| |/ɡ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Spirants
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/f/
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| |/θ/
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| |/ɧ/
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| |/x/
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| |/h/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/ð/
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| |/ɧ̬/
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| |/ɣ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/s/
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| |/ʂ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/z/
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| |/ʐ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2"|Approximant
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| |/ʍ/
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| |/l̥/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| |/w/
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| |/l/
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| |}
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | /i/
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| | /iː/
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| | /y/
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| | /yː/
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| | /u/
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| | /uː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | /e/
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| | /eː/
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| | /ø/
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| | /øː/
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| | /əː/
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| | /ɔ/
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| | /oː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | /æ/
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| | /æː/
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| | /ɑ/
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| | /ɑː/
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| |}
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| Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
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| Tones:
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| *(-p m)
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| *(-p b)
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| *(-p g)
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| *(+p m)
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| *(+p b)
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| *(+p g)
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| ===Final changes===
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| *Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
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| *-ŋ! > -ŋ
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| ===Retroflex/slender split===
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| *ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
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| *ai ~ iː > iː
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| *a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
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| *e ~ je/i > i
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| *əː ~ eː > eː
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| *au ~ ay > ɔ(ː)
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| *o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > o(ː)
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| *u(ː) ~ y(ː) > u(ː)
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| *u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > u(ː)a
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| *uo ~ yø > uo
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| *aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
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| *auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
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| *k > k / t͡ɕ
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| *ʈ > k / tʂ
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| *! > ! / |
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| *ɧ > r / r
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| *t > tʂ / t
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| *p > p / pj
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| *n > ɳ / n
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| *ɳ > ŋ
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| *l > l / l or j depending on dialect
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| *r > l
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| ===Tone splits and mergers===
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| p ph b > p-H ph-H ph-L
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| *-phar:
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| **h -p m: 1
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| **h -p b: 2
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| **h -p g: 3/1
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| **l -p m: 4
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| **l -p b: 5
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| **l -p g: 6
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| *+phar:
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| **h +p m: 5
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| **h +p b: 4
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| **h +p g: 6/1
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| **l +p m: 1
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| **l +p b: 2
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| **l +p g: 3
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| long vowel-short vowel merger
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| level tones become falling, rising tones become level
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| there's only one falling tone which becomes level!
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| or creaky! (that's even better)
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| we thus have:
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| high level, high falling
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| mid rising, mid level, mid falling
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| low rising, low level, low falling, low creaky
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| the creakiness gets interpreted as a final -k!
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| final nasals assimilate in POA so it's wjep (low)
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| ==Inventory==
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| ===Consonants===
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| ===Vowels===
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| *i
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| *a
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| *ɛ
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| *ɔ
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| *ø
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| *y
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| *u
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| *ia
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| *ua
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| *ja, wa > aa
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| *final -w, -j
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| *øi, øu > øy
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| *i, y > ɨ before retroflexes.
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| ===Tones===
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| 123456 as in Cantonese.
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| ===Adjectives===
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| ===Verbs===
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| ==Syntax==
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
| |
Indo-European pseudo-Hmong?
-g -Ø -m -s -b -v -j -d = cases
(nom, voc, acc, gen, dat, instr, loc, abl)