Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions

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==Introduction==
#Redirect [[Middle Wiebian]]
Old Kurmian is inspired by Middle Chinese and Irish.
==Sound changes==
*short e > short i, short i > ə
*short a o u > short ä ö ü
*/au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /we/
*back vowels should break as in OC > MC
*final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
*Prefixes correspond to lexical mutations in RW
*grammatical mutation
*standardize Irish-style orthography?
*slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
*vowel length lost
*assuming vocalized r at the same conditions as bühnendeutsch:
**fám, dàuigh, neág, đâbh, séil, stúm, rút, leá, speáb, cia
 
==Phonology==
===Initials===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
!colspan="2" |
! | Labial
! | Coronal
! | Lateral
! | Coarticulated
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| /m̊/
| /n̊/
| /n̊ˡ/
| /ŋ̊!/
| /ŋ̊/
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| /m/
| /n/
| /nˡ/
| /ŋ!/
| /ŋ/
|
|-
!rowspan="4" | Stop
!<small>tenuis</small>
| /p/
| /t/
| /tɬ/
| /!/
| /k/
| /ʔ/
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
| /pʰ/
| /tʰ/
| /tɬʰ/
| /!ʰ/
| /kʰ/
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| /b/
| /d/
| /dɮ/
| /g!/
| /g/
|
|-
!<small>breathy voiced</small>
| /bʱ/
| /dʱ/
| /dɮʱ/
| /g!ʱ/ 
| /gʱ/
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| /f/
| /s/
| /ɬ/
| /ɧ/
| /x/
| /h/
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|
| /z/
| /ɮ/
| /ɧ̬/
| /ɣ/
|
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
|
| /r/
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=2| Approximant
| /w/, /ɥ/
|
| /l/
|
| /j/
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
There are many permissible rimes. There are four possible "medials": zero, /-j-/, /-w-/, and /-jw-/.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! &nbsp;
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! Close
| /i/
| /ɨ/
| /u/
|-
! Close-mid
| /e/
| /ə/
| /o/
|-
! Open-mid
| /ɛ/
|
|
|-
! Open
|
| /a/
|
|}
 
===Finals===
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l/
 
===Tones===
==Grammar==
===Mutations===
*/p/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
*/b/ <''b''> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
*/pʰ/ <''p̂''> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
*/m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
*/t/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /tʰ/
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
*/tʰ/ <''t̂''> > /θ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/
*/s/ <''ƨ''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/n/ <''n''> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
*/!/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
*/!ʰ/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /ŋ̊!/ /!ʰ/
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/k/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
*/g/ <''g''> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/
 
===Tenses===
*Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
*Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]]

Latest revision as of 22:09, 30 June 2016

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