Brung: Difference between revisions
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'''Brung''' is a language isolate of [[Verse:Angai]]. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
prevoiced stops spelled '''dt, bp, gk'''? | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Alveolar | |||
! | Palatal | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Uvular | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Click | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''kʘ''' /kʘ/, '''k!''' /k!/, '''kǀ''' /kǀ/, '''kǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''kǂ''' /kǂ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''gʘ''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''g!''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''gǀ''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''gǁ''' /ɡǁ/, '''gǂ''' /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''k, ck''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʔ-/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /ɡ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Fricative | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''ß''' /s/, '''ßch''' /ʃ/ | |||
| '''ch''' /ç/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ch''' [χ] | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''w''' /v/ | |||
| '''s''' /z/, '''sch''' /ʒ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | |||
| '''pf''' /pf/, '''bw''' /bv/ | |||
| '''z, tz''' /ts/ | |||
| | |||
| '''kch''' /kx/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Tap | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /ɾ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| '''j''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Lifted from Finnish. | |||
Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama. | |||
There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative. | |||
Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 120: | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
| Line 76: | Line 128: | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:08, 30 November 2024
Brung is a language isolate of Verse:Angai.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
prevoiced stops spelled dt, bp, gk?
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Click | voiceless | kʘ /kʘ/, k! /k!/, kǀ /kǀ/, kǁ /ɡǁ/, kǂ /kǂ/ | |||||
| voiced | gʘ /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, g! /ŋ!~ɡ!/, gǀ /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, gǁ /ɡǁ/, gǂ /ŋǂ~ɡǂ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k, ck /k/ | /ʔ-/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | ß /s/, ßch /ʃ/ | ch /ç/ | ch [χ] | h /h/ | |
| voiced | w /v/ | s /z/, sch /ʒ/ | |||||
| Affricate | pf /pf/, bw /bv/ | z, tz /ts/ | kch /kx/ | ||||
| Tap | r /ɾ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | j /j/ | |||||
Vowels
Lifted from Finnish.
Brung has vowel harmony where front and back vowels can't be in the same word; in addition, there's also click harmony where words that have front vowels can have palatal clicks but not alveolar clicks, which pattern with back vowels. Bilabial, dental and lateral clicks are considered neutral.
Prosody
Prosody and other suprasegmentals are very similar to Standard German.
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns in Brung have three grammatical genders as in German and Nama.
There are four grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive/prepositional and ablative, the last functioning as a partitive and a dechticaetiative.
Nominal morphology is marked entirely on the article/determiner. Determiners depend on specificity, deixis, gender, number, case, and honorifics.