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Lefso at the time, was facing a progressive shift towards better communication with the Japanese primarily due to the ease and efficiency of Japanese and declining influence from the Russian side within the linguistic ‘tug of war’. | Lefso at the time, was facing a progressive shift towards better communication with the Japanese primarily due to the ease and efficiency of Japanese and declining influence from the Russian side within the linguistic ‘tug of war’. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Cyrillic Sounds and their Japanese Orthographical Origins | |+ Cyrillic Sounds and their Japanese Orthographical Origins | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !! Russian Sound !! Original Orthographic-Influential Japanese Character | ||
|- | |- | ||
| А /a/ || ア (Katakana, A) | | А /a/ || ア (Katakana, A) | ||
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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! style="width: 68px; "| | ! style="width: 68px; "| | ||
! style="width: 68px; "|Bilabial | ! style="width: 68px; "|Bilabial | ||
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The usage of Toners and Blank Lefses has varying influence on sounds depending on their placement and usage. A Blank Lefse, if used for tone, indicates that all components succeeding it must rise/fall in tone; exceptions being if it’s being alternated with a Toner for a complex tone, or if two Lefses are marked in the same direction downwards. A toner only affects its preceding character. When tone changes are marked, tone shifts 30 - 40% from its starting point. Aspiration is also affected by tone. | The usage of Toners and Blank Lefses has varying influence on sounds depending on their placement and usage. A Blank Lefse, if used for tone, indicates that all components succeeding it must rise/fall in tone; exceptions being if it’s being alternated with a Toner for a complex tone, or if two Lefses are marked in the same direction downwards. A toner only affects its preceding character. When tone changes are marked, tone shifts 30 - 40% from its starting point. Aspiration is also affected by tone. | ||
==Writing Systems== | |||
===Odinya=== | |||
After the rapid modernization of Allavian, which deemed many characters obsolete, and moved many characters to other systems, the Odin writing system consists of 45 characters: | |||
#5 singular vowels: / (a), J (e), I (i), し (o), \ (u) (respectively pronounced either [a], [e], [i], [o], and [u]) | |||
#5 non-singular vowels: /” (ya), J” (ye), I” (yi), し” (yo), \” (yu) (respectively pronounced either [ja], [je], [ji], [jo], and [jɯ] when unstressed, or [jeɪ], [jiː], [jaɪ], [joʊ], and [jjuː] when stressed. | |||
#2 semivowels: Й, Ы (respectively pronounced as [j] and [ɨ]). | |||
#15 single consonants: for example 先 (b), の (n), 中 (f). | |||
#5 double consonants: for example 一 (Sh), 上 (Ts). | |||
#10 consonant-vowel unions: for example び (pu), ガ (lu). | |||
#5 modifier characters. | |||
These are conceived as an 8x6 grid, as illustrated in the table below. All modifier characters are positioned outside of the grid. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Odinya Scirpt (Romaje - Character Approximation) - 金字門 (Kinjide) Format | |||
|- | |||
! Row 1 !! Row 2 !! Row 3 !! Row 4 !! Row 5 !! Row 6 !! Row 7 | |||
|- | |||
| A (/) || E (J) || Й (十) || Lo (ガ) || Pa (び) || S: Cut || Ye (J”) | |||
|- | |||
| B (先) || F (中) || Zh (山) || Lu (ガ) || Pe (び) || T (尤 || Yi (I”) | |||
|- | |||
| Sh (一) || G (χ) || L (カ) || M (の) || Pi (び) || Ts (上) || Yo (し”) | |||
|- | |||
| Sh(sh/ch) (=) || Kh/K (キ) || La (ガ) || N (の) || Po (び) || U (\) || Yu (\”) | |||
|- | |||
| Ch (匸) || H: Cut || Le (ガ) || O (し) || Pu (び) || V: Cut || Ы (ン) | |||
|- | |||
| D (え) || I (I) || Li (ガ) || P (ひ) || R (大) || Ya (/”) || Z: Cut | |||
|} | |||
There are four types of vowels: Hard vowels, Soft vowels, Liquid vowels, and Extension Vowels. Hard vowels are the standard /a e i o u/ seen in most if not languages. Soft vowels consist of a preceding y, where a marking visually identified by a quotation mark-looking symbol located at the top-right of the character changes the vowel by adding a preceding “y” to the vowel, The addition of the y-marker is called “yittering”. Extension Vowels are mostly inferred by context unless marked. | |||
Liquid vowels are the synonymous term for the semivowels й and Ы. | |||
A process known as “vowel dragging” is commonly used for all characters (vowels included). In this process, a succeeding vowel is identified and marked at the top left of the character. However,for letters /l/ and /p/, they are placed on the top-right side. This is considered a major cultural nuance caused by the vast conflict over what symbol would take charge of the letter, and because it looked much better on the right. | |||
The vowel dragging process leads many to the conclusion that Odinya is an abugida, however, Odinya contains individual vowels that do not have diacritic-counterparts in Yittering, leading to the consensus that Odinya is a gradient between an alphabet and abugida. | |||
Stress is marked via a strikethrough-form Bowl that intersects the character. The type of strike indicates either added stress or lenition. In addition, vowel draggers may have strikethrough attached to them. A single line is lenition, and three lines on a vowel dragger are stressed. Tones are marked either via a Lefse or a Toner. | |||
====Odinye Exclusion Rule==== | |||
The Odinye Exclusion is a cultural nuance used when writing in digital format. All Occupied Lefse’s are disregarded–all modifier characters used on an Occupied Lefse (excluding the Tie) are pushed to succeed the character in the following order. | |||
(Vowel Dragging Vowel, Stress Marker, Toner, Lefse) | |||
The Odinye Exclusion Rule is named after Odinye, a digital form of writing Odinya, however, eventually turned into a mannerism. | |||
===Hiragana=== | |||
Hiragana is the second writing system of Lefso, it isn’t used within Modernized Lefso as in the manner of Odin. Hiragana is usually called “Obinya” in Modernized Lefso due to its major purpose as grammatical particles and conjugation, serving no purpose outside of these roles. | |||
===Katakana=== | |||
Katakana is the third writing system of Odinya and was introduced via intense contact with the Japanese language. Used almost exclusively within quotation marks unless writing names, loanwords, transcriptions, or onomatopoeia. Katakana also has several letters that act as grammatical particles. | |||
Of the 48 Katakana syllabograms described above, only 46 are used in Modernized Lefso, and one of these is preserved for only a single use: | |||
wi and we are pronounced as vowels in Modernized Japanese and are therefore obsolete, supplanted by i and e, respectively - the same applies to Modernized Lefso. | |||
wo is now used only as a topping, and is normally pronounced the same as the vowel オ o. As a topping, it’s usually written as it would be in Hiragana (を) with the katakana form being nearly obsolete. | |||
A small version of the Katakana ya, yu, or yo (ャ, ュ, or ョ, respectively) may be added to the Katakana ending in i. This changes the i vowel sound to a glide (palatalization) to a, u, or o, e.g. キャ (ki + ya) /kja/. The addition of the small y kana is called yōon. | |||
A character called a sokuon, visually identical to a small tsu ッ, indicates that the following consonant is geminated (doubled). This is represented in romaje by doubling the consonant that follows the sokuon. In Katakana this is an important distinction in pronunciation; for example, compare サカ saka "hill" with サッカ Sakka "author". Geminated consonants are common in transliterations of foreign loanwords; for example, English "bed" is represented as ベッド (beddo). The sokuon also sometimes appears at the end of utterances, denoting a glottal stop. However, it cannot be used to double the na, ni, nu, ne, no syllables' consonants; to double these, the singular n (ン) is added in front of the syllable. The sokuon may also be used to approximate a non-native sound: Bach is written バッハ (Bahha); Mach as マッハ (Mahha). | |||
Odin and Katakana both have elongation markings, however, Katakana does not use the Lefse mark (or any Odin-related marker at all) and instead uses a vowel extender mark, called a chōonpu ("long vowel mark"). This is a short line (ー) following the direction of the text, horizontal for locotexta (horizontal text), and vertical for odiverba (vertical text). For example, メール mēru is e-mail taken from the English word "mail"; the ー lengthens the e. | |||
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