Jovlish: Difference between revisions

{{privatelang}}

|imagecaption      = Flag of the Kingdom of Jovaia

|nativename        = {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Öggeş}}

|states            = Jovaia

|stand1            = Royal Jovlish ({{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Künöggeş}} (Künöggeş))

|dia1              = Turkish Jovlish (Türköggeş)

|dia2              = Georgian Jovlish (ქორთულეუგგეშ (Kortuleuggeş))

|dia3              = Kyutonian (кютонш (kjutonš))

'''Jovlish''' ('''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Öggeş}}''', '''''Öggeş''''' [ˈʔœɡɡɛʃ], formally '''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|itÖxsψış}}''', '''''itÖxspsış''''' [ʔɪˈtœks(ː)ˌpsωʃ] or '''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|iJóvalsψış}}''', '''''iJóvalspsış''''' [ʔɪˈʒo(ː)vɐlsˌpsωʃ]) is an [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic]] [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] language whose speakers mainly reside in the [[w:Pontus_(region)|Pontus]] region (Jovlish: {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Pont}}, ''Pont'' [pʰɔ̃ntʰ]) split between the [[w:Turkey|Republic of Türkiye]], the Kingdom of Jovaia, and the [[w:Georgia (country)|Republic of Georgia]]. It is descended from the [[w:Old English|Old English]] spoken by the [[w:Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] refugees [[w:New England (medieval)|fleeing from the Norman invasion of England to the Black Sea]], thus making it related to other Anglic languages such as [[w:English language|English]] and [[w:Scots language|Scots]], and to other [[w:Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]] languages such as the [[w:Frisian languages|Frisian]] languages.

| [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/171 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|şīd}}] (şīd)

| [[wikt:head|head]]

| [[wikt:heid|heid]]

| [[wikt:haad|haad]]

* '''Turkish Jovlish''', spoken primarily in modern-day Turkey, especially in former Greek-populated areas along the Black Sea coast.

* '''Georgian Jovlish''', concentrated in western Georgia.

 

Following the [[w:Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|dissolution of the Ottoman Empire]] and during the [[w:Turkish War of Independence|Turkish War of Independence]], efforts were made to standardize and preserve the Jovlish language. During this period, a standardized script was created, grammar and pronunciation were codified, and educational and linguistic institutions were established, though these efforts were geographically limited to within the borders of Jovaia.

 

Despite these efforts, the varieties spoken in Turkey and Georgia remained poorly documented and unstandardized, leading to an ongoing decline in speakers.

 

| ð ⟨þ⟩

* /x, ʁ/ palatalize to /ç ʝ/ near front vowels /i(ː), y(ː), e(ː), ø/.

** /ʁ/ > /ʝ/ in particular is blocked if /ʁ/ is preceded by a front vowel and followed by a consonant, yielding forms such as /wyʁd/ instead of /*wyʝd/.

| ð ⟨þ⟩

| ɫ

The Old Jovlish writing standard was a direct continuation of the Late West Saxon standard used for the writing of Old English in the period prior to the [[w:Norman Conquest|Norman Conquest]]. [[w:Acute accent|Acutes]] were added and standardized on consonants ⟨ć, cǵ, ǵ, sć⟩ in order to distinguish /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, j, ʃ/, and on vowels to mark length. /ʁ/ was spelled etymologically by adding a stroke to ⟨g, r, l⟩, thus /jɑːʁ, çiɔ̯ʁt, jɑʁd/ were spelled ⟨éaǥ, heoɍt, eałd⟩ (< OE ⟨[[wikt:eage|eage]], [[wikt:heorte|heorte]], [[wikt:eald|eald]]⟩) respectively. [[w:Eth|Edh]] ⟨ð⟩ and [[w:Wynn|wynn]] ⟨ƿ⟩ also fully fell out of use in favor of ⟨[[w:thorn (letter)|þ]]⟩ and ⟨uu⟩, and word-initial/-final instances of /v/ were spelled as ⟨ƀ⟩.

 

===Modern script===

The modern '''Jovlish script''' (Jovlish: '''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|öxhomhott}}''', öxhomhott), also known as the '''[https://lexiconga.com/86838032/92 Jelkyn] Script''' ('''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jöqkünhomhott}}''', jöqkünhomhott) or the '''Royal Script''' ('''{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|künhomhott}}''', künhomhott), was commissioned by Jelkyn Aşşīş II in order to increase literacy and accessibly of the Jovlish language, as part of a wider response to suppression efforts of the Jovlish language outside of Jovaia's borders. It was commisioned a couple decades before the Soviet invasion of Jovaia, and it would persist throughout the duration of [[w:World War II|Second World War]] and the [[w:Cold War|Cold War]], still seeing official and widespread common use throughout Jovaia. Most of its letters are direct derivations of the common Jovlish Latin lettering convention, or the common lettering style throughout Jovaia. This lettering convention was a collage of multiple different styles and sources, with some being continuations of the [[w:Insular script|Insular Style]] (such as ⟨[[File:T old jovlish 2.png|16px|frameless]]⟩ ← ⟨[[wikt:ꞇ#Old_English|ꞇ]]⟩ and ⟨[[File:R old jovlish 2.png|16px|frameless]]⟩ ← ⟨[[wikt:ꞃ#Old_English|ꞃ]]⟩), some being later adaptations (compare the insular-derived ⟨[[File:J old jovlish 2.png|16px|frameless]]⟩ ← ⟨[[wikt:ᵹ#Old_English|ᵹ]]⟩ with the later ⟨[[File:G old jovlish 2.png|16px|frameless]]⟩ ← ⟨ɢ⟩), and others being influenced by their [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek Script]] equivalents (such as ⟨[[File:B old jovlish 2.png|16px|frameless]]⟩ ← ⟨b, [[w:beta|β]]⟩). This writing style would be the main source for the letters of the new script (⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|b, j, g, r, t, . . .}}⟩), alongside derivations from [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ş}}⟩ ← ⟨[[w:sha (cyrillic)|ш]]⟩) and [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]] (⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ψ}}⟩ ← ⟨[[w:psi (greek)|ψ]]⟩), blends (⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ŋ}}⟩ ← ⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|n + g}}⟩), and artificial, newly-created letters (⟨{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ı}}⟩).The wide adoption of the script effectively reformed Jovlish spelling to be much more phonemic.

! Origin (Old–Middle Jovlish)

! Origin (Old–Middle Jovlish)

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ā}}<br>[ʔäː]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨a⟩ [[File:A old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|iņ}}<br>[ʔɪɲ]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bé}}<br>[be(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨b⟩ [[File:B old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|aŋ}}<br>[ʔɐŋ]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vé}}<br>[ve(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ó}}<br>[ʔo(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨o⟩ [[File:O old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ké}}<br>[kʰe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨c⟩ [[File:C old jovlish.png|50px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ő}}<br>[ʔœː]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨œ⟩  

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|çé}}<br>[t͡ʃe(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|pé}}<br>[pe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨p⟩ [[File:P old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|dé}}<br>[de(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨d⟩ [[File:D old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ré}}<br>[ɾe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨r⟩ [[File:R old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|é}}<br>[ʔe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨e⟩ [[File:E old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|sé}}<br>[se(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨s⟩ [[File:S old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|fé}}<br>[fe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨f⟩ [[File:F old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|şé}}<br>[ʃe(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jé}}<br>[ʒe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨ᵹ⟩, a variant of ⟨g⟩ [[File:J old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|té}}<br>[tʰe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨t⟩ [[File:T old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|gé}}<br>[ɡe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨g⟩ [[File:G old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|cé}}<br>[d͡ʒe(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|hé}}<br>[χe(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨h⟩ [[File:H old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ū}}<br>[ʔuː]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨u⟩ [[File:U old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ï}}<br>[ʔɯː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|wū}}<br>[vuː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ī}}<br>[ʔiː]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨i⟩ [[File:I old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|xé}}<br>[kse(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨x⟩ [[File:X old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|yē}}<br>[jɛː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ű}}<br>[ʔyː]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨y⟩ [[File:Y old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|lé}}<br>[ɫe(ː)]

| [ɫ]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨l⟩ [[File:L old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|zé}}<br>[ze(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨z⟩ [[File:Z old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|qé}}<br>[ʁ̞e(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨ł⟩ [[File:Ł old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ξé}}<br>[bze(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|mé}}<br>[me(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨m⟩ [[File:M old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ψé}}<br>[pse(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|né}}<br>[ne(ː)]

| Jovlish Latin ⟨n⟩ [[File:N old jovlish.png|60px|frameless]]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ā}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔäː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ó}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔo(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ é}}<br>[lɔŋ ˈʔe(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|frenşeş ó}}<br>[ˈfɾɛnʃɛʃ ʔo(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl| frenşeş é}}<br>[ˈfɾɛnʃɛʃ ˈʔe(ː)]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ő}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔœː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ï}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔɯː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ū}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔu]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ī}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔiː]

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|loŋ ű}}<br>[lɔŋ ʔyː]

===Failed proposals===

====Greek script====

During the Old Jovlish period, there were many proposals and attempts at writing Old Jovlish in the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek script]] to further bring ties closer between [[w:Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty|Byzantium]] and Jovaia, among other reasons. These proposals never picked up significant speed due to the fact that most of them were either tied to bigger movements such as an official conversion to [[w:Eastern Orthodoxy|orthodoxy]] and/or further [[w:hellenization|hellenization]] of the kingdom or were simply popular with neither the common folk nor the aristocracy.

These proposals were not standardized and differed in representing sounds not present in Byzantine Greek. Sounds such as [t͡ʃ], for example, were represented in a plethora of different ways, which varied by proposal. One common feature across these proposals however is the lack of apparent representation of vowel length, leaving it inferred in a given word.

<div style=display:inline-grid>

{| class="wikitable"  

|-

|+ '''Vowels'''

! Phoneme

! Glyph(s)

|-

| [i(ː)]

| ι, ει, η

|-

| [y(ː)]

| υ

| [u(ː)]

| ου

| [e(ː)]

| ε, αι

| [ø]

| οε

|-

| [o(ː)]

| ο, ω

|-

| [æ(ː)]

| αε

|-

| [ɑ(ː)]

| α

|-

| [iʊ̯]

| ευ, εϋ, ιυ, ιϋ

|-

| [i(ː)ɔ̯]

| εο, ιο

| [i(ː)œ̯]

| εοε, ιοε

| [i(ː)ɐ̯]

| εα, ια

{| class="wikitable"  

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | θ, ρ^[1], ρρ^[1]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ς

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | σι, ς, ς́

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, x~χ, h]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | χ

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | γ, ρ, λ

| [d]

| ντ, δδ, τδ

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ρ

|-

| [d͡ʒ]

| τζι, τζ, τζ́

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | λ

|-

| [ɡ]

| γκ, κγ

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ι

|-

{| class="wikitable"  

! rowspan="11" style="font-weight:normal;" |  

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | аэ, а, ә

|-

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɑ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а, о

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [iɐ̯]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эа, иа, я

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [yɐ̯]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | эѵ, эу, эо, иѵ, иу, ю

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɯʊ̯]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | иу, уу, эу, ю

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jə]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | е, ё, ъя, ъе, ъё

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɥə]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъѵ, ъоуэ, ъю

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [wə]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ъу, ъоу

{| class="wikitable"  

|- style="font-weight:bold;"

|+ '''Consonants'''

! rowspan="13" style="font-weight:normal;" |

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Phoneme

! style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | Glyph(s)

| [m]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [θ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ

| [n]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [s]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | с

| [ŋ]

| нг

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʃ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ш

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ç, χ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | х

| [tʰ]

| т

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [v]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | в

|-

| ч

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ð]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ѳ, þ

|-

| [kʰ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [z]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | з

|-

| б

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʝ, ʁ]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | г, л, ԯ, ӆ

| д

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [r]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | р

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [l]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | л, ль

|-

| [ɡ]

| ґ, г

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [j]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | й

|-

| [f]

| ф

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [w]

| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ў, в

 

==Grammar==

===Syntax===

Jovlish exhibits [[w:Subject–object–verb word order|subject–object–verb]] (SOV) word order by default, though in practice its word order is relatively flexible:

** <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Mişal}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s}}</span><span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|zē}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Mişal</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">s</span><span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">zē</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Mişal</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>"

** <span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|n}}</span><span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|zē}}</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|Mişal}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s}}</span><span style="background-color:#adffa6">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|bók}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">n</span><span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">zē</span> <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Mişal</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">s</span><span style="background-color:#adffa6">bók</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">Mişal</span> <span style="background-color:#a6f6ff">did not</span> <span style="background-color:#ffd9a6">read</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">his</span> <span style="background-color:#adffa6">book</span>"

 

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Masculine

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Feminine

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nominative<br>(Disjunctive)

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Reflexive

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|māz}}<br />''māz''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|hāz}}<br />''hāz''

| colspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ens}}<br />''ens''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|űs}}<br />''űs''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|józ}}<br />''józ''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|űz}}<br />''űz''

|-

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Standalone genitive

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|me}}<br />''me''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|he}}<br />''he''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|es}}<br />''es''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|er}}<br />''er''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ar}}<br />''ar''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jor}}<br />''jor''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|űr}}<br />''űr''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Genitive clitic

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|m-}}<br />''m-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|h-}}<br />''h-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s-}}<br />''s-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|er-}}<br />''er-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ar-}}<br />''ar-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jor-}}<br />''jor-''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|űr-}}<br />''űr-''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique clitic

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-em}}<br />''-em''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-eh}}<br />''-eh''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-en}}<br />''-en''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ej}}<br />''-ej''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-es}}<br />''-es''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-eh}}<br />''-eh''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ev}}<br />''-ev''

 

=====Demonstrative pronouns=====

Demonstratives decline similarly to pronouns, except they retain full accusative and dative forms alongside the enclitics.

|+ '''Proximal demonstratives (''this, these'')'''

! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | Singular

! rowspan="2" style="width:70px;" | Plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Accusative

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|hezn}}<br />''hezn''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Genitive

| colspan="3" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|hes}}<br />''hes''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dative

| colspan="3" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|hős}}<br />''hős''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique clitic

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ehe}}<br />''-ehe''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ehi}}<br />''-ehi''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-eho}}<br />''-eho''

|+ '''Distal demonstratives (''that, those'')'''

! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |

! colspan="2" | Singular

! rowspan="2" style="width:70px;" | Plural

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nominative

| colspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jon}}<br />''jon''

| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jön}}<br />''jön''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Accusative

| colspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jön}}<br />''jön''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Genitive

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jons}}<br />''jons''

| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jor}}<br />''jor''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jor}}<br />''jor''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dative

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jone}}<br />''jone''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jone}}<br />''jone''

! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique clitic

| colspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ejo}}<br />''-ejo''

| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-ejö}}<br />''-ejö''

 

=====Interrogative pronouns=====

Interrogative pronouns also decline in a similar manner, this time lacking enclitic forms althogether.