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| state            = [[w:Hawaiian Islands|Konuku]]
| state            = [[w:Hawaiian Islands|Konuku]]
| speakers        = ~300
| speakers        = ~300
| familycolor      = Sino-Tibetian
| date            = 2007
| familycolor      = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2            = [[w:Sino-Tibetan|Sino-Tibetan]]
| fam2            = [[w:Sino-Tibetan|Sino-Tibetan]]
| fam3            = [[w:Sinitic|Sinitic]]
| fam3            = [[w:Sinitic|Sinitic]]
Line 12: Line 13:
| script          = {{ubl|[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Hawaiian alphabet]])|[[Hawaiian Braille]]}}
| script          = {{ubl|[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Hawaiian alphabet]])|[[Hawaiian Braille]]}}
| map2            = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
| map2            = Lang Status 20-CR.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}
| mapcaption2      = {{center|Hawaiian is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[w:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ''[[w:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|[koːnukuːnə]}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|[koːnukuːnə]}}
|setting          = Alt-history [[w:Hawaii|Hawaii]]]
|created          = 2025
|creator          = [[User:The Ramosian|The Ramosian]]
|script1          = [[w:Hawaiian Alphabet|Latin]]
}}
}}
Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a Sinitic language spoken in Hawaii.
Konukuian (Konukuian: Kōnukūna) is a critically endangered language of the Sinitic language family that takes its name from [[w:Hawai'i|Konuku]], the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
==Name==
The Konukuian language takes its name from the largest island in the Konukuian archipelago, Konuku. Linguists suggest it comes from Old Chinese 東島 /*toːŋ/ /*tuːwʔ/
==Family and origin==
Konukuian is a member of the Sinitic language family and is related to languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien.
==History==
==Orthography==
{{Main|w:Hawaiian alphabet}}
==Phonology==
{{Main|w:Hawaiian phonology}}
==Grammar==
Konukuian, like most Sinitic is an analytic language with [[w:Subject–verb–object word order|subject-verb–object]] word order.
===Verbs===
====Aspect and Mood====
Konikuian verbs can be analytically marked with particles to indicate aspect and mood.
Below is a list of common Aspect, and Mood Markers
*  Perfective: {{sc|pref}} ''ulu'', from OC {{lang|och|矣}}
*  Imperfective: {{sc|imperf}} ''ʻo'', from OC {{lang|och|恆}}
*  Infinitive: {{sc|inf}} ''lu'', from OC {{lang|och|以}}
*  Intentive: {{sc|int}} ''ka'', from OC {{lang|och|將}}
*  Present progressive: {{sc|pres.prog}} ''ʻua'', from OC {{lang|och|于}}
*  Imperative: {{sc|imp}} ''a'', from OC {{lang|och|做}}
*  Prohibitive: {{sc|proh}} ''mo'', from OC {{lang|och|毋}}
 
===Nouns===
===Pronouns===
Konukuian has a set of personal pronouns that distinguish person and number, and show different forms depending on their grammatical function (subject, object, possessive). It also notably preserves a distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person plural pronouns, a feature less common in many modern Sinitic languages but attested in some Sinitic varieties and other Sino-Tibetan branches.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personal pronouns
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Function
|-
!Subject Form<br/>(Nominative)
!Possessive Form<br/>(Genitive)
!Object Form<br/>(Accusative)
|-
! rowspan="3" |Singular
(1)
! colspan="2" |1st (I)
|{{lang|kkn|nā}} ({{lang|och|吾}})
|{{lang|kkn|nāko}} ({{lang|och|吾之}})
|{{lang|kkn|ne}} ({{lang|och|我}})
|-
! colspan="2" |2nd (you)
|{{lang|kkn|nū}} ({{lang|och|你}})
|{{lang|kkn|nūko}} ({{lang|och|你之}})
|{{lang|kkn|nē}} ({{lang|och|汝}})
|-
! colspan="2" |3rd (he/she/it)
|{{lang|kkn|ʻā}} ({{lang|och|它}})
|{{lang|kkn|ʻīko}} ({{lang|och|伊之}})
|{{lang|kkn|ʻī}} ({{lang|och|伊}})
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plural
(2+)
! rowspan="2" |1st (we)
!incl.<br/>(you & I)
|{{lang|kkn|hiʻa}} ({{lang|och|咱}})
|{{lang|kkn|hiʻa ko}} ({{lang|och|咱之}})
|{{lang|kkn|nehiʻa}} ({{lang|och|我咱}})
|-
!excl.<br/>(I, not you)
|{{lang|kkn|puliʻa}} ({{lang|och|弗咱}})
|{{lang|kkn|puliʻa ko}} ({{lang|och|弗咱之}})
|{{lang|kkn|punēliʻa}} ({{lang|och|弗汝咱}})
|-
! colspan="2" |2nd (you plural)
|{{lang|kkn|nūʻu}} ({{lang|och|你等}})
|{{lang|kkn|nūʻu ko}} ({{lang|och|你等之}})
|{{lang|kkn|nēʻu}} ({{lang|och|汝等}})
|-
! colspan="2" |3rd (they)
|{{lang|kkn|ʻāu}} ({{lang|och|它等}})
|{{lang|kkn|ʻāu ko}} ({{lang|och|它等之}})
|{{lang|kkn|ʻīku}} ({{lang|och|伊等}})
|}
''Note: The distinction between subject, possessive, and object forms is similar to some patterns found in early Chinese and some modern Sinitic dialects, rather than a typical Indo-European case system. The possessive form is often constructed using the genitive particle ''ko'', possibly related to {{lang|och|之}}.''
 
===Demonstratives===
===Articles===
Articles are categorized into two categories, which are definite and indefinite. The indefinite article in Konikuian is not written but the definite articles has two forms:
*'''he''' ''SG'' from OC 此 /*sʰeʔ/
*''''e''' ''PL'' from OC 多 /*[t.l]ˤaj/
 
==Vocabulary Comparison==
Unlike a majority of Sinitic languages, a majority a Konukuian's vocabulary consists of at least two [[w:mora (linguistics)|moras]]. Many Konikuian words have cognates in other Chinese varieties. As compared to Mandarin, Konikuian prefer to use the monosyllabic form of words, without suffixes.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Meaning
!Old Chinese
!Konikuian
!Mandarin
!Cantonese
!Hokkien
!Wu
|-
|'I'
| 吾 *ŋa || nā
|wú|| ng4
|ngô͘
|<sup>6</sup>ngu
|-
|'you'
| 你 *nɯʔ ||nū
|nǐ
|nei5
|lí
|<sup>1</sup>ni
|-
|'one'
| 一 *qliɡ || 'uli
|yī|| jat1
|it
|<sup>7</sup>iq
|-
|'two'
| 二 *njijs || nī
|èr|| ji6
|jī
|<sup>6</sup>gni
|-
|'three'
| 三 *sum || hū
|sān|| saam1
|saⁿ
|<sup>1</sup>se
|-
|'four'
|四 *hljids
|lila
|sì
|sei3
|sì
|<sup>5</sup>sy
|-
|'five'
|五 *ŋaʔ
|nā
|wǔ
|ng5
|gō͘
|<sup>6</sup>ng
|-
|'six'
|六 *C-rjuk
|lu'u
|liù
|luk6
|la̍k
|<sup>8</sup>loq
|-
|'sun'
|日 *njit
|ni'i
|rì
|jat6
|li̍t
|<sup>8</sup>gniq
|-
|'name'
|名 *mjeŋ
|mie
|míng
|ming4
|miâ
|<sup>6</sup>min
|-
|'ear'
|耳 *njəʔ
|no'u
|ěr
|ji5
|hī
|<sup>6</sup>gni
|-
|'god'
|神 *Cə.li[n]
|holi
|shén
|san4
|sîn
|<sup>6</sup>zen
|-
|'fish'
|魚 *ŋja
|ni'a
|yú
|jyu2
|hî
|<sup>6</sup>ng
|-
|'air'
|氣 *C.qʰəp-s
|kūla
|qì
|hei3
|khì
|<sup>5</sup>chi
|-
|'bird'
|鳥 *tˤiwʔ
|kiu
|niǎo
|niu5
|chiáu
|<sup>5</sup>tiau
|-
|'death'
|死 *sijʔ
|hi
|sǐ
|sei2
|sí
|<sup>5</sup>shi
|}
 
==Samples==
==See Also==
==Notes and References==
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]][[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Artlangs]][[Category:A posteriori]][[Category:Mimiconlangs]]
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