Rulhilli: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Consonants | |+ Old Rulhilli Consonants | ||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] pʰ || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] bʱ || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] tʰ || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] dʱ || [[w:Voiceless retroflex stop|ʈ]] ʈʰ || [[w:Voiced retroflex stop|ɖ]] ɖʱ || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] t͡ɕʰ || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|d͡ʑ]] d͡ʑʱ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] kʰ || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] gʱ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || || ([[w:Glottal fricative|h]]) || [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]] | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Modern Rulhilli Consonants | |||
|- | |- | ||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ||
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| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]] | | colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |||
*Old Rulhilli /s/ is realized as [h] word-finally. | |||
*/ɳ/ only occurs in loanwords. | |||
**In Old Rulhilli /l/ only occurs in loanwords. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Old Rulhilli Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː ĩ ĩː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː ũ ũː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ː | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Vowels | |+ Modern Rulhilli Vowels | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ||
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! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | ! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | ||
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ | | [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ | ||
|} | |||
|} | |||
{| style="background: none" | |||
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Old Rulhilli Diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
| ɐi aːi || ɐu ɑːu | |||
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Old Rulhilli Syllabic Consonants | |||
|- | |||
| r̩ r̩ː || n̩ n̩ː | |||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
* | *Modern nasal vowels may be short or long in free variation. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||