Verse:Mwail/Quququqquq: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

In [[Verse:~~Angai~~|~~Angai~~]], '''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ''ä ü'' and low, Romanized ''a u''). It originated in the island nation of Quqqaäa (lit. 'the Commons', pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English). Today it is the official language of Quqqaäa, Aqqaüqüququq (lit. 'Society of Friends'), and the Alliance.

|image =

|imagesize =

|creator =

|name = Quququqquq

|nativename = quququqquq qaqqaäa

|pronunciation=kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ

|setting = [[Verse:Mwail]]

|region =

|speakers=1.5 billion

|date=2025

|familycolor=austronesian

|fam1=[[Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages|Irenesian]]

|fam2=[[Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]

|fam3=[[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]

|fam4=Quququqquqqic

|fam5=Old Quququqquq

|iso3=

|official=

|notice=IPA

}}

'''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ''ä ü'' and low, Romanized ''a u'').

Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.

~~Quququqquq is the lingua franca of modern Angai.~~

== Todo ==

~~Needs more ü ä~~

auääuauüuauüq - a word like õueaiaäär

~~== Quqqaäa ==~~

~~The official name of the country is ''Quqqaäau Uqaqaüquaqquq'' (Republic of the Commons).~~

~~[[File:Quqqaäa.png|thumbnail]]~~

~~== Aqqaüqüququq ==~~

== History ==

Line 37:

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# '''allative''': 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'

# '''adessive''': 'at, by, next to'

#* ''X-ADE ~~qaü~~ Y-NOM'' is used for 'X has Y': ''Qauaqqüqua ~~qaü~~ qüqququqau'' 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'

#* ''X-ADE qau Y-NOM'' is used for 'X has Y': ''Qauaqqüqua qau qüqququqau'' 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'

# '''ablative''': 'from; a person ~~from whom~~ something is taken, stolen, etc. from'

# '''ablative''': 'from; a person who something is taken, stolen, etc. from'

# '''translative''': 'becoming X'

# '''terminative''': 'as far as a location, until/by a certain point in time' (Korean -까지)

# '''durative''': 'at (temporal), during'

# '''essive''': 'being X'

# '''exessive''': 'becoming something else than X'

# '''comitative''': 'together with X'

# '''abessive''': 'without X'

# '''instructive''': 'using X'

==== Inflection ====

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* II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)

* III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in ''-qa''; never ends in -q)

* IV: partitive plural (~~always ends in -q; sometimes~~ III+q but not always)

* IV: partitive plural (often III+q but not always)

Some partitive plurals have vowel alternations:

-a -> -ü

-ä -> -u

-u -> -ä

-ü -> -a

Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:

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=== Verbs ===

~~TODO~~: Do verbs have ~~principal parts?~~

Unlike nouns and adjectives, most verbs have an unchanging stem. There are only two irregular verbs in the language: ''qaüqa'' 'to be' and ''quüqquqa'' 'to go'.

Quququqquq verbs have several differences from those of Standard Average European:

* verbs are negated using a negative verb that marks TAM

* emphatic forms are used to emphasize the subject, instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)

* impersonal forms are used instead of the passive voice

Infinitives end in ''-uqa'' or ''-üqa'' depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the 2sg imperative except in irregular verbs.

~~Quququqquq~~ verbs ~~have several differences from Standard Average European~~:

The suffix ''-uqqaqq'' can optionally be added to plural verb forms. The pragmatics of ''-uqqaqq'' varies by dialect.

* negative ~~verb that marks TAM~~

==== Regular ''-uqa'' verbs ====

* emphatic forms instead of subject pronouns (cf. ~~Old Irish)~~

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"

* impersonal ~~forms~~

|+

''quqüäq-uqa'' 'to write'

|-

! colspan="10" | indicative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood

|-

!colspan="2"|

! colspan="2" | nonpast

! colspan="2" | past

! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic

! colspan="2" | past emphatic

|-

! per. || no.

! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.

| quqüäq'''au''' || '''äau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || -

|-

! 2nd

| quqüäq'''u''' || '''äu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''a''' || '''äua''' quqüäq'''a'''

|-

! 3rd

| quqüäq'''uq''' || '''äa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.

| quqüäq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quqüäq'''a'''

|-

! 2nd

| quqüäq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qü''' || '''äuqü''' quqüäq'''a'''

|-

! 3rd

| quqüäq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''

|-

! colspan="2" | impersonal

| quqüäq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quqüäq'''qua''' || '''äuqua''' quqüäq'''a'''

|}

~~Infinitives end~~ in ''-~~uqa~~'' or ''-~~üqa~~'' ~~depending on the verb~~. The ~~connegative form (the form used after the negative verb)~~ is ~~always identical to the imperative~~.

==== Regular ''-üqa'' verbs ====

''-üqa'' results from assimilation of a stem ending in ''-u-'' + ''-uqa''. The rule ''u-u'' -> ''ü'' is applied whenever a suffix begins with ''u''.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"

|+

''~~quqüäquqa~~'' 'to ~~write~~'

''auäqq-üqa'' 'to dig'

|-

! colspan="10" | indicative mood

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|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.

| ~~quqüäqau~~ || äau ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqää~~ || äqqau ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqauqqa~~ || äqauqqa ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqääuqqa~~ || äqqauqqa ~~quqüä~~ || - || -

| auäqq'''uau''' || '''äau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uauqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || -

|-

! 2nd

| ~~quqüäqu~~ || äu ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäqu~~ || äqqu ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqqä~~ || äqäqqä ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäqqä~~ || äqqäqqä ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüä~~ || äua ~~quqüä~~

| auäqq'''ü''' || '''äu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqä''' || '''äqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''ua''' || '''äua''' auäqq'''ua'''

|-

! 3rd

| ~~quqüäquq~~ || äa ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqä~~ || äqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäquqqa~~ || äqaquqqa ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäqqa~~ || äqqaqqa ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqaa~~ || ~~äuqaa quqüä~~

| auäqq'''üq''' || '''äa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uä''' || '''äqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.

| ~~quqüäqaüq~~ || äqaüq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäaüq~~ || äqqauq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqaüquqq~~ || äqaüquqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäaüquqq~~ || äqqaüquqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqaqaüq~~ || ~~äuqaqaüq quqüä~~

| auäqq'''uaüq''' || '''äqaüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uaüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' auäqq'''ua'''

|-

! 2nd

| ~~quqüäququq~~ || äququq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäuquq~~ || äqququq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäquququqq~~ || äquququqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäuququqq~~ || äqquququqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqaquq~~ || ~~äuqaquq quqüä~~

| auäqq'''üquq''' || '''äququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuquq''' || '''äqququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uü''' || '''äuqü''' auäqq'''ua'''

|-

! 3rd

| ~~quqüäqüüq~~ || äqüüq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäüüq~~ || äqqüüq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqüüquqq~~ || äqauqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäüüquqq~~ || äqqauqq ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqääq~~ || ~~äuqääq quqüä~~

| auäqq'''uüüq''' || '''äqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uüüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''

|-

! colspan="2" | impersonal

| ~~quqüäqua~~ || äqua ~~quqüä~~ || ~~quqüäqäua~~ || äqqua ~~quqüä~~ || - || - || - || - || ~~quqüäqaua~~ || äuqaua ~~quqüä~~

| auäqq'''üa''' || '''äqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäua''' || '''äqqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || - || - || - || auäqq'''uqua''' || '''äuqaua''' auäqq'''ua'''

|}

==== ''qaüqa'' 'to be' ====

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"

|+

''qaüqa'' 'to be'

|-

! colspan="10" | indicative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood

|-

!colspan="2"|

! colspan="2" | nonpast

! colspan="2" | past

! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic

! colspan="2" | past emphatic

|-

! per. || no.

! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.

| qauau || äau qaua || qauää || äqqau qaua || qauauqqa || äqauqqa qaua || qauääuqqa || äqqauqqa qaua || - || -

|-

! 2nd

| qaü || äu qaua || qauäqu || äqqu qaua || qauqä || äqäqqä qaua || qauäqqä || äqqäqqä qaua || qüu || äua qüu

|-

! 3rd

| qau || äa qaua || qauä || äqq qaua || qaüqqa || äqaquqqa qaua || qauäqqa || äqqaqqa qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.

| qauaüq || äqaüq qaua || qauäaüq || äqqauq qaua || qauaüquqq || äqaüquqq qaua || qauäaüquqq || äqqaüquqq qaua || qüuqaüq || äuqaüq qüu

|-

! 2nd

| qaüquq || äququq qaua || qauäuquq || äqququq qaua || qaüququqq || äquququqq qaua || qauäuququqq || äqquququqq qaua || qüuqü || äuqü qüu

|-

! 3rd

| qaüüq || äqüüq qaua || qauäüüq || äqqüüq qaua || qaüüquqq || äqauqq qaua || qauäüüquqq || äqqauqq qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu

|-

! colspan="2" | impersonal

| qaüa || äqua qaua || qauäua || äqqua qaua || - || - || - || - || qüuqua || äuqua qüu

|}

==== ''quüqquqa'' 'to go' ====

This verb uses the stem ''aqäaq-'' in the indicative mood and the stem ''quüqq-'' in the imperative mood.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"

|+

''quüqquqa'' 'to go'

|-

! colspan="10" | indicative mood

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood

|-

!colspan="2"|

! colspan="2" | nonpast

! colspan="2" | past

! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic

! colspan="2" | past emphatic

|-

! per. || no.

! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.

| aqäaq'''au''' || '''äau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || -

|-

! 2nd

| aqäaq'''u''' || '''äu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''a''' || '''äua''' quüqq'''a'''

|-

! 3rd

| aqäaq'''uq''' || '''äa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''

|-

! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.

| aqäaq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quüqq'''a'''

|-

! 2nd

| aqäaq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''ü''' || '''äuqü''' quüqq'''a'''

|-

! 3rd

| aqäaq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''

|-

! colspan="2" | impersonal

| aqäaq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quüqq'''ua''' || '''äuqua''' quüqq'''a'''

|}

=== Pronouns ===

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=== Derivation ===

== Phrasebook ==

* ''Uu.'' 'Yes.'

* ''Aäa.'' 'No.'

[[Category:Angai]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{List subpages}}
+{{Infobox language
-In [[Verse:Angai|Angai]], '''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ''ä ü'' and low, Romanized ''a u''). It originated in the island nation of Quqqaäa (lit. 'the Commons', pronounced /'kʊkə/ in English). Today it is the official language of Quqqaäa, Aqqaüqüququq (lit. 'Society of Friends'), and the Alliance.
+|image =
+|imagesize =
+|creator =
+|name = Quququqquq
+|nativename = quququqquq qaqqaäa
+|pronunciation=kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ
+|setting = [[Verse:Mwail]]
+|region =
+|speakers=1.5 billion
+|date=2025
+|familycolor=austronesian
+|fam1=[[Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages|Irenesian]]
+|fam2=[[Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]
+|fam3=[[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]
+|fam4=Quququqquqqic
+|fam5=Old Quququqquq
+|iso3=
+|official=
+|notice=IPA
+}}
+'''Quququqquq''' (/ku:ku:'kʊkkʊk/, natively ''quququqquq qaqqaäa'' /kùkùkùkːùk kàkːàáà/ [kʰùvūvūkūɰˀ kʰàkǣǽǣ]) is the most phonologically minimalistic [[Kawenic languages|Kawenic]] language, with just one consonant /k/, two vowels /u a/, and two tones (high, Romanized ''ä ü'' and low, Romanized ''a u'').
 Quququqquq grammar is mainly inspired by Finnic languages. Like Estonian, Quququqquq is a partially fusionalized agglutinative language with a large noun case system.
-Quququqquq is the lingua franca of modern Angai.
 == Todo ==
-Needs more ü ä
+auääuauüuauüq - a word like õueaiaäär
-== Quqqaäa ==
-The official name of the country is ''Quqqaäau Uqaqaüquaqquq'' (Republic of the Commons).
-[[File:Quqqaäa.png|thumbnail]]
-== Aqqaüqüququq ==
 == History ==
@@ Line 37: / Line 50: @@
 # '''allative''': 'towards; recipient of an act of giving'
 # '''adessive''': 'at, by, next to'
-#* ''X-ADE qaü Y-NOM'' is used for 'X has Y': ''Qauaqqüqua qaü qüqququqau'' 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
+#* ''X-ADE qau Y-NOM'' is used for 'X has Y': ''Qauaqqüqua qau qüqququqau'' 'Qauaqquq has a cuckoo'
-# '''ablative''': 'from; a person from whom something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
+# '''ablative''': 'from; a person who something is taken, stolen, etc. from'
+# '''translative''': 'becoming X'
+# '''terminative''': 'as far as a location, until/by a certain point in time' (Korean -까지)
+# '''durative''': 'at (temporal), during'
+# '''essive''': 'being X'
+# '''exessive''': 'becoming something else than X'
+# '''comitative''': 'together with X'
+# '''abessive''': 'without X'
+# '''instructive''': 'using X'
 ==== Inflection ====
@@ Line 45: / Line 66: @@
 * II: genitive singular (never ends in -q)
 * III: genitive plural (often but not always ends in ''-qa''; never ends in -q)
-* IV: partitive plural (always ends in -q; sometimes III+q but not always)
+* IV: partitive plural (often III+q but not always)
+Some partitive plurals have vowel alternations:
+-a -> -ü
+-ä -> -u
+-u -> -ä
+-ü -> -a
 Given principal parts nouns are declined as follows:
@@ Line 283: / Line 310: @@
 === Verbs ===
-TODO: Do verbs have principal parts?
+Unlike nouns and adjectives, most verbs have an unchanging stem. There are only two irregular verbs in the language: ''qaüqa'' 'to be' and ''quüqquqa'' 'to go'.
+Quququqquq verbs have several differences from those of Standard Average European:
+* verbs are negated using a negative verb that marks TAM
+* emphatic forms are used to emphasize the subject, instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
+* impersonal forms are used instead of the passive voice
+Infinitives end in ''-uqa'' or ''-üqa'' depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the 2sg imperative except in irregular verbs.
-Quququqquq verbs have several differences from Standard Average European:
+The suffix ''-uqqaqq'' can optionally be added to plural verb forms. The pragmatics of ''-uqqaqq'' varies by dialect.
-* negative verb that marks TAM
+==== Regular ''-uqa'' verbs ====
-* emphatic forms instead of subject pronouns (cf. Old Irish)
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
-* impersonal forms
+|+
+''quqüäq-uqa'' 'to write'
+|-
+! colspan="10" | indicative mood
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
+|-
+!colspan="2"|
+! colspan="2" | nonpast
+! colspan="2" | past
+! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
+! colspan="2" | past emphatic
+|-
+! per. || no.
+! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
+| quqüäq'''au''' || '''äau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || -
+|-
+! 2nd
+| quqüäq'''u''' || '''äu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''a''' || '''äua''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|-
+! 3rd
+| quqüäq'''uq''' || '''äa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
+| quqüäq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|-
+! 2nd
+| quqüäq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qü''' || '''äuqü''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|-
+! 3rd
+| quqüäq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''qaq''' || '''äuqaq''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|-
+! colspan="2" | impersonal
+| quqüäq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || quqüäq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' quqüäq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quqüäq'''qua''' || '''äuqua''' quqüäq'''a'''
+|}
-Infinitives end in ''-uqa'' or ''-üqa'' depending on the verb. The connegative form (the form used after the negative verb) is always identical to the imperative.
+==== Regular ''-üqa'' verbs ====
+''-üqa'' results from assimilation of a stem ending in ''-u-'' + ''-uqa''. The rule ''u-u'' -> ''ü'' is applied whenever a suffix begins with ''u''.
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
 |+
-''quqüäquqa'' 'to write'
+''auäqq-üqa'' 'to dig'
 |-
 ! colspan="10" | indicative mood
@@ Line 308: / Line 378: @@
 |-
 ! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
-| quqüäqau || äau quqüä || quqüäqää || äqqau quqüä || quqüäqauqqa || äqauqqa quqüä || quqüäqääuqqa || äqqauqqa quqüä || - || -
+| auäqq'''uau''' || '''äau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uauqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || -
 |-
 ! 2nd
-| quqüäqu || äu quqüä || quqüäqäqu || äqqu quqüä || quqüäqqä || äqäqqä quqüä || quqüäqäqqä || äqqäqqä quqüä || quqüä || äua quqüä
+| auäqq'''ü''' || '''äu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqqu'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqä''' || '''äqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''ua''' || '''äua''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |-
 ! 3rd
-| quqüäquq || äa quqüä || quqüäqä || äqq quqüä || quqüäquqqa || äqaquqqa quqüä || quqüäqäqqa || äqqaqqa quqüä || quqüäqaa || äuqaa quqüä
+| auäqq'''üq''' || '''äa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uä''' || '''äqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |-
 ! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
-| quqüäqaüq || äqaüq quqüä || quqüäqäaüq || äqqauq quqüä || quqüäqaüquqq || äqaüquqq quqüä || quqüäqäaüquqq || äqqaüquqq quqüä || quqüäqaqaüq || äuqaqaüq quqüä
+| auäqq'''uaüq''' || '''äqaüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uaüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |-
 ! 2nd
-| quqüäququq || äququq quqüä || quqüäqäuquq || äqququq quqüä || quqüäquququqq || äquququqq quqüä || quqüäqäuququqq || äqquququqq quqüä || quqüäqaquq || äuqaquq quqüä
+| auäqq'''üquq''' || '''äququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuquq''' || '''äqququq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''üququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uü''' || '''äuqü''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |-
 ! 3rd
-| quqüäqüüq || äqüüq quqüä || quqüäqäüüq || äqqüüq quqüä || quqüäqüüquqq || äqauqq quqüä || quqüäqäüüquqq || äqqauqq quqüä || quqüäqääq || äuqääq quqüä
+| auäqq'''uüüq''' || '''äqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uüüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uqaq''' || '''äuqaq''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |-
 ! colspan="2" | impersonal
-| quqüäqua || äqua quqüä || quqüäqäua || äqqua quqüä || - || - || - || - || quqüäqaua || äuqaua quqüä
+| auäqq'''üa''' || '''äqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || auäqq'''uäua''' || '''äqqua''' auäqq'''ua''' || - || - || - || - || auäqq'''uqua''' || '''äuqaua''' auäqq'''ua'''
 |}
 ==== ''qaüqa'' 'to be' ====
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
+|+
+''qaüqa'' 'to be'
+|-
+! colspan="10" | indicative mood
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
+|-
+!colspan="2"|
+! colspan="2" | nonpast
+! colspan="2" | past
+! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
+! colspan="2" | past emphatic
+|-
+! per. || no.
+! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
+| qauau || äau qaua || qauää || äqqau qaua || qauauqqa || äqauqqa qaua || qauääuqqa || äqqauqqa qaua || - || -
+|-
+! 2nd
+| qaü || äu qaua || qauäqu || äqqu qaua || qauqä || äqäqqä qaua || qauäqqä || äqqäqqä qaua || qüu || äua qüu
+|-
+! 3rd
+| qau || äa qaua || qauä || äqq qaua || qaüqqa || äqaquqqa qaua || qauäqqa || äqqaqqa qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
+| qauaüq || äqaüq qaua || qauäaüq || äqqauq qaua || qauaüquqq || äqaüquqq qaua || qauäaüquqq || äqqaüquqq qaua || qüuqaüq || äuqaüq qüu
+|-
+! 2nd
+| qaüquq || äququq qaua || qauäuquq || äqququq qaua || qaüququqq || äquququqq qaua || qauäuququqq || äqquququqq qaua || qüuqü || äuqü qüu
+|-
+! 3rd
+| qaüüq || äqüüq qaua || qauäüüq || äqqüüq qaua || qaüüquqq || äqauqq qaua || qauäüüquqq || äqqauqq qaua || qüuqaq || äuqaq qüu
+|-
+! colspan="2" | impersonal
+| qaüa || äqua qaua || qauäua || äqqua qaua || - || - || - || - || qüuqua || äuqua qüu
+|}
+==== ''quüqquqa'' 'to go' ====
+This verb uses the stem ''aqäaq-'' in the indicative mood and the stem ''quüqq-'' in the imperative mood.
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
+|+
+''quüqquqa'' 'to go'
+|-
+! colspan="10" | indicative mood
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | imperative mood
+|-
+!colspan="2"|
+! colspan="2" | nonpast
+! colspan="2" | past
+! colspan="2" | nonpast emphatic
+! colspan="2" | past emphatic
+|-
+! per. || no.
+! affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative || affirmative || negative
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | sg.
+| aqäaq'''au''' || '''äau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ää''' || '''äqqau''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''auqqa''' || '''äqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ääuqqa''' || '''äqqauqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || -
+|-
+! 2nd
+| aqäaq'''u''' || '''äu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqu''' || '''äqqu''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''qä''' || '''äqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqä''' || '''äqqäqqä''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''a''' || '''äua''' quüqq'''a'''
+|-
+! 3rd
+| aqäaq'''uq''' || '''äa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''ä''' || '''äqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uqqa''' || '''äqaquqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äqqa''' || '''äqqaqqa''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''
+|-
+! 1st || rowspan="3" | pl.
+| aqäaq'''aüq''' || '''äqaüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüq''' || '''äqqauq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''aüquqq''' || '''äqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äaüquqq''' || '''äqqaüquqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aüq''' || '''äuqaüq''' quüqq'''a'''
+|-
+! 2nd
+| aqäaq'''uquq''' || '''äququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuquq''' || '''äqququq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''uququqq''' || '''äquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äuququqq''' || '''äqquququqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''ü''' || '''äuqü''' quüqq'''a'''
+|-
+! 3rd
+| aqäaq'''üüq''' || '''äqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüq''' || '''äqqüüq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''üüquqq''' || '''äqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äüüquqq''' || '''äqqauqq''' aqäaq'''a''' || quüqq'''aq''' || '''äuqaq''' quüqq'''a'''
+|-
+! colspan="2" | impersonal
+| aqäaq'''ua''' || '''äqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || aqäaq'''äua''' || '''äqqua''' aqäaq'''a''' || - || - || - || - || quüqq'''ua''' || '''äuqua''' quüqq'''a'''
+|}
 === Pronouns ===
@@ Line 338: / Line 486: @@
 === Derivation ===
 == Phrasebook ==
 * ''Uu.'' 'Yes.'
 * ''Aäa.'' 'No.'
 [[Category:Angai]]