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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The table below shows the 25 consonant phonemes found in Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.
The tables below show the consonant phonemes found in both Imperial and Common Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Imperial Vrkhazhian
|-
|-
! style="width: 8em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 8.8em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" style="width: 8em;" | Coronal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
Line 48: Line 49:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m
| /m/ ⟨'''m'''⟩
| n
| /n/ ⟨'''n'''⟩
|
|
| ŋ ⟨'''''n̮'''''⟩
| /ŋ/ ⟨'''ñ'''⟩
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiceless
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiceless
| p
| /p/ ⟨'''p'''⟩
| t
| /t/ ⟨'''t'''⟩
|
|
| k
| /k/ ⟨'''k'''⟩
| rowspan="3" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩  
| rowspan="3" | /ʔ/ ⟨'''ʾ'''⟩  
|-
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
| pʼ ⟨'''''ṗ'''''⟩
| /pʼ/ ⟨'''ṗ'''⟩
| tʼ ⟨'''''ṭ'''''⟩
| /tʼ/ ⟨'''ṭ'''⟩
|
|
| kʼ ⟨'''''ḳ'''''⟩
| /kʼ/ ⟨'''ḳ'''⟩
|-
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiced
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiced
| b
| /b/ ⟨'''b'''⟩
| d
| /d/ ⟨'''d'''⟩
|
|
| g
| /g/ ⟨'''g'''⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Fricative
! rowspan="3" | Fricative
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiceless
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiceless
| f
| /f/ ⟨'''f'''⟩
| s
| /s/ ⟨'''s'''⟩
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩
| /ɬ/ ⟨'''ś'''⟩
| x ⟨'''''ḫ'''''⟩
| /x/ ⟨'''ḫ'''⟩
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
|
|
| sʼ ⟨'''''ṣ'''''⟩
| /sʼ/ ⟨'''ṣ'''⟩
| ɬʼ ⟨'''''ṣ́'''''⟩
| /ɬʼ/ ⟨'''ṣ́'''⟩
|
|
|  
|  
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! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiced
! style="font-size: smaller" | Voiced
|
|
| z
| /z/ ⟨'''z'''⟩
| ɮ ⟨'''''ź'''''⟩
| /ɮ/ ⟨'''ź'''⟩
|
|
|  
|  
Line 98: Line 99:
! colspan="2" | Liquid
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
|
| r
| /r/ ⟨'''r'''⟩
| l
| /l/ ⟨'''l'''⟩
|  
|  
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| w
| /w/ ⟨'''w'''⟩
|
|
|
|
| j ⟨'''''y'''''⟩
| /j/ ⟨'''y'''⟩
|
|-
|}
 
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Common Vrkhazhian
|-
! style="width: 8.8em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="3" style="width: 12em;" | Coronal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Plain
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Sibilant
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Lateral
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| /m/ ⟨'''m'''⟩
| /n/ ⟨'''n'''⟩
|
|
| /ŋ/ ⟨'''ñ'''⟩
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! style="font-size: smaller" | Tenuis
| /p/ ⟨'''b'''⟩
| /t/ ⟨'''d'''⟩
| /t͡s/ ⟨'''z'''⟩
| /t͡ɬ/ ⟨'''ź'''⟩
| /k/ ⟨'''g'''⟩
| rowspan="2" | /ʔ/ ⟨'''ʾ'''⟩
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Aspirated
| /pʰ/ ⟨'''p'''⟩
| /tʰ/ ⟨'''t'''⟩
| /t͡sʰ/ ⟨'''c'''⟩
| /t͡ɬʰ/ ⟨'''ć'''⟩
| /kʰ/ ⟨'''k'''⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| /f/ ⟨'''f'''⟩
|
| /s/ ⟨'''s'''⟩
| /ɬ/ ⟨'''ś'''⟩
| /x/ ⟨'''ḫ'''⟩
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
| /r/ ⟨'''r'''⟩
|
| /l/ ⟨'''l'''⟩
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| /w/ ⟨'''w'''⟩
|
|
|
| /j/ ⟨'''y'''⟩
|  
|  
|-
|-
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! 1st
! 1st
| ''āni''
| ''āni''
| ''ānan''
| ''ānin''
| ''tunni''
| ''tunni''
| ''tunnan''
| ''tunnin''
| ''nīya''
| ''nīya''
| ''nāyan''
| ''nīyan''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ni''
| ''-nan''
| ''-nin''
| ''-nisi''
| ''-nisi''
| ''-nasin''
| ''-nisin''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ni''
| ''-nan''
| ''-nin''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''āmi''
| ''āmi''
| ''āman''
| ''āmin''
| ''tummi''
| ''tummi''
| ''tumman''
| ''tummin''
| ''mīya''
| ''mīya''
| ''māyan''
| ''mīyan''
| ''-mi''
| ''-mi''
| ''-man''
| ''-min''
| ''-misi''
| ''-misi''
| ''-masin''
| ''-misin''
| ''-mi''
| ''-mi''
| ''-man''
| ''-min''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''āsi''
| ''āsi''
| ''āsan''
| ''āsin''
| ''tussi''
| ''tussi''
| ''tussan''
| ''tussin''
| ''kīya''
| ''kīya''
| ''kāyan''
| ''kīyan''
| ''-ti''
| ''-ti''
| ''-tan''
| ''-tin''
| ''-tisi''
| ''-tisi''
| ''-tasin''
| ''-tisin''
| ''-ki''
| ''-ki''
| ''-kan''
| ''-kin''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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