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Ceticilian Cet: Difference between revisions

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Ceticilian Cet is a variant of [[Cet]] specifically developed for and maintained by a community called Ceticilia. It is supposed to be a compact, fairly logical and culturally important language to be used in Ceticilia for both cultural and procedural issues. Its vocabulary is mostly derived from West Germanic roots, with a few loanwords from Turkish, Arabic, Hungarian and grammar inspired mostly by that of Hungarian and Turkish.
Ceticilian Cet is a variant of [[Cet]] specifically developed for and maintained by a community called Ceticilia. It is supposed to be a compact, fairly logical and culturally important language to be used in Ceticilia for both cultural and procedural issues. Its vocabulary is mostly derived from West Germanic roots, with a few loanwords from Turkish, Arabic, Hungarian and grammar inspired mostly by that of Hungarian and Turkish.


-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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|-
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
|-
! [[w:sibilant consonant|Sibilant]]
! [[w:sibilant consonant|Sibilant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
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|}
|}


Vowel inventory
===Alphabet===
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation


-->
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"θ
===Orthography===
! colspan="100%" | Letters of the Ceticilian alphabet
===Consonants===
|-
| Aa || Áá || Bb || Cc || Čč || Dd || Ðð || Ee || Éé || Ëë || Ff || Gg || Hh || Ii || Íí || Jj || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Ŋŋ || Ňň || Oo || Óó || Pp || Qq || Rr || Ss || Šš || Tt || Þþ || Uu || Úú || Vv || Ww || Xx || Yy || Zz || Žž
|-
| ä || ɑː || b || t͡s~k || t͡ʃ || d || ð || ɛ || ɛɪ || ə || f || ɡ || h~x || ɪ || iː || d͡ʒ || k || l || m || n || ŋ || ɲ || ɔ || ɔʊ || p || kw || r || s || ʃ || t || θ || ʊ || uː || v || w || ks || j || z || ʒ
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
! !! colspan="3" | Short !! colspan="2" | Long
|-
!
! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Cent.]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| ɪ || || ʊ ||  iː || uː
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| ɛ || ə || ɔ || ɛɪ || ɔʊ
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="3" | ä || ai || ɑː
|}
 
<!--===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
====Intonation====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
-->
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Ceticilian Cet's morphology is highly agglutinative, rendering smooth transitions between adjectives, nouns and verbs. Parts of speech may take on each other's role by affixation and word order.


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
==Grammar==


Nouns
===Pronouns===
Adjectives
Because of polypersonal agreement in Cet, pronouns are seldom needed in written form.
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology


-->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st
| men
| më
|-
! 2nd
| sen
| së
|-
! 3rd
| on(æ/ë)
| në
|-
! 4th
| ol(æ/ë) || lë
|-
! 1st + 2nd
| colspan="100%" | mes
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st
| -ë
| -ën
|-
! 2nd
| -æ
| -æn
|-
! 3rd
| -
| -n
|-
! 4th
| -t
| -ton/ten
|-
! 1/2
| colspan="2" | -r
|}


==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
The most basic word order of Ceticilian Cet is Subject-Predicate-Object. Unlike English, the word order remains in questions and most relative clauses. Pronouns may be omitted in both subject and object position, if permitted by redundancy in the predicate.
===Verb phrase===
 
===Sentence phrase===
===Cases===
===Dependent clauses===
Case endings marked in '''bold''' are required to replace the vowel of the root words with their own in case that word ends in a vowel sound.<br>
<!-- etc. etc. -->
Case endings with a () around a vowel may have that vowel omitted if easily pronounceable.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center";
|+ Case suffixes
|-
! Case !! Front !! Back !!  Meaning
|-
| Nominative || - || - || Subject
|-
| Accusative || - || - || Direct object
|-
| Genitive || -(e)s || -(o)s || Possessor, Relation
|-
| Instrumental || -(e)m || -(o)m || Using
|-
| Vocative || colspan="2"| '''-a''' || Calling a name
|-
| Dative || -(e)t || -(o)t || Recipient, Direction to
|-
| Ablative || '''-ex''' || '''-ox''' || Sender, Direction from
|-
| Adessive || '''-é''' || '''-ó''' || By something or someone
|-
| Perlative || '''-í''' || '''-ú''' || Through something, Via
|-
| Locative || -(e)n || -(o)n || In something, on something
|}
 
Most of these cases can also act as verbs by adding a personal pronoun suffix. For example: "I sit down" can be rendered as "síttë" (seat + to + 1st person singular).
 
===Tenses===
In their most basic form, the tenses of Ceticilian Cet are derived from noun cases regarding motion to and from. On top of the basic tenses there are a few grammatical aspects specifying how verbs act over time.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tense-Aspect pairs
|-
! || Past || Present || Future
|-
! Simple
| -ex/-ox
| -
| -(e)t/(o)t
|-
! Progressive
| -eŋx/oŋx
| -ŋ-
| -teŋ/toŋ
|-
! Habitual
| -z
| -h-
| -het/hot
|}
 
===Mood===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Mood affixes
|-
! Name || Affix || Meaning
|-
! colspan="100%" | Realis
|-
| Indicative || - || Reality as perceived
|-
| Gnomic || -a || Aphorisms
|-
| Evidential sensory || -s || Seen or heard firsthand
|-
| Inferential || -h || Heard
|-
! colspan="100%" | Irrealis
|-
| Hortative || l(e)/l(o)- || Encouragement
|-
| Jussive || h(e)/h(o)- || Command
|-  
| Permissive || m(e)/m(o)- || Permission
|-
| Dynamic || k(e)/k(o)- || Ability
|}


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
 
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|-
! Fársa !! ðat !! skínæ !! hehælg !! namæs !! hakom !! kingia !! hewilæs !! erþen !! as !! skín !! hoj !! mët !! dag bródëns !! a !! klæ !! šuldëns !! as !! klæën !! ðat !! mëm !! šuldom !! a !! haloktot më !! ðó !! ílex më !! as !! sens !! kingia, macht, pracht !! altíd !! Amín
|-
| O! Our parent || that (is) || in sky || may holy (be) || your name || may come || kingdom || may your will (act) || on Earth || as || in sky || today || to us (excl.) || daily; our bread || (linking) || clear || our blame || as || we clear || that || with us || with blame || (linking) || may (you) not into temptation lead us || though || keep ill away from us || as || yours || the kingdom, might, glory || always || Amen
|}
 
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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