Gwapyeo: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Gwapyeo's phonology is quite similar to that of Modern Korean, with some subtle differences. The main notable difference is the absence of tense consonants, yielding only a two-way distinction for plosives, between aspirated and plain plosives. The biggest divergence from modern Korean vowel-wise is the presence of the phoneme /ɒ/, also found in the [[w:Jeju_language|Jeju language]] | Gwapyeo's phonology is quite similar to that of Modern Korean, with some subtle differences. The main notable difference is the absence of tense consonants, yielding only a two-way distinction for plosives, between aspirated and plain plosives. The biggest divergence from modern Korean vowel-wise is the presence of the phoneme /ɒ/, also found in the [[w:Jeju_language|Jeju language]]. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
| m ㅁ | | [m] ㅁ | ||
| n ㄴ | | [n] ㄴ | ||
| | | | ||
| ŋ ㅇ | | [ŋ] ㅇ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ||
! <small>aspirated</small> | ! <small>aspirated</small> | ||
| pʰ ㅍ | | [pʰ] ㅍ | ||
| tʰ ㅌ | | [tʰ] ㅌ | ||
| tɕʰ ㅊ | | [tɕʰ] ㅊ | ||
| kʰ ㅋ | | [kʰ] ㅋ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>plain</small> | ! <small>plain</small> | ||
| p ㅂ | | [p] ㅂ | ||
| t ㄷ | | [t] ㄷ | ||
| tɕ ㅈ | | [tɕ] ㅈ | ||
| k ㄱ | | [k] ㄱ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! <small>aspirated</small> | ! <small>aspirated</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| sʰ ㅅ | | [sʰ] ㅅ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| rowspan="2" | h ㅎ | | rowspan="2" | [h] ㅎ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>plain</small> | ! <small>plain</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| s ㅆ | | [s] ㅆ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! colspan="2" | Liquid | ! colspan="2" | Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
| l~ɾ ㄹ | | [l~ɾ] ㄹ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | ! colspan="2" | Approximant | ||
| w | | [w] | ||
| | | | ||
| j | | [j] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Most Gwapyeo speakers have eight vowels. All of them have short and long versions, the latter being marked with a coda ''ㅎ h''. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"; style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 160px; " | | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 80px; " | Front | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 80px; " | Back | |||
|- | |||
! Unrounded | |||
! Rounded | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| /i/ ㅣ | |||
| /ɯ/ ㅡ | |||
| /u/ ㅜ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| /e/ ㅔ | |||
| /ʌ/ ㅓ | |||
| /o/ ㅗ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| /a/ ㅏ | |||
| colspan="2" | /ɑ~ɒ/ㆍ | |||
|} | |||
====Front vowels==== | |||
The front vowels are extremely stable in the speech of older people, but they are the subject of multiple mergers in younger people's speech: | |||
* The most common of those mergers is between /i/ and /e/—both realised as [ɪ] or as either of the two original vowels. For example, one might pronounce 폫 (pyē) anywhere between /pjiː/, /pjɪː/ or /pjeː/. | |||
* In some dialects, the vowels /i/ and /ɯ/ sometimes merge into a single [ɨ] vowel. This merger usually doesn't occur alongside the previous one, except in a few scattered areas of southern Băngdan (ᄇᆞᆼ단), the southernmost region of Gwacho. For instance, the pronoun 킆 (keup) is pronounced somewhere around [kɨp] or even around [kep] for some people in Băngdan. | |||
====Back vowels==== | |||
The back unrounded vowels are often lower than their rounded equivalents. Due to this, the vowels /ɯ/ and /ʌ/ might also be transcribed as [ʊ̈] and [ɘ] respectively. | |||