Linguifex

Mirmio: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Bilabial
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |Coronal
! colspan="2" |[[w:Coronal_consonant|Coronal]]
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |Guttural
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]
|-
|-
!Plain
!Plain
!Labialized
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
!Plain
!Plain
!Labialized
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |Nasal
! colspan="3" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|m (m)
|[[w:ʲ|mʲ]]
|n̼ (n)
|[[w:Voiced_linguolabial_nasal|n̼]]
|
|
|ɲ (nj)
|[[w:IPA_ɲ|ɲ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Stop
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Stop_consonant|Stop]]
! colspan="2" |Aspirate
! colspan="2" |[[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|pʰ (p)
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|pʲʰ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|kʷʰ (kv)
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʷʰ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tenuis
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
!Median
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|p (b)
|[[w:ʲ|pʲ]]
|t͡ʃ (c)
|[[w:voiceless_alveopalatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|t͡ʃʷ (cv)
|[[w:whistled_sibilant|t͡σ̠]]
|
|
|k (kj)
|[[w:ʲ|kʲ]]
|kʷ (gv)
|[[w:labialization|kʷ]]
|ʔ (q)
|[[w:IPA_ʔ|ʔ]]
|-
|-
!Lateral
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|t͡ɬ (x)
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate|t͡ɬ]]
|t͡ɬʷ (xv)
|[[w:labialization|t͡ɬʷ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Fricative
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
!Median
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|
|
|θ̼ ð̼ (f d)
|[[w:θ̼|θ̼]] [[w:ð̼|ð̼]]
|
|
|ç (hj)
|[[w:IPA_ç|ç]]
|x (h)
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|
|
|χ (kh)
|[[w:IPA_χ|χ]]
|-
|-
!Lateral
! colspan="2" |[[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|ɬ (l)
|[[w:IPA_ɬ|ɬ]]
|ɬʷ (lv)
|[[w:labialization|ɬʷ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Glide
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant_consonant|Approximant]]
!Median
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|ɥ (yv)
|[[w:IPA_ɥ|ɥ]]
|ɹ (rj)
|[[w:ʲ|ɹʲ]]
|
|
|j (y)
|[[w:IPA_j|j]]
|ɰ (g)
|[[w:IPA_ɰ|ɰ]]
|w (w)
|[[w:IPA_w|w]]
|
|
|-
|-
!Lateral
! colspan="2" |[[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|l (lj)
|[[w:ʲ|lʲ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |Flap
! colspan="3" |[[w:Flap_consonant|Flap]]
|
|
|ɽ (r)
|[[w:IPA_ɽ|ɽ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|}
|}ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V
/m pʰ p t͡ʃ t͡ʃʷ k ɹ l/ are phonetically [mʲ pʲʰ pʲ t͡ɕ t͡σ̠ kʲ ɹʲ lʲ].
 
ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V


t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_
t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_
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/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels.
/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!IPA
!/mʲ/
!/n̼/
!/ɲ/
!/pʲʰ/
!/kʷʰ/
!/pʲ/
!/t͡ɕ/
!/t͡σ̠/
!/kʲ/
!/kʷ/
!/ʔ/
!/t͡ɬ/
!/t͡ɬʷ/
!/θ̼/
!/ð̼/
!/ç/
!/x/
!/χ/
!/ɬ/
!/ɬʷ/
!/ɥ/
!/ɹʲ/
!/j/
!/ɰ/
!/w/
!/lʲ/
!/ɽ/
|-
!Romanization
|m
|n
|nj
|p
|kv
|b
|c
|cv
|kj
|gv
|q
|x
|xv
|f
|d
|hj
|h
|kh
|l
|lv
|wj
|rj
|y
|g
|w
|l
|r
|}
=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="6" |[[w:advanced_tongue_root|–RTR]]
! colspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="3" |[[w:retracted_tongue_root|+RTR]]
! colspan="3" |Back
|-
|-
!Oral
! colspan="2" |[[w:front_vowel|Front]]
!Nasal
! colspan="2" |[[w:Central_vowel|Central]]
!Oral
! colspan="2" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
!Nasal
!Oral
!Nasal
!+RTR
|-
|-
!High
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
|i (i)
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
|ĩ (ĩ)
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
|ʉ (ü)
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
|ʉ (û)
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
|u (u)
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
|ũ (ũ)
|u̙ (ŭ)
|-
|-
!Mid
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|e (e)
|[[w:IPA_i|i]]
|ẽ (ẽ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ĩ]]
|ɜ (ä)
|[[w:Close_central_rounded_vowel#Near-close_central_protruded_vowel|ᵿ]]
|ɜ̃ (â)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ᵿ̃]]
|o (o)
|[[w:IPA_ʊ|ʊ]]
|õ (õ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ʊ̃]]
|o̙ (ŏ)
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|ʊ̙]]
|-
|-
!Open
![[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
|a (a)
|[[w:IPA_e|e]]
|ã (ã)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ẽ]]
|[[w:IPA_ɜ|ɜ]]
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ɜ̃]]
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|[[w:nasal_vowel|õ]]
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|o̙]]
|-
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
|[[w:IPA_æ|æ]]
|[[w:nasal_vowel|æ̃]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a̙ (ă)
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|æ̙]]
|}
|}
/ʉ u u̙ o̙ a a̙/ and their nasal and tonal counterparts are phonetically [ʊ̈ ʊ ʊ̙ ɔ̙̈ æ æ̙].
/o̙/ and its tonal counterparts are phonetically [ɔ̙̈].


Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.
Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.


Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!IPA
!/i/
!/ĩ/
!/ᵿ/
!/ᵿ̃/
!/ʊ/
!/ʊ̃/
!/ʊ̙/
!/e/
!/ẽ/
!/ɜ/
!/ɜ̃/
!/o/
!/õ/
!/o̙/
!/æ/
!/æ̃/
!/æ̙/
|-
!Romanization
|i
|ĩ
|ü
|û
|u
|ũ
|ŭ
|e
|ẽ
|ä
|â
|o
|õ
|ŏ
|a
|ã
|ă
|}
=== Tones ===
=== Tones ===
There are four phonemic tones: rising (a’), falling (at), dipping (aj), and peaking (av), but there is also tonelessness (a). Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae.  
There are four phonemic tones: rising (as), falling (at), dipping (aj), and peaking (av), but there is also tonelessness (a). Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae.  


=== Morae ===
=== Morae ===
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