Gutisch Razde: Difference between revisions

VisualWikitext

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 Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.
+== Phonology ==
+=== Consonants ===
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 !
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 *In loanwords only
-The vowels of Gutisch are unusual for
+The vowel inventory of Gutisch is rather small for a Germanic language: it hosts only six different kinds of vowels, five of which can be lengthened.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
-|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
+|+ Vowel phonemes of Gutisch Razde
 !        !! Front !! Central !! Back
 |-
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 === Strong Masculine Stems ===
-{| class="wikitable"
+The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''dachs'' (day):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 ! Case !! Singular !! Plural
 |-
-| Nominative || razde || razdes
+! Nominative
+| dachs || dages
+|-
+! Accusative
+| dach || dagens
+|-
+! Dative
+| dage || dagem
+|-
+! Genitive
+| dages || dage
+|-
+|}
+=== Weak Masculine Stems ===
+Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''miene'' (moon):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+! Case !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| miene || mienens
+|-
+! Accusative
+| miene || mienens
+|-
+! Dative
+| mienen || mienem
+|-
+! Genitive
+| mienens || mienene
+|-
+|}
+=== Strong Feminine Stems ===
+Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, ''razde'' (language):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+! Case !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| razde || razdes
+|-
+! Accusative
+| razde || razdes
+|-
+! Dative
+| razde || razdem
+|-
+! Genitive
+| razdes || razde
+|-
+|}
+=== Weak Feminine Stems ===
+Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, ''tunge'' (tongue):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+! Case !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| tunge || tungens
+|-
+! Accusative
+| tungen || tungens
+|-
+! Dative
+| tungen || tungem
+|-
+! Genitive
+| tungens || tungene
+|-
+|}
+=== Strong Neuter Stems ===
+Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, ''broeth'' (bread):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+! Case !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| broeth || broede
+|-
+! Accusative
+| broeth || broede
+|-
+! Dative
+| broede || broedem
+|-
+! Genitive
+| broedes || broede
+|-
+|}
+=== Weak Neuter Stems ===
+Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, ''oege''* (eye):
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+! Case !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Nominative
+| oege || oegene
+|-
+! Accusative
+| oege || oegene
 |-
-| Accusative || razde || razdes
+! Dative
+| oegen || oegem
 |-
-| Dative || razde || razdem
+! Genitive
+| oegens || oegene
 |-
-| Genitive || razdes || razde
 |}