Scots Norse: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox language

|name=Scots Norse

|pronunciation=sˠʌ.ˈreskʰ

|ethnicity=Norse Scots

}}

==History==

===Pre-Modern===

Scots Norse originates in the mid to late 13th century, around the time Suðreyjar was handed over to Scotland with the Treaty of Perth. Though the language would continue to be largely unchanged from the Old Norse of the 12th century, 1266AD is often used as a dividing date between Old Norse and the earliest forms of Scots Norse. While 1266 is a relatively arbitrary date, it serves its purpose as a convenient divide between two stages, as following the Treaty of Perth, the Hebrides would gain a much larger population of Gaelic and English speakers (At this point still Middle Irish and Middle English), and from roughly 1450AD onward, Scots Norse would be increasingly influenced by Scots Gaelic and, to a lesser extent, Scots.

Following the treaty of Perth, the usage of Norse began declining significantly, with evidence it was nearly extinct by 1550. A small revitalization occured in the mid 18th century when several of the last native speakers (at the time, Scots Norse had no more than 150 remaining speakers) gathered together to document the language so it could be taught to children. This effort was mostly effective, leading to the first noticeable rise in speaker count since it began declining. By the 1880's, there would be upwards of 1,500 native speakers, a majority of them young.

===Prosody===

The rules for stress are very slightly more complex than they were in Old Norse, but not by much.

===Mutation===

==Orthography==

Doubled consonants are essentially identical to singular ones, the exceptions will be placed in the table, and as a general rule, doubled initial consonants are long, composing the only geminates in the language.

! colspan=3 | Letter(s)

! Phoneme

| colspan=2 | plain

| /b/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /bˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /bʲ/

|-  

| rowspan=4 | '''bh'''

| colspan=2 | before u/ù, a consonant, or finally

| /./ or null

|-

| rowspan=3 | usually

| plain

| /v/

|-

| broad

| /vˠ/

|-

| slender

| /vʲ/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''c'''

| initially and finally

| /kʰ/

|-

| between vowels

| /k/

|-

| rowspan=2 | slender

| initially and finally

| /cʰ/

|-

| between vowels  

| /c/

|-

| rowspan=2 | '''ch'''

| colspan=2 | plain/broad

| /x/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ç/

|-

| colspan=3 | '''chd'''

| /xk/

|-

| colspan=3 | '''cn'''

| /kʰɾ/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''d'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /d/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /dˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /d͡ʒ/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''dh'''

| colspan=2 | intervocalic/pre-consonantal/finally

| /./ or null

|-

| colspan=2 | plain/broad

| /ɣ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ʝ/

|-

| rowspan=2 | '''g'''

| colspan=2 | plain/broad

| /g/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ɟ/

|-

| colspan=3 | '''gn'''

| /ɡɾ/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''h'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /h/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /x/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ç/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''l'''

| non-finally

| /l/

|-

| finally

| /ʃ/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /lˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ʎ/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''ll'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /l/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /lˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ʎ/

|-  

| rowspan=3 | '''m'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /m/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /mˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /mʲ/

|-  

| rowspan=4 | '''n'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /n/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ɲ/

|-

| colspan=2 | post-vocalic when final/pre-fricative

| /Ṽ/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''nn'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /n/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /nˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ɲ/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''p'''

| initially, before a vowel/finally

| /pʰ/

|-

| elsewhere

| /p/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /pˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /pʲ/

|-  

| rowspan=3 | '''ph'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /f/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /fˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /fʲ/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''r'''

| colspan=2 | finally

|-

| colspan=2 | plain

| /r/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /rˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /rʲ/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''rr'''

| colspan=2 | finally

| /r/

|-

| colspan=2 | plain

| /r/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /rˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /rʲ/

|-

| colspan=3 | '''-rt''', '''-rd'''

| /ɾʃt̪/

|-

| rowspan=3 | '''s'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /s/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /sˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ʃ/

|-  

| rowspan=3 | '''sh'''

| colspan=2 | plain

| /h/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /x/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ç/

|-

| rowspan=5 | '''t'''

| initially/finally

| /tʰ/

|-

| elsewhere

| /t/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /tˠ/

|-

| rowspan=2 | slender

| initially/finally

| /t͡ʃʰ/

|-

| elsewhere

| /t͡ʃ/

|-

| rowspan=4 | '''th'''

| colspan=2 | intervocalic/pre-consonantal/finally

| /./ or null

|-

| colspan=2 | plain

| /h/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /x/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ç/

|-

| rowspan=3 | z

| colspan=2 | plain

| /z/

|-

| colspan=2 | broad

| /zˠ/

|-

| colspan=2 | slender

| /ʒ/

|-

|}

As with nouns, the definiteness distinction has been lost in adjectives, though it was lost far earlier than in nouns, this is attributed to the increasing reliance on the noun for definiteness. (Which itself too eventually fell to the use of "hi")

{{snon-decl-adj|sèl|r=sèl|fc=l|lem=sèl}}

===Verbs===

====Strong verbs====

======Class 1-light======

=====Class 2=====

=====Class 3=====

'''Scots Norse''':

==Lexical comparison==

[[Category:A posteriori]]

[[Category:Germanic languages]]