Linguifex

Iskel: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "'''Iskel''', pronounced [ískel] natively or /ˈɪskəl/ in English, is Suqi's first and most developed conlang. It was originally heavily based on Italian, Spanish, Korean, English, and Latin (creating the acronym ISKEL), but has been leaning much more ''a priori'' as development has progressed. Iskel first originated from a much more relex-like, or even code-like language called Lanesil, which only combined elements of English and Spanish in a transparent..."
 
Suqi (talk | contribs)
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(16 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Each dialect has the exact same number of phonemes, as their only phonological differences are phoneme pronunciation, except for Duskel where the Lanikel phonemes /əː ɲ̩ j̩̃/ (Kliqel phonemes /ɛː ɲ̩ ɲ̩ʷ/) merge with Duskel's /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː c ʂʼ/ phonemes, respectively. They do not differ in allophony or phonotactics.


=== Lanikel ===
=== Pitch Accent ===
All dialects have the same pitch accent, which includes three tones and tonelessness. The three tones are high, mid, and low. Words can be entirely atonal or entirely tonal, but most often they are a mix of both. All tones are phonemic. Mid tones can occur in words with high, low, or no other tones.
 
The high tone is the most common and occurs in most words, usually once.
 
The mid tone is the second most common, and most often occurs in words with many syllables, but can occur in words with few syllables as well. The mid tone appears usually once as well, but occurs twice in a word more often than the high tone.
 
The low tone is the rarest and is more characterized by extratonal articulations like stronger airflow, slight devoicing, length across every sound in the syllable, and a visible, non-audible scrunching of the philtrum. The degree of scrunching in the philtrium is directly proportional to the intensity of the other extratonal articulations. A root word with a low tone cannot also contain a high tone, implying a mutual contrast. A low tone only ever occurs once in a root word.
 
=== Lanikel Inventory ===
Lanikel's phonology is the oldest, though slight modifications have been made over time. It resembles Lanesil's parent languages English and Spanish more than the other dialects. The original phonology was /m n ɲ ŋ p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ ʔ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x h w ɹ j l ɾ i ɪ ʊ u e ə ʌ o a ɑ/.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
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|b
|b
|
|
|
|d͡z
|d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ
|
|
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|
|
|ŋ͡ʇ
|ŋ͡ʇ
|ŋ͡ǃ
|ŋ͡ǃ¡
|
|
|ŋ͡ǂ
|ŋ͡ǂ
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|
|
|k͡ʇ
|k͡ʇ
|k͡ǃ
|k͡ǃ¡
|
|
|k͡ǂ
|k͡ǂ
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|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. The consonants /ɱ n ɲ ŋ v ð z ʒ w l j w̃ l̃ j̃ ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
!
! colspan="2" |Front
!Front
! colspan="2" |Near-Front
!Near-Front
! colspan="2" |Near-Back
!Near-Back
! colspan="2" |Back
!Back
|-
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i
|i
|iː
|ɪ
|ɪ
|ɪː
|ʊ
|ʊ
|ʊː
|u
|u
|uː
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
|e
|e
|eː
|ə
|ə
|əː
|ʌ
|ʌ
|ʌː
|o
|o
|oː
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|a
|a
|aː
|
|
|
|
|
|
|ɑ
|ɑ
|ɑː
|}
|}
All vowels can be long.


=== Kliqel ===
=== Kliqel Inventory ===
Kliqel was created for two purposes: 1) in order to reduce the amount of words that sounded like they came from English and Spanish, and 2) for Suqi to practice pronunciation of unfamiliar clusters. Many of the phonemes were shifted to different values, but kept the same place in their words.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
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|
|
|ŋ͡ʇ
|ŋ͡ʇ
|ŋ͡ǃ
|ŋ͡ǃ¡
|
|
|ŋ͡ǂ
|ŋ͡ǂ
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|
|
|k͡ʇ
|k͡ʇ
|k͡ǃ
|k͡ǃ¡
|k͡ǁ
|k͡ǁ
|k͡ǂ
|k͡ǂ
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|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. The consonants /m n ɲ ɴ mʷ nʷ ɲʷ β ð z ʝ w l j ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Unrounded
!Unrounded
! colspan="2" |Rounded
!Rounded
|-
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i
|i
|iː
|ɯ
|ɯ
|ɯː
|u
|u
|uː
|-
|-
!Close-Mid
!Close-Mid
|e
|e
|eː
|ɤ
|ɤ
|ɤː
|o
|o
|oː
|-
|-
!Open-Mid
!Open-Mid
|ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛː
|
|
|
|ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔː
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|a
|a
|aː
|
|
|
|
|
|ɑ
|}
|}
All vowels can be long.


=== Duskel ===
=== Duskel Inventory ===
Duskel, also spelled Dreos'kel, is the second oldest, created much closer to Lanesil than Lanikel's current phonology. It was created to be an "evil" version of Iskel, but only for aesthetics. Duskel was never prioritized, so it only changed once after it was created, which was upon the creation of this wiki when it was finally updated to have sounds corresponding to all the new Iskel phonemes that have been added.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
!Bilabial
!Bilabial
!Bidental
!Bidental
!Linguolabial
!Alveolar
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Retroflex
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! colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|m
|
|
|
|
|
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!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|pʰ
|pʰ
|
|
|
|t͡s
|t͡s
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|-
|-
!Voiced
!Voiced
|
|
|
|
|
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!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|ɸ
|ɸ
|
|
|
|s
|s
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!Voiced
!Voiced
|β
|β
|
|
|
|z
|z
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
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|ɭ
|ɭ
|j
|j
|
|ɰ
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Trill
! colspan="2" |Vibrant
|ʙ
|ʙ
|
|
|
|r
|r
|
|ɽ
|
|
|
|
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! rowspan="2" |Glottalic
! rowspan="2" |Glottalic
!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|pʼ
|
|
|
|
|t̼ʼ
|ʂʼ
|
|
|
|
|kʼ
|kʼ
|-
|-
!Voiced
!Voiced
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|ŋ͡ʇ̼
|ŋ͡ǁ
|ŋ͡ǁ
|
|ŋ͡ǃ
|
|
|m͡ʞ
|m͡ʞ
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|
|
|
|
|k͡ʇ̼
|k͡ǁ
|k͡ǁ
|
|k͡ǃ
|
|
|m̥͡ʞ
|m̥͡ʞ
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|
|
|ʭ
|ʭ
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /r/. The consonants /m ɳ ɢ ɟ β z ʐ ɣ ʝ ɭ j ɰ r ɽ ɹ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Near-Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |Near-Back
! colspan="2" |Back
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
|-
!Short
!Unrounded
!Long
!Rounded
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!
!Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|ɯ̰̤̃́ːː
|
|ɯ
|ɯː
|
|
|
|-
|-
!
!High
|ɪ
|ɪ
|ɪː
|ə
|
|ɯ
|
|ʊ
|ʊ
|ʊː
|
|
|-
|-
!
!Mid
|
|
|ə
|əː
|
|
|
|
|-
!
|ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛː
|œ
|
|
|ʌ
|ʌ
|ʌː
|ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔː
|-
|-
!
!Low
|
|
|
|
|ɐ
|ɑ
|ɐː
|
|
|
|ɑ
|ɑː
|}
|}
All vowels can be long except for /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/.


=== Romanizations ===
=== Romanizations ===
{| class="wikitable"
''See [[Lanikel orthography]], [[Kliqel orthography]], and [[Duskel orthography]] for additional details on each dialect's romanization.''
! rowspan="6" |Consonants
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Phoneme
! colspan="4" |Lanikel
! colspan="4" |Kliqel
! colspan="4" |Duskel
|-
! colspan="2" |Consonants
! colspan="2" |Vowels
! colspan="2" |Consonants
! colspan="2" |Vowels
! colspan="2" |Consonants
! colspan="2" |Vowels
|-
!IPA
!Rom
!IPA
!Rom
!IPA
!Rom
!IPA
!Rom
!IPA
!Rom
!IPA
!Rom
|-
!/ɱ/
!/ɱ/
|m
!/i/
|i
!/m/
|m
!/i/
|i
!/m/
|m
!/ɪ/
|i
|-
!/p/
|p
!/iː/
|ī
!/p/
!/p/
|p
!/iː/
|ī
!/pʰ/
|p
!/ɪː/
|ī
|-
!/b/
!/b/
|b
!/ɪ/
|ie
!/b/
|b
!/ɯ/
|iu
!/ʙ/
|b
!/ɯ/
|iu
|-
!/f/
!/f/
|f
!/ɪː/
|īe
!/ɸ/
|f
!/ɯː/
|īu
!/ɸ/
|f
!/ɯː/
|īu
|-
!/v/
!/v/
|v
!/ʊ/
|uo
!/β/
|v
!/ɑ/
|ao
!/β/
|v
!/œ/
|oe
|-
!/w/
!/w/
|w
!/ʊː/
|ūo
!/w/
|w
!/ɑː/
|āo
!/ʝ/
|j
!/œː/
|ōe
|-
!/w̃/
!/w̃/
|w'
!/u/
|u
!/mʷ/
|mů
!/u/
|u
!/ɰ/
|w
!/ʊ/
|u
|-
!/θ/
|th
!/uː/
|ū
!/θ/
!/θ/
|th
!/uː/
|ū
!/x/
|h
!/ʊː/
|ū
|-
!/ð/
!/ð/
|dh
!/e/
|e
!/ð/
|dh
!/e/
|e
!/ɣ/
|gh
!/ɛ/
|e
|-
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
|dn
!/eː/
|ē
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
|cn
!/eː/
|ē
!/ŋ͡ǁ/
|nj
!/ɛː/
|ē
|-
!/k͡ʇ/
!/k͡ʇ/
|d
!/ə/
|eo
!/k͡ʇ/
|c
!/ɛ/
|ae
!/k͡ǁ/
|kj
! rowspan="2" |/ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/
| rowspan="2" |ũ
|-
!/n/
!/n/
|n
!/əː/
|ēo
!/n/
|n
!/ɛː/
|āe
!/ɳ/
|nr
|-
!/t/
!/t/
|t
!/ʌ/
|oe
!/t/
|t
!/ɤ/
|eu
!/ɾ/
|d
!/ʌ/
|eo
|-
!/d͡z/
|dz
!/ʌː/
|ōe
!/d͡z/
|dz
!/ɤː/
|ēu
!/pʼ/
|p'
!/ʌː/
|ēo
|-
!/s/
|s
!/o/
|o
!/s/
!/s/
|s
!/o/
|o
!/s/
|s
!/ə/
|ea
|-
!/z/
|z
!/oː/
|ō
!/z/
|z
!/oː/
|ō
!/z/
!/z/
|z
!/əː/
|ēa
|-
!/l/
!/l/
|l
!/a/
|a
!/l/
|l
!/a/
|a
!/ɭ/
|l
!/ɑ/
|a
|-
!/l̃/
!/l̃/
|l'
!/aː/
|ā
!/nʷ/
|nů
!/aː/
|ā
!/ɽ/
|dr
!/ɑː/
|ā
|-
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|r
!/ɑ/
|ao
!/ɾ/
|r
!/ɔ/
|oa
!/r/
|rr
!/ɔ/
|oa
|-
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|qn
!/ɑː/
|āo
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|kn
!/ɔː/
|ōa
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
|nq
!/ɔː/
|ōa
|-
!/k͡ǃ¡/
|ql
!/ɱ̩/
|ṃ
!/k͡ǃ¡/
|kr
!/m̩/
|ṃ
!/k͡ǃ/
!/k͡ǃ/
|kq
!/m̩/
|ṃ
|-
!/t͡ʃ/
!/t͡ʃ/
|ch
!/v̩/
|ṿ
!/t͡s/
|ts
!/β̩/
|ṿ
!/t͡s/
|ts
!/β̩/
|ṿ
|-
!/d͡ʒ/
!/d͡ʒ/
|j
!/w̩/
|ẉ
!/r/
|rr
!/w̩/
|ẉ
!/d͡z/
|dz
!/ʝ̍/
|ÿ
|-
!/ʃ/
!/ʃ/
|sh
!/w̩̃/
|w'
!/ç/
|hy
!/m̩ʷ/
|ṃů
!/ʂ/
|sr
!/ɰ̍/
|ẉ
|-
!/ʒ/
!/ʒ/
|zh
!/ð̩/
|ḍ
!/ʝ/
|j
!/ð̩/
|ḍ
!/ʐ/
|zr
!/ɣ̍/
|gḥ
|-
!/ɲ/
!/ɲ/
|ñ
!/n̩/
|ṇ
!/ɲ/
|ñ
!/n̩/
|ṇ
!/c/
|c
!/ɳ̩/
|ṇ
|-
!/ʎ̝̊/
!/ʎ̝̊/
|hl
!/z̩/
|ẓ
!/ɬ/
|lh
!/z̩/
|ẓ
!/ʛ/
|g'
!/z̩/
|ẓ
|-
!/j/
!/j/
|y
!/l̩/
|ḷ
!/j/
|y
!/l̩/
|ḷ
!/j/
|y
!/ɭ̩/
|ḷ
|-
!/j̃/
!/j̃/
|y'
!/l̩̃/
|ḷ'
!/ɲʷ/
|ñů
!/n̩ʷ/
|ṇů
!/ʂʼ/
|s'
!/ɽ̍/
|ḍ
|-
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
|qñ
!/ɾ̩/
|ṛ
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
|kñ
!/ɾ̩/
|ṛ
!/m͡ʞ/
|mk
!/r̩/
|rṛ
|-
!/k͡ǂ/
|q
!/ɲ̩/
|ṇh
!/k͡ǂ/
!/k͡ǂ/
|ky
!/ɲ̩/
|ṇh
!/m̥͡ʞ/
|pk
!
|
|-
!/ŋ/
!/ŋ/
|ng
!/ʒ̩/
|ẓh
!/ɴ/
|ng
!/ʝ̍/
|ÿ
!/ɟ/
|dj
!/ʐ̍/
|ẓr
|-
!/k/
!/k/
|k
!/j̍/
|ÿ
!/q/
|q
!/j/
|ỵ
!/kʼ/
|k
!/j̍/
|ỵ
|-
!/ɡ/
!/ɡ/
|-
|g
!''Lanikel''
!/j̩̃/
|
|ÿ'
|
!/k͡ʇʰ/
|
|ch
|
!/ɲ̩ʷ/
|
|ṇẙ
|
!/ɢ/
|
|gr
|
!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Phoneme
!/x/
!
|x
!
!/ŋ̩/
!
|ṇg
!
!/x/
!
|x
!
!/ɴ̩/
!
|ṇg
!
!/ʃ/
!
|sh
!
!/ɟ̍/
!
|ḍj
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|-
!''Kliqel''
!/ʀ/
|
|rr
|
!/ʀ̩/
|
|ṛr
|
!/ʀ/
|
|gg
|
!/ʀ̩/
|
|ṛr
|
!/ɹ/
|
|yr
|
!/ɹ̩/
|
|yṛ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Phoneme
!/ʔ/
!
|c
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|
!/k͡ǁ/
|kl
!
!
|
!/ʭ/
|x
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
!''Duskel''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|-
|-
! rowspan="6" |Vowels
!/h/
!Phoneme
|h
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
!''Lanikel''
|
|
|
!/h/
|
|h
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|-
!Phoneme
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
!''Kliqel''
|
|
|
!/ʔ/
|
|h
|
|
|
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|-
!Phoneme
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
!''Duskel''
|
|
|
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|}
|}
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Iskel"