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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Each dialect has the exact same number of phonemes, as their only phonological differences are phoneme pronunciation, except for Duskel where the Lanikel phonemes /ɲ̩ j̩̃/ (Kliqel phonemes /ɲ̩ ɲ̩ʷ/) merge with Duskel's /c ʂʼ/ phonemes, respectively. They do not differ in allophony or phonotactics.
Each dialect has the exact same number of phonemes, as their only phonological differences are phoneme pronunciation, except for Duskel where the Lanikel phonemes /əː ɲ̩ j̩̃/ (Kliqel phonemes /ɛː ɲ̩ ɲ̩ʷ/) merge with Duskel's /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː c ʂʼ/ phonemes, respectively. They do not differ in allophony or phonotactics.


=== Pitch Accent ===
=== Pitch Accent ===
Line 47: Line 47:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|ɱ
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]]
|
|
|n
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]]
|
|
|ɲ
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]]
|ŋ
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|p
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]]
|
|
|t
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]]
|t͡ʃ
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]]
|
|
|k
|[[w:IPA_k|k]]
|ʔ
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]]
|-
|-
!Voiced
!Voiced
|b
|[[w:IPA_b|b]]
|
|
|d͡z
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]]
|d͡ʒ
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]]
|
|
|ɡ
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Voiceless
!Voiceless
|f
|[[w:IPA_f|f]]
|θ
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]]
|s
|[[w:IPA_s|s]]
|ʃ
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]]
|ʎ̝̊
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]]
|x
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|h
|[[w:IPA_h|h]]
|-
|-
!Voiced
!Voiced
|v
|[[w:IPA_v|v]]
|ð
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]]
|z
|[[w:IPA_z|z]]
|ʒ
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]]
|
|
|
|
Line 95: Line 95:
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!Oral
!Oral
|w
|[[w:IPA_w|w]]
|
|
|l
|[[w:IPA_l|l]]
|
|
|j
|[[w:IPA_j|j]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Nasal
!Nasal
|w̃
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]]
|
|
|l̃
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]]
|
|
|j̃
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|ɾ
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]]
|
|
|
|
|ʀ
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! rowspan="2" |Click
!Oral
!Nasal
|
|
|ŋ͡ʇ
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]]
|ŋ͡ǃ¡
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]]
|
|
|ŋ͡ǂ
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Nasal
!Tenuis
|
|
|k͡ʇ
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]]
|k͡ǃ¡
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]]
|
|
|k͡ǂ
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]]
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
The consonants /ɱ n ɲ ŋ v ð z ʒ w l j w̃ l̃ j̃ ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. The consonants /ɱ n ɲ ŋ v ð z ʒ w l j w̃ l̃ j̃ ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
!
! colspan="2" |Front
!Front
! colspan="2" |Near-Front
!Near-Front
! colspan="2" |Near-Back
!Near-Back
! colspan="2" |Back
!Back
|-
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i
|[[w:IPA_i|i]]
|iː
|[[w:near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|ɪ]]
|ɪ
|[[w:near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|ʊ]]
|ɪː
|[[w:IPA_u|u]]
|ʊ
|ʊː
|u
|uː
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
|e
|[[w:IPA_e|e]]
|eː
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]]
|ə
|[[w:open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ʌ]]
|əː
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|ʌ
|ʌː
|o
|oː
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|a
|[[w:IPA_a|a]]
|aː
|
|
|
|
|
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]]
|
|ɑ
|ɑː
|}
|}
All vowels can be long.


=== Kliqel Inventory ===
=== Kliqel Inventory ===
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|
|
|}
|}
The consonants /m n ɲ ɴ mʷ nʷ ɲʷ β ð z ʝ w l j ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. The consonants /m n ɲ ɴ mʷ nʷ ɲʷ β ð z ʝ w l j ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="4" |Back
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Unrounded
!Unrounded
! colspan="2" |Rounded
!Rounded
|-
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i
|i
|iː
|ɯ
|ɯ
|ɯː
|u
|u
|uː
|-
|-
!Close-Mid
!Close-Mid
|e
|e
|eː
|ɤ
|ɤ
|ɤː
|o
|o
|oː
|-
|-
!Open-Mid
!Open-Mid
|ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛː
|
|
|
|ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔː
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|a
|a
|aː
|
|
|
|ɑ
|ɑ
|ɑː
|}
|}
All vowels can be long.


=== Duskel Inventory ===
=== Duskel Inventory ===
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|
|
|}
|}
The consonants /m ɳ ɢ ɟ β z ʐ ɣ ʝ ɭ j ɰ r ɽ ɹ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /r/. The consonants /m ɳ ɢ ɟ β z ʐ ɣ ʝ ɭ j ɰ r ɽ ɹ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Central
! colspan="4" |Back
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Unrounded
!Unrounded
! colspan="2" |Rounded
!Rounded
|-
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|-
|-
!Nasal
!Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
|ɯ̰̤̃́ːː
|
| colspan="2" |ɯ̰̤̃́ːː
|
|
|
|-
|-
!High
!High
|ɪ
|ɪ
|ɪː
|ə
|ə
|əː
|ɯ
|ɯ
|ɯː
|ʊ
|ʊ
|ʊː
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
|ɛ
|ɛ
|ɛː
|œ
|œ
|œː
|ʌ
|ʌ
|ʌː
|ɔ
|ɔ
|ɔː
|-
|-
!Low
!Low
|
|
|
|
|ɐ
|ɐː
|ɑ
|ɑ
|ɑː
|
|
|
|}
|}
All vowels can be long except for /ɯ̰̤̃́ːː/.


=== Romanizations ===
=== Romanizations ===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Iskel"