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== Romanization ==
== Romanization ==


=== Basic Phonemes ===
=== Consonants ===
Some consonants can be written with either digraphs or a non-ASCII monograph. Syllabic consonants are always written as digraphs, however.
Some consonants can be written with either digraphs or a non-ASCII monograph. Syllabic consonants are always written as digraphs, however.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
![[w:Labial_consonant|Labial]]
![[w:dental_consonant|Dental]]
![[w:alveolar_consonant|Alveolar]]
![[w:postalveolar_consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[w:palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
![[w:dorsal_consonant|Dorsal]]
![[w:glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
! rowspan="3" |Occlusive Consonant
|[[w:Voiced_labiodental_nasal|ɱ]] '''m'''
!Phoneme
|
!ɱ
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_nasal|n]] '''n'''
!n
|
!ɲ
|[[w:Voiced_palatal_nasal|ɲ]] '''ny, ñ'''
!ŋ
|[[w:Voiced_velar_nasal|ŋ]] '''ng, ŋ'''
!p
|
!t
!t͡ʃ
!k
!ʔ
!b
!d͡z
!d͡ʒ
!ɡ
!ŋ͡ʇ
!ŋ͡ǃ¡
!ŋ͡ǂ
!k͡ʇ
!k͡ǃ¡
!k͡ǂ
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|''m''
|[[w:voiceless_bilabial_plosive|p]] '''p'''
|''n''
|
|''ny''
|[[w:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive|t]] '''t'''
|''ng''
|[[w:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate|t͡ʃ]] '''ch, č'''
|''p''
|
|''t''
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] '''k'''
|''ch''
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]] '''q'''
|''k''
|''q''
|''b''
|''dz''
|''j''
|''g''
|''cn''
|''cǹ''
|''cñ''
|''ct''
|''cl''
|''cy''
|-
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
|''m''
|[[w:IPA_b|b]] '''b'''
|''n''
|
|''ñ''
|[[w:Voiced_alveolar_affricate|d͡z]] '''dz, ẑ'''
|''ŋ''
|[[w:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate|d͡ʒ]] '''j'''
|''p''
|
|''t''
|[[w:IPA_g|ɡ]] '''g'''
|''č''
|
|''k''
|''q''
|''b''
|''ẑ''
|''j''
|''g''
|''cn''
|''cǹ''
|''cñ''
|''ct''
|''cl''
|''cy''
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! rowspan="3" |Continuant Consonant
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
!Phoneme
|[[w:IPA_f|f]] '''f'''
!f
|[[w:voiceless_dental_fricative|θ]] '''th, þ'''
!θ
|[[w:IPA_s|s]] '''s'''
!s
|[[w:voiceless_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʃ]] '''sh, š'''
!ʃ
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative|ʎ̝̊]] '''lh, ç'''
!ʎ̝̊
|[[w:IPA_x|x]] '''x'''
!x
|[[w:IPA_h|h]] '''h'''
!h
!v
!ð
!z
!ʒ
!w
!l
!j
!w̃
!l̃
!j̃
!ɾ
!ʀ
|-
|-
![[w:Voicedness|Voiced]]
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|[[w:IPA_v|v]] '''v'''
|''f''
|[[w:voiced_dental_fricative|ð]] '''d'''
|''th''
|[[w:IPA_z|z]] '''z'''
|''s''
|[[w:voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative|ʒ]] '''zh, ž'''
|''sh''
|
|''lh''
|
|''x''
|
|''h''
|-
|''v''
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
|''d''
![[w:oral_consonant|Oral]]
|''z''
|[[w:IPA_w|w]] '''w'''
|''zh''
|
|''w''
|[[w:IPA_l|l]] '''l'''
|''l''
|
|''y''
|[[w:IPA_j|j]] '''y'''
|''wǹ''
|
|''lǹ''
|[[w:IPA_h|h̞]] '''ḥ'''
|''yǹ''
|-
|''r''
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|''rr''
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wǹ, ṽ'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''lǹ, ł'''
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yǹ,''' '''ỹ'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[w:vibrant_consonant|Vibrant]]
|
|
|[[w:voiced_alveolar_tap|ɾ]] '''r'''
|
|
|[[w:voiced_uvular_trill|ʀ]] '''rr, ř'''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[w:click_consonant|Click]]
![[w:nasal_click|Nasal]]
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''cǹ'''
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cñ'''
|
|
|-
|-
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|''f''
|
|''þ''
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|''s''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl'''
|''š''
|
|''ç''
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy'''
|''x''
|
|''h''
|
|''v''
|''d''
|''z''
|''ž''
|''w''
|''l''
|''y''
|''ṽ''
|''ł''
|''ỹ''
|''r''
|''ř''
|}
|}
=== Vowels ===
Vowels with the circumflex diacritics change diacritics based on suprasegmentals, specified later in this article.
Vowels with the circumflex diacritics change diacritics based on suprasegmentals, specified later in this article.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
![[w:Near-Front_vowel|Near-Front]]
![[w:Near-Back_vowel|Near-Back]]
![[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
! rowspan="2" |Toneless Vowel
|[[w:IPA_i|i]] '''i'''
!Phoneme
|[[w:near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel|ɪ]] '''î'''
!i
|[[w:near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel|ʊ]] '''û'''
!ɪ
|[[w:IPA_u|u]] '''u'''
!ʊ
!u
!e
!ə
!ʌ
!o
!a
!ɑ
|-
|-
![[w:Mid_vowel|Mid]]
!Grapheme
|[[w:IPA_e|e]] '''e'''
|''i''
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]] '''ê'''
|''î''
|[[w:open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel|ʌ]] '''ô'''
|''û''
|[[w:IPA_o|o]] '''o'''
|''u''
|-
|''e''
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
|''ê''
|[[w:IPA_a|a]] '''a'''
|''ô''
|
|''o''
|
|''a''
|[[w:open_back_unrounded_vowel|ɑ]] '''â'''
|''â''
|}
|}
=== Syllabic Consonants ===
=== Syllabic Consonants ===
Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the underdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṇg ṛr⟩). The toneless syllabic consonant /j̍/ is instead written ⟨ẏ⟩.
Toneless syllabic consonants are written with an overdot. On digraphs, the underdot is written only on the first letter (e.g. /ŋ̩ ʀ̩/ get written ⟨ṇg ṛr⟩). The toneless syllabic consonant /j̍/ is instead written ⟨ẏ⟩.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Dorsal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
! rowspan="2" |Toneless Syllabic Consonant
|ɱ̩ '''ṃ'''
!Phoneme
|
!ɱ̩
|n̩ '''ṇ'''
!n̩
|ɲ̩ '''ṇy'''
!ɲ̩
|ŋ̩ '''ṇg'''
!ŋ̩
!v̩
!ð̩
!z̩
!ʒ̍
!w̩
!l̩
!j̍
!w̩̃
!l̩̃
!j̩̃
!ɾ̩
!ʀ
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
!Grapheme
|v̩ '''ṿ'''
|''ṃ''
|ð̩ '''ḍ'''
|''ṇ''
|z̩ '''ẓ'''
|''ṇy''
|ʒ̍ '''ẓh'''
|''ṇg''
|
|''ṿ''
|-
|''ḍ''
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
|''ẓ''
!Oral
|''ẓh''
|w̩ '''ẉ'''
|''ẉ''
|
|''ḷ''
|l̩ '''ḷ'''
|''ẏ''
|j̍ '''ẏ'''
|''ẉǹ''
|
|''ḷǹ''
|-
|''ẏǹ''
!Nasal
|''ṛ''
|w̩̃ '''ẉǹ'''
|''ṛr''
|
|l̩̃ '''ḷǹ'''
|j̩̃ '''ẏǹ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Vibrant
|
|
|ɾ̩ '''ṛ'''
|
|ʀ̩ '''ṛr'''
|}
|}
=== Tones ===
=== Tones ===
High tone on vowels is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a circumflex, the circumflex is replaced with a grave accent (e.g. /í ɪ́/ are ⟨í ì⟩).  
High tone on vowels is marked with an acute accent on vowels without a diacritic. On vowels with a circumflex, the circumflex is replaced with a grave accent (e.g. /í ɪ́/ are ⟨í ì⟩).  
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For polypthongs, tone (not including low tone because it has unusual romanization) is always written on the first vowel grapheme, so every vowel with a tone diacritic begins its syllable's nucleus. It is therefore unnecessary to use a diaerisis on such vowels.
For polypthongs, tone (not including low tone because it has unusual romanization) is always written on the first vowel grapheme, so every vowel with a tone diacritic begins its syllable's nucleus. It is therefore unnecessary to use a diaerisis on such vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |[[w:Front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Near-Front_vowel|Near-Front]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Near-Back_vowel|Near-Back]]
! colspan="3" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
|-
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
! rowspan="2" |High Tone Vowel
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
!Phoneme
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
!i˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
!ɪ˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
!ʊ˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
!u˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
!e˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
!ə˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
!ʌ˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|High]]
!o˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Mid]]
!a˥
![[w:tone_(linguistics)|Low]]
!ɑ˥
|-
!Grapheme
|''í''
|''ì''
|''ù''
|''ú''
|''é''
|''è''
|''ò''
|''ó''
|''á''
|''à''
|-
|-
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
! rowspan="2" |Mid Tone Vowel
|í '''í'''
!Phoneme
|ī '''ĭ'''
!i˧
|ì '''<nowiki/>'i'''
!ɪ˧
|ɪ́ '''ì'''
!ʊ˧
|ɪ̄ '''ĩ'''
!u˧
|ɪ̀ '''<nowiki/>'î'''
!e˧
|ʊ́ '''ù'''
!ə˧
|ʊ̄ '''ũ'''
!ʌ˧
|ʊ̀ '''<nowiki/>'û'''
!o˧
|ú '''ú'''
!a˧
|ū '''ŭ'''
!ɑ˧
|ù '''<nowiki/>'u'''
|-
|-
![[w:Mid_vowel|Mid]]
!Grapheme
|é '''é'''
|''ĭ''
|ē '''ĕ'''
|''ĩ''
|è '''<nowiki/>'e'''
|''ũ''
|ə́ '''è'''
|''ŭ''
|ə̄ '''ẽ'''
|''ĕ''
|ə̀ '''<nowiki/>'ê'''
|''ẽ''
|ʌ́ '''ò'''
|''õ''
|ʌ̄ '''õ'''
|''ŏ''
|ʌ̀ '''<nowiki/>'ô'''
|''ă''
|ó '''ó'''
|''ã''
|ō '''ŏ'''
|-
|ò '''<nowiki/>'o'''
! rowspan="2" |Low Tone Vowel
!Phoneme
!i˩
!ɪ˩
!ʊ˩
!u˩
!e˩
!ə˩
!ʌ˩
!o˩
!a˩
!ɑ˩
|-
|-
![[w:Open_vowel|Open]]
!Grapheme
|á '''á'''
|''<nowiki/>'i''
|ā '''ă'''
|''<nowiki/>'î''
|à '''<nowiki/>'a'''
|''<nowiki/>'û''
|
|''<nowiki/>'u''
|
|''<nowiki/>'e''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ê''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ô''
|
|''<nowiki/>'o''
|
|''<nowiki/>'a''
|ɑ́ '''à'''
|''<nowiki/>'â''
|ɑ̄ '''ã'''
|ɑ̀ '''<nowiki/>'â'''
|}
|}
High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their underdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńy ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ŕ ŕr⟩. High tone /ð̩/ is written with ⟨ð⟩ instead of ⟨d́⟩, and high tone /v̩/ is written with a ⟨ŵ⟩.
High tone syllabic consonants /ɱ̩́ ń̩ ɲ̩́ ŋ̩́ ź̩ ʒ̩́ ẃ̩ ĺ̩ j̩́ w̩̃́ l̩̃́ j̩̃́ ɾ̩́ ʀ̩́/ have their underdots replaced with the acute accent ⟨ḿ ń ńy ńg ź źh ẃ ĺ ý ẃǹ ĺǹ ýǹ ŕ ŕr⟩. High tone /ð̩/ is written with ⟨ð⟩ instead of ⟨d́⟩, and high tone /v̩/ is written with a ⟨ŵ⟩.


Mid tone syllabic consonants are written similar to their toneless forms, but with overdots instead of underdots. The mid tone /v̩̄ j̩̄/, however, are written ⟨ẅ ÿ⟩.
Mid tone syllabic consonants are written similar to their toneless forms, but with overdots instead of underdots. The mid tone /v̩̄ j̩̄/, however, are written ⟨ẅ ÿ⟩.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Labial
! colspan="3" |Dental
! colspan="3" |Alveolar
! colspan="3" |Palatal
! colspan="3" |Dorsal
|-
|-
!High
! rowspan="2" |High Tone Syllabic Consonant
!Mid
!Phoneme
!Low
!ɱ̩˥
!High
!n̩˥
!Mid
!ɲ̩˥
!Low
!ŋ̩˥
!High
!v̩˥
!Mid
!ð̩˥
!Low
!z̩˥
!High
!ʒ̍˥
!Mid
!w̩˥
!Low
!l̩˥
!High
!j̍˥
!Mid
!w̩̃˥
!Low
!l̩̃˥
!j̩̃˥
!ɾ̩˥
!ʀ̩˥
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
!Grapheme
|ɱ̩˥ '''ḿ'''
|''ḿ''
|ɱ̩˧ '''ṁ'''
|''ń''
|ɱ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṃ'''
|''ńy''
|
|''ńg''
|
|''ŵ''
|
|''ð''
|n̩˥ '''ń'''
|''ź''
|n̩˧ '''ṅ'''
|''źh''
|n̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇ'''
|''ẃ''
|ɲ̩˥ '''ńy'''
|''ĺ''
|ɲ̩˧ '''ṅy'''
|''ý''
|ɲ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''
|''ẃǹ''
|ŋ̩˥ '''ńg'''
|''ĺǹ''
|ŋ̩˧ '''ṅg'''
|''ýǹ''
|ŋ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''
|''ŕ''
|''ŕr''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
! rowspan="2" |Mid Tone Syllabic Consonant
|v̩˥ '''ŵ'''
!Phoneme
|v̩˧ '''ẅ'''
!ɱ̩˧
|v̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṿ'''
!n̩˧
|ð̩́˥ '''ð'''
!ɲ̩˧
|ð̩˧ '''ḋ'''
!ŋ̩˧
|ð̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḍ'''
!v̩˧
|z̩˥ '''ź'''
!ð̩˧
|z̩˧ '''ż'''
!z̩˧
|z̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẓ'''
!ʒ̍˧
|ʒ̍˥ '''źh'''
!w̩˧
|ʒ̍˧ '''żh'''
!l̩˧
|ʒ̍˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''
!j̍˧
|
!w̩̃˧
|
!l̩̃˧
|
!j̩̃˧
!ɾ̩˧
!ʀ̩˧
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
!Grapheme
!Oral
|''ṁ''
|w̩˥ '''ẃ'''
|''ṅ''
|w̩˧ '''ẇ'''
|''ṅy''
|w̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉ'''
|''ṅg''
|
|''ẅ''
|
|''ḋ''
|
|''ż''
|l̩˥ '''ĺ'''
|''żh''
|l̩˧ '''ŀ'''
|''ẇ''
|l̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷ'''
|''ŀ''
|j̍˥ '''ý'''
|''ÿ''
|j̍˧ '''ÿ'''
|''ẇǹ''
|j̍˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏ'''
|''ŀǹ''
|
|''ÿǹ''
|
|''ṙ''
|
|''ṙr''
|-
|-
!Nasal
! rowspan="2" |Low Tone Syllabic Consonant
|w̩̃˥ '''ẃǹ'''
!Phoneme
|w̩̃˧ '''ẇǹ'''
!ɱ̩˩
|w̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉǹ'''
!n̩˩
|
!ɲ̩˩
|
!ŋ̩˩
|
!v̩˩
|l̩̃˥ '''ĺǹ'''
!ð̩˩
|l̩̃˧ '''ŀǹ'''
!z̩˩
|l̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷǹ'''
!ʒ̍˩
|j̩̃˥ '''ýǹ'''
!w̩˩
|j̩̃˧ '''ÿǹ'''
!l̩˩
|j̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏǹ'''
!j̍˩
|
!w̩̃˩
|
!l̩̃˩
|
!j̩̃˩
!ɾ̩˩
!ʀ̩˩
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Vibrant
!Grapheme
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṃ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṿ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ḍ''
|ɾ̩ː˥ '''ŕ'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ''
|ɾ̩ː˧ '''ṙ'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh''
|ɾ̩ː˩'''<nowiki/>''' '''<nowiki/>'ṛ'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẉ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ḷ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ẏ''
|
|''<nowiki/>'ẉǹ''
|ʀ̩˥ '''ŕr'''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷǹ''
|ʀ̩˧ '''ṙr'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏǹ''
|ʀ̩˩ '''<nowiki/>'ṛr'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛr''
|}
|}
=== Gemination ===
=== Gemination ===
Geminated single-letter phonemes are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphs are written by doubling their first letter.  
Geminated single-letter phonemes are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphs are written by doubling their first letter.  
Line 465: Line 503:
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
! rowspan="2" |Grapheme
|''ff''
|''ff''
|''thh''
|''tth''
|''ss''
|''ss''
|''ssh''
|''ssh''
Line 753: Line 791:
! colspan="15" |Multigraph Disambiguation
! colspan="15" |Multigraph Disambiguation
|-
|-
! colspan="6" |Consonants
! colspan="6" |Consonants (All)
! colspan="3" |Syllabic Consonants
! colspan="3" |Syllabic Consonants (All)
! colspan="6" |Vowels
! colspan="6" |Vowels (Examples)
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |Digraph
! colspan="3" |Digraph
Line 794: Line 832:
|''ṇy''
|''ṇy''
|/ɲ̩/
|/ɲ̩/
!ie
! rowspan="2" |ie
|''ie''
|ie
|/ɪ/
|/i͡e/
! rowspan="2" |īe
! rowspan="4" |iea
|''īe''
|iea
|/ɪː/
|/i͡e͡a/
|-
|-
|''d'z''
|''d'z''
Line 807: Line 845:
|''ṇ'y''
|''ṇ'y''
|/n̩j/
|/n̩j/
!
|iē
|''ië''
|/i.e/
|/i.e/
|''īë''
|iēa
|/iː.e/
|/i.e͡a/
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 819: Line 856:
|''ńy''
|''ńy''
|/ɲ̩˥/
|/ɲ̩˥/
!uo
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|''uo''
|ieā
|/ʊ/
|/i͡e.a/
!ūo
|''ūo''
|/ʊː/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |lh
! rowspan="2" |lh
Line 834: Line 868:
|''ń'y''
|''ń'y''
|/n̩˥j/
|/n̩˥j/
!
|iēā
|''uö''
|/i.e.a/
|/u.o/
!
|''ūö''
|/uː.o/
|-
|-
|''l'h''
|''l'h''
Line 848: Line 878:
|''ṅy''
|''ṅy''
|/ɲ̩˧/
|/ɲ̩˧/
!eo
! rowspan="2" |ui
|''eo''
|ui
|/ə/
|/u͡i/
!ēo
! rowspan="4" |uio
|''ēo''
|uio
|/əː/
|/u͡i͡o/
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 860: Line 890:
|''ṅ'y''
|''ṅ'y''
|/n̩˧j/
|/n̩˧j/
!
|uī
|''eö''
|/u.i/
|/e.o/
|uīo
!
|/u.i͡o/
|''ēö''
|/eː.o/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ng
! rowspan="2" |ng
Line 876: Line 904:
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/ɲ̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
|/ɲ̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
!oe
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|''oe''
|uiō
|/ʌ/
|/u͡i.o/
!ōe
|''ōe''
|/ʌː/
|-
|-
|''n'g''
|''n'g''
Line 889: Line 914:
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'y'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'y'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/n̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''j/
|/n̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''j/
!
|uīō
|''oë''
|/u.i.o/
|/o.e/
!
|''ōë''
|/oː.e/
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 902: Line 923:
|''ṇg''
|''ṇg''
|/ŋ̩/
|/ŋ̩/
!ao
! rowspan="2" |oa
|''ao''
|oa
|/ɑ/
|/o͡a/
!āo
! rowspan="4" |oae
|''āo''
|oae
|/ɑː/
|/o͡a͡e/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ny
! rowspan="2" |ny
Line 917: Line 938:
|''ṇ'g''
|''ṇ'g''
|/n̩ɡ/
|/n̩ɡ/
!
|oā
|''aö''
|/o.a/
|/a.o/
|oāe
!
|/o.a͡e/
|''āö''
|/aː.o/
|-
|-
|''n'y''
|''n'y''
Line 931: Line 950:
|''ńg''
|''ńg''
|/ŋ̩˥/
|/ŋ̩˥/
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|
|oaē
|
|/o͡a.e/
!
|
|
|-
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |
Line 943: Line 959:
|''ń'g''
|''ń'g''
|/n̩˥ɡ/
|/n̩˥ɡ/
!
|oāē
|
|/o.a.e/
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |rrr
! rowspan="3" |rrr
Line 956: Line 968:
|''ṅg''
|''ṅg''
|/ŋ̩˧/
|/ŋ̩˧/
!
! rowspan="2" |iê
|
|iê
|
|/i͡ə/
!
! rowspan="4" |iêa
|
|iêa
|
|/i͡ə͡a/
|-
|-
|''rr'r''
|''rr'r''
Line 967: Line 979:
|''ṅ'g''
|''ṅ'g''
|/n̩˧ɡ/
|/n̩˧ɡ/
!
|ië
|
|/i.ə/
|
|iëa
!
|/i.ə͡a/
|
|
|-
|-
|''r'rr''
|''r'rr''
Line 979: Line 989:
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/ŋ̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
|/ŋ̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|
|iêā
|
|/i͡ə.a/
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |sh
! rowspan="2" |sh
Line 994: Line 1,001:
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'g'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'g'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/n̩ɡ/
|/n̩ɡ/
!ieo
|iëā
|''ieo''
|/i.ə.a/
|/ie̯o̯/
!
!
!
|-
|-
|''s'h''
|''s'h''
Line 1,008: Line 1,011:
|''ẓh''
|''ẓh''
|/ʒ̍/
|/ʒ̍/
!
! rowspan="2" |ûi
|''iėo''
|ûi
|/iə̯/
|/ʊ͡i/
!
! rowspan="4" |ûiô
!
|ûiô
!
|/ʊ͡i͡ʌ/
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 1,020: Line 1,023:
|''ẓ'h''
|''ẓ'h''
|/z̩h/
|/z̩h/
!
|ûī
|''ieȯ''
|/ʊ.i/
|/ɪo̯/
|ûīô
!
|/ʊ.i͡ʌ/
!
!
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |th
! rowspan="2" |th
Line 1,036: Line 1,037:
|''źh''
|''źh''
|/ʒ̍˥/
|/ʒ̍˥/
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|''iëo''
|ûiö
|/i.ə/
|/ʊ͡i.ʌ/
!
!
!
|-
|-
|''t'h''
|''t'h''
Line 1,049: Line 1,047:
|''ź'h''
|''ź'h''
|/z̩˥h/
|/z̩˥h/
!
|ûīö
|''ieö''
|/ʊ.i.ʌ/
|/ɪ.o/
!
!
!
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 1,062: Line 1,056:
|''żh''
|''żh''
|/ʒ̍˧/
|/ʒ̍˧/
!
! rowspan="2" |ôâ
|''iëö''
|ôâ
|/i.e.o/
|/ʌ͡ɑ/
!
! rowspan="4" |ôâê
!
|ôâê
!
|/ʌ͡ɑ͡ə/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |zh
! rowspan="2" |zh
Line 1,077: Line 1,071:
|''ż'h''
|''ż'h''
|/z̩˧h/
|/z̩˧h/
!
|ôä
|''iëȯ''
|/ʌ.ɑ/
|/i.eo̯/
|ôäê
!
|/ʌ.ɑ͡ə/
!
!
|-
|-
|''z'h''
|''z'h''
Line 1,091: Line 1,083:
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/ʒ̍˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
|/ʒ̍˩'''<nowiki/>'''/
!
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|''iėö''
|ôâë
|/ie̯.o/
|/ʌ͡ɑ.ə/
!
!
!
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
Line 1,103: Line 1,092:
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ'h'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ'h'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/z̩˩h/
|/z̩˩h/
!oua
|ôäë
|''oua''
|/ʌ.ɑ.ə/
|/ou̯a̯/
!
!
!
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
!
|''oüa''
|/o.ua̯/
!
!
!
|-
!
|''ouä''
|/ou̯.a/
!
!
!
|-
!
|''oüä''
|/o.u.a/
!
!
!
|}
|}
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Lanikel_orthography"