Iskel: Difference between revisions

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'''Iskel''', pronounced [ískel] natively or /ˈɪskəl/ in English, is [[User:Suqi|Suqi's]] first and most developed conlang. It was originally heavily based on Italian, Spanish, Korean, English, and Latin (creating the acronym ISKEL), but has been leaning much more ''a priori'' as development has progressed. Iskel first originated from a much more relex-like, or even code-like language called Lanesil, which only combined elements of English and Spanish in a transparently jumbled way, but was quickly replaced with a new language structure as Suqi learned more about linguistics. Some remnants of Lanesil still exist in Iskel, such as the word ''kire'' (to want) based on the Spanish word ''quiere'' (he/she/it wants), or the word ''to'' (two) based on the English word ''two''.

== Dialects ==

There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], [[Kliqel]] [k͡ǁíqel], and [[Duskel]] [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled Drâŝkkel). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory. Outside of the phonology section, this article uses only the Lanikel dialect since it is the most dominant.

== Setting ==

There are three settings where Iskel is spoken that canonically have no knowledge of each other. One setting is the real world, where it is Suqi's personal constructed language. Another setting is in an alternate history Earth, as the native language of the inhabitants of Iskeland, a moderately-sized island west of Africa overlapping with the coordinates 0,0. The third setting is in an archipelago called [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Juya_Gwaña Juya Gwaña] which exists on the Agma Schwa Minecraft server, [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Nguhcraft Nguhcraft]. The primary structure of Iskel is determined by its real-world setting, with it being a personal conlang, however there are sometimes influences from its alternate history setting. There are no influences from Nguhcraft, however.

~~== Dialects ==~~

There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], '''Kliqel''' [k͡ǁíqel], and '''Duskel''' [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled '''Drâŝkkel'''). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory.

=== Real-World ===

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== Syntax ==

=== Semantic Roles ===

There are four primary semantic roles in Iskel, which determine the syntactic structure of the language. They are referred to as the sender (S, {{Sc|snd}}), the message (M, {{Sc|mss}}), the receiver (R, {{Sc|rcv}}), and the transfer (T, {{Sc|trf}}). They loosely overlap with the more commonly known roles of agent, instrument, patient, and verb, respectively, but are distinct and can have any part of speech.

The sender is whatever sets the transfer (or action) in motion in a sentence. Without the sender, the action cannot begin.

The message is whatever is causally transferred from the sender to the receiver in the action. Without the message, steps can be taken to initiate the action, but it cannot manifest.

The receiver is whatever the message affects as a direct consequence of its sending. Without the receiver, the action can begin, but not end.

The transfer is the process by which the message is directed from the sender to the receiver. Without the transfer, nothing happens at all despite everything being there to make it happen.

Iskel uses the word order SRTM. The sender is often omitted, only being included when specification is necessary. The receiver and message may also be omitted, but this is rare. When the receiver is omitted but the sender isn't, the sender must be marked. A word of any part of speech may play any semantic role, but the semantic role must be marked on whichever word is not the typical part of speech that it is, i.e. S, R, and M as nouns, and T as a verb.

=== Role Descriptors ===

Combining with the semantic roles are five role descriptors which are cliticized to the end of the semantic roles. These descriptors detail different relationships a word can have to the semantic role cliticized onto it. They may also be cliticized to the end of the word or another clitic to apply their meaning onto that other morpheme instead. The role descriptors are the present actor ({{Sc|prac}}), that which fills the role in that instance; the potential actor ({{Sc|poac}}), that which can fill the role; the performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}), the filling of the role; the identity ({{Sc|idty}}), the role itself; and the condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}), that which makes it possible to fill the role.

== Morphology ==

Most bound morphemes in Iskel are clitics rather than affixes, since their placement in a word and relative to other clitics is highly variable. Morphemes will be listed in sets of three, reflecting their Lanikel, Kliqel, and Duskel forms, respectively.

Parts of speech:

* Noun ({{Sc|n}}): -''a''

** Nouns are words denoting a certain concept existing within a larger relationship. That relationship is typically with a verb, adjunct, or both. A noun may also exist as a standalone sentence in Iskel, denoting mere existence.

* Verb ({{Sc|v}}): -''e''

** Verbs are words denoting a certain quality that their receiver is stated to change into having.

* Adjunct ({{Sc|adj}}): -''o''

** Adjuncts are words denoting a certain quality that their modifyee has.

Semantic roles:

* Sender ({{Sc|snd}}): ''žâ-''

** ''IyaR žâkíleS setaM.''

** (Knowledge sends this to me.)

** “I know this from knowing it.”

* Receiver ({{Sc|rcv}}): ''šâ-''

** ''IyaS šâkíleR setaM.''

** (I send this to knowledge.)

** “I know/teach more from this.”

* Transfer ({{Sc|trf}}): ''sč(î)-''

** ''IyaR kíleT setaM.''

** (I know this.)

** “I know this.”

* Message ({{Sc|mss}}): ''ii-''

** ''IyaS iikíleM setaR.''

** (I send knowledge to this.)

** “I teach this (student).”

The semantic roles of receiver, transfer, and message are not marked if their position in a word has not changed from the base SRTM order and they are a noun, verb, and noun repsectively.

Role descriptors:

* Present Actor ({{Sc|prac}}): unmarked

* Potential Actor ({{Sc|poac}}): ''-''(''o'')''y''

* Performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}): ''-êl''

* Identity ({{Sc|idty}}): ''-rî''

* Condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}): -(''ẏ'')''ss''

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 '''Iskel''', pronounced [ískel] natively or /ˈɪskəl/ in English, is [[User:Suqi|Suqi's]] first and most developed conlang. It was originally heavily based on Italian, Spanish, Korean, English, and Latin (creating the acronym ISKEL), but has been leaning much more ''a priori'' as development has progressed. Iskel first originated from a much more relex-like, or even code-like language called Lanesil, which only combined elements of English and Spanish in a transparently jumbled way, but was quickly replaced with a new language structure as Suqi learned more about linguistics. Some remnants of Lanesil still exist in Iskel, such as the word ''kire'' (to want) based on the Spanish word ''quiere'' (he/she/it wants), or the word ''to'' (two) based on the English word ''two''.
+== Dialects ==
+There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], [[Kliqel]] [k͡ǁíqel], and [[Duskel]] [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled Drâŝkkel). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory. Outside of the phonology section, this article uses only the Lanikel dialect since it is the most dominant.
 == Setting ==
 There are three settings where Iskel is spoken that canonically have no knowledge of each other. One setting is the real world, where it is Suqi's personal constructed language. Another setting is in an alternate history Earth, as the native language of the inhabitants of Iskeland, a moderately-sized island west of Africa overlapping with the coordinates 0,0. The third setting is in an archipelago called [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Juya_Gwaña Juya Gwaña] which exists on the Agma Schwa Minecraft server, [https://mc.nguh.org/wiki/Nguhcraft Nguhcraft]. The primary structure of Iskel is determined by its real-world setting, with it being a personal conlang, however there are sometimes influences from its alternate history setting. There are no influences from Nguhcraft, however.
-== Dialects ==
-There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], '''Kliqel''' [k͡ǁíqel], and '''Duskel''' [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled '''Drâŝkkel'''). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory.
 === Real-World ===
@@ Line 671: / Line 671: @@
 |
 |}
+== Syntax ==
+=== Semantic Roles ===
+There are four primary semantic roles in Iskel, which determine the syntactic structure of the language. They are referred to as the sender (S, {{Sc|snd}}), the message (M, {{Sc|mss}}), the receiver (R, {{Sc|rcv}}), and the transfer (T, {{Sc|trf}}). They loosely overlap with the more commonly known roles of agent, instrument, patient, and verb, respectively, but are distinct and can have any part of speech.
+The sender is whatever sets the transfer (or action) in motion in a sentence. Without the sender, the action cannot begin.
+The message is whatever is causally transferred from the sender to the receiver in the action. Without the message, steps can be taken to initiate the action, but it cannot manifest.
+The receiver is whatever the message affects as a direct consequence of its sending. Without the receiver, the action can begin, but not end.
+The transfer is the process by which the message is directed from the sender to the receiver. Without the transfer, nothing happens at all despite everything being there to make it happen.
+Iskel uses the word order SRTM. The sender is often omitted, only being included when specification is necessary. The receiver and message may also be omitted, but this is rare. When the receiver is omitted but the sender isn't, the sender must be marked. A word of any part of speech may play any semantic role, but the semantic role must be marked on whichever word is not the typical part of speech that it is, i.e. S, R, and M as nouns, and T as a verb.
+=== Role Descriptors ===
+Combining with the semantic roles are five role descriptors which are cliticized to the end of the semantic roles. These descriptors detail different relationships a word can have to the semantic role cliticized onto it. They may also be cliticized to the end of the word or another clitic to apply their meaning onto that other morpheme instead. The role descriptors are the present actor ({{Sc|prac}}), that which fills the role in that instance; the potential actor ({{Sc|poac}}), that which can fill the role; the performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}), the filling of the role; the identity ({{Sc|idty}}), the role itself; and the condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}), that which makes it possible to fill the role.
 == Morphology ==
+Most bound morphemes in Iskel are clitics rather than affixes, since their placement in a word and relative to other clitics is highly variable. Morphemes will be listed in sets of three, reflecting their Lanikel, Kliqel, and Duskel forms, respectively.
+Parts of speech:
+* Noun ({{Sc|n}}): -''a''
+** Nouns are words denoting a certain concept existing within a larger relationship. That relationship is typically with a verb, adjunct, or both. A noun may also exist as a standalone sentence in Iskel, denoting mere existence.
+* Verb ({{Sc|v}}): -''e''
+** Verbs are words denoting a certain quality that their receiver is stated to change into having.
+* Adjunct ({{Sc|adj}}): -''o''
+** Adjuncts are words denoting a certain quality that their modifyee has.
+Semantic roles:
+* Sender ({{Sc|snd}}): ''žâ-''
+** ''Iya<sub>R</sub> žâkíle<sub>S</sub> seta<sub>M</sub>.''
+** (Knowledge sends this to me.)
+** “I know this from knowing it.”
+* Receiver ({{Sc|rcv}}): ''šâ-''
+** ''Iya<sub>S</sub> šâkíle<sub>R</sub> seta<sub>M</sub>.''
+** (I send this to knowledge.)
+** “I know/teach more from this.”
+* Transfer ({{Sc|trf}}): ''sč(î)-''
+** ''Iya<sub>R</sub> kíle<sub>T</sub> seta<sub>M</sub>.''
+** (I know this.)
+** “I know this.”
+* Message ({{Sc|mss}}): ''ii-''
+** ''Iya<sub>S</sub> iikíle<sub>M</sub> seta<sub>R</sub>.''
+** (I send knowledge to this.)
+** “I teach this (student).”
+The semantic roles of receiver, transfer, and message are not marked if their position in a word has not changed from the base SRTM order and they are a noun, verb, and noun repsectively.
+Role descriptors:
+* Present Actor ({{Sc|prac}}): unmarked
+* Potential Actor ({{Sc|poac}}): ''-''(''o'')''y''
+* Performance ({{Sc|pfmc}}): ''-êl''
+* Identity ({{Sc|idty}}): ''-rî''
+* Condition ({{Sc|cdtn}}): -(''ẏ'')''ss''