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Magikoe: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "'''Magikoe''' [máɟìkó͜e] is a language. == Phonology == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m '''m''' |n '''n''' |ɲ '''ny''' | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !Aspirate | |tʰ '''t''' | |kʰ '''q''' | |- !Tenuis |p '''p''' |t '''d''' |c '''c''' |k '''k''' |ʔ '''’''' |- !Voiced |b '''b''' | | |ɡ '''g''' | |- ! colspan="2" |Affricate | |t͡s '''ts''' |t͡ʃ '''ch''' | | |- ! colspan="2" |Fricative..."
 
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== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-Converb-Noun-CaseNoun.
The word order is Place-Verb-Time-Topic-coverb-Noun-CaseNoun.


The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.
The topic overlaps strongly with the typical object of a sentence, as it is given much more importance than the agent in most cases outside of when the agent is being emphasized. Verbs with English translations that imply the subject's agency do not necessarily translate as giving the topic agency in the syntax of Magikoe. An example of this being the verb ''rewo'' meaning "to play music". The sentence ''Huru rewori ko''' translates to "The dog is listening to music" even though the direct translation would say "The dog is playing music". The music is being played, but the topic is not the player of the music.
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The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.
The place word is not inflected for anything and can be any part of speech.


The post-converb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.
The post-coverb noun denotes whichever noun fulfills a second role implied by the verb, used for transitive statements.


The verb, topic, and converb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the converb cannot be said alone.
The verb, topic, and coverb are obligatory in complete sentences. Responses, corrections, and statements of surprise can omit any of them, but the coverb cannot be said alone.


== Morphology ==
== Morphology ==
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=== Gender ===
=== Gender ===
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and converbs.
There are two genders, masculine and feminine, though they do not correspond to masculinity and feminity when applied to humans. They are marked on nouns, verbs, and coverbs.


The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.
The first noun (topic) and second noun always have their own gender. Nouns that follow the second noun always agree with the second noun. Nouns in a clause modifying the topic agree with the gender of the topic. Nouns in a clause modifying a non-topic noun or other word agree with the opposite gender of the word they're modifying, a feature called "gender disagreement". Although adjectives are not marked for gender, adjectives are still said to agree with nouns because in clauses modifying an adjective, it's the noun's gender that is disagreed with.
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|/Ø/
|/Ø/
|}
|}
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant, postvocalic /i/, or postnasal /u/, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.


Converbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.
Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.


=== Cases ===
=== Cases ===
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! colspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
!Translative
|-
|-
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!-Ø
!-Ø
| -de
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -u
| -ō
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
| -tse
|-
|-
!-m
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mon
| -mō
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
| -mde
|-
|-
!-n
!-n
| -nre
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -non
| -nō
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
| -nhe
|-
|-
!-'
!-'
| -'e
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -'u
| -o
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
| -'te
|-
|-
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!-i
!-i
| -e
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yu
| -yo
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
| -iche
|-
|-
!-ē
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
| -ēhe
|-
|-
!-ō
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
| -ōfe
|-
|-
!-mi
!-mi
| -mie
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -mun
| -miu
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
| -ntse
|-
|-
!-ni
!-ni
| -nye
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
| -nche
|-
|-
!-'i
!-'i
| -ce
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cun
| -cu
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
| -itse
|-
|-
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!-n
!-n
| -ne
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -m
| -mo
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
| -chi
|-
|-
!-no
!-no
| -no'
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nōn
| -nō
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
| -node
|-
|-
!-ne
!-ne
| -ne'
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neon
| -neo
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
| -nechi
|-
|-
!-na
!-na
| -na'
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nam
| -nau
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
| -nae
|-
|-
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!-ni
!-ni
| -ni'
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -nyum
| -yō
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
| -ite
|-
|-
!-nō
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
| -ote
|-
|-
!-nē
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
| -ete
|-
|-
!-nai
!-nai
| -naye
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
| -aite
|-
|-
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!-a
!-a
| -a'
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ām
| -ā
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
| -ate
|-
|-
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!-ai
!-ai
| -ae
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -aun
| -ayo
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
| -eite
|}
|}


== Lexicon ==
== Lexicon ==
=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |1P
! colspan="3" |2P
! colspan="2" |3P
! rowspan="3" |Generic
|-
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
! colspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
!Plural
! rowspan="2" |Numberless
! rowspan="2" |Semiplural
|-
!Narrow Inclusive
!Broad Inclusive
!Exclusive
!Broad Inclusive
|-
! rowspan="2" |Feminine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |men
|en ka'
|aen qi
|aen te
|aon te
| rowspan="2" |ki
|qin ka'
|qin ho
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|no nyo
|-
!Rapid
|enga
|enki
|ende
|ande
|qinga
|qinyo
|nyonga
|noyo
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
!Typical
| rowspan="2" |hen
|ma ka'
|ara qi
|ara te
|ā te
| rowspan="2" |gi
|qa ka'
|qa ho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|na nyo
|-
!Rapid
|maga
|raki
|rade
|ade
|qaga
|qao
|nyaga
|nayo
|}
==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).
==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.
==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.
==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.
Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.
Very informal speech, regardless of speech speed, uses only one pronoun ''ka'' for all semiplurals.


=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)
arm: batso (matso, F)
 
cat: māchi (pāchi, M)
 
chest: ofu (rofu, F)


cat: māchi (M)
cloud: ōfe (yōfe, M)


chest: ofu (F)
dawn: amwai (ramwai, F)


cloud: ōfe (M)
day: eo (reo, F)


dawn: amwai (F)
[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe#Magikoe|Dochiroe]] (Nochiroe, M)


day: eo (F)
dog: furu (puru, F)


dog: furu (F)
dusk: 'ohoe (hohoe, M)


dusk: 'ohoe (M)
ear: hemyi (emyi, M)


ear: emyi (M)
elbow: hanro (fanro, F)


elbow: hanro (F)
eye: kui (qui, F)


eye: kui (F)
face: hapi (api, M)


face: hapi (M)
foot: mami (ami, F)


foot: ami (F)
hair: mochi (ochi, F)


hair: mochi (F)
hand: tatsi (datsi, F)


hand: tatsi (F)
head: ita (yita, M)


head: ita (M)
hips: hoedai (oedai, M)


hips: oedai (M)
human: magi (agi, F)


human: magi (F)
knee: toko (doko, F)


knee: doko (F)
lake: 'egi (hegi, M)


lake: hegi (M)
leg: awa (rawa, F)


leg: awa (F)
'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe#Magikoe|Magikoe]] (Agikoe, F)


moon: kōm (F)
moon: kōm (F)
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sun: heo (F)
sun: heo (F)


tongue: koe (M)
tongue: koe ('oe, M)


waist: onī (M)
waist: onī (M)


=== Verb ===
=== Verb ===
come: abu (as a converb, denotes futureness or purpose)
come: abu (as a coverb, denotes futureness or purpose)


give: ene (as a converb, denotes benefit or positivity)
give: ene (as a coverb, denotes benefit or positivity)


have: a'da (as a converb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)
have: a'da (as a coverb, denotes pastness, completion, or experience)


leave: tetso (as a converb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)
leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)


lie down: funui (as a converb, denotes ease or willingness)
lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)


play music: rewo
play music: rewo
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see: mei
see: mei


sit: ko' (as a converb, denotes presentness or focus)
sit: ko' (as a coverb, denotes presentness or focus)


speak: watsai (as a converb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)
speak: watsai (as a coverb, denotes hearsay, hypotheticals, or concepts)


stay: qoi (as a converb, denotes simultaneity)
stay: qoi (as a coverb, denotes simultaneity)


write: tamu
write: tamu
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