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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
A major development in nouns is the complete loss of the definite forms, being replaced by the independent "hinn", which precedes the noun, triggering nasal mutation in some forms.
Nouns have been reduced down to a basic singular/plural distinction, with the masc/fem distinction only maintained in the singular and when paired with the article ''{{lang|snon|{{term|hin}}}}''.


Many of the forms have merged, this leads to a far stricter word order.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Noun declensions|tall=yes}}
:The nominative and accusative merged together in the mid 1700's, leading to a necessarily stricter word order. The neuter has also merged with the masculine. The masculine genitive has also fallen together, while it remains distinct in feminine nouns. The singular direct and dative have also merged, with the masculine genitive being identical to these forms as well. (see the table for ''{{lang|snon|ald}}'')
! class=outer rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | masculine
| class=separator rowspan=4 |
! colspan=2 | feminine
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|-ᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|-arr}}
| {{lang|snon|-}}
| {{lang|snon|-arr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin h-ᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin h-arr}}
| {{lang|snon|hin -}}
| {{lang|snon|hin -arr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


The genitive singular has two endings, these are highly consistent, being a null ending in the masculine and -arr in the feminine.
''All'' nouns fit into one of these two patterns, regardless the forms in Old Norse. Below are several examples.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|ald}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|aldᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|aldarr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin h-aldᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin h-aldarr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


The genitive has been increasingly falling out of use over the past two centuries, and is now largely superseded by constructions like "at [possessor (in dative)]".
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|hàet}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|hàetᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hàtarr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin 'àetᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin 'àtarr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


Younger (< age 35) speakers only distinguish three forms; the singular, the direct plural, and the dative plural. The singular is split into direct vs dative when paired with an article, but it is otherwise the same for both.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|hàmar}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
====Strong nouns====
! class=outer |
=====Masculines=====
! singular
These first few are a-stems.
! plural
{{snon-decl|ald|1l=h-ald}}
|-
{{snon-decl|hàt|hàet|1l='àt|2l='àet}}
! indefinite
{{snon-decl|r=y|hàmar|1l='àmar}}
| {{lang|snon|hàmarᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hàmararr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin 'àmarᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin 'àmararr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


The masculine i-stem has also merged with the a-stem.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|bèdh}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
{{snon-decl|bèdh|1l=bhèdh}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|bèdhᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|bèdharr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin bhèdhᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin bhèdharr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


As has the u-stem.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|bòegh}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
{{snon-decl|bògh|bòegh|1l=bhògh|2l=bhòegh}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|bòeghᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|bògharr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin bhòeghᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin bhògharr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


The following were originally neuter, but various changes have merged them with the masculine.
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|màel}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
{{snon-decl|màl|màel|1l=mhàl|2l=mhàel}}
! class=outer |
{{snon-decl|post|poest|1l=phost|2l=phoest}}
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|màelᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|màlarr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin mhàelᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin mhàlarr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


=====Feminines=====
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|poest}}}}'' (masculine)|tall=y}}
{{snon-decl|arrv}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|poestᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|postarr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin phoestᶫ}}
| {{lang|snon|hin phostarr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
 
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Declension of ''{{lang|snon|{{term|arrv}}}}'' (feminine)|tall=y}}
! class=outer |
! singular
! plural
|-
! indefinite
| {{lang|snon|arrv}}
| {{lang|snon|arrvarr}}
|-
! definite
| {{lang|snon|hin arrv}}
| {{lang|snon|hin arrvarr}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
As with nouns, the definiteness distinction has been lost in adjectives, though it was lost far earlier than in nouns, this is attributed to the increasing reliance on the noun for definiteness. (Which itself too eventually fell to the use of "hi")
Adjectives have essentially lost all declension, at most declining for gender, where the forms are identical, the only difference being that the masculine form triggers lenition. (see ''{{lang|snon|{{term|sèl}}}}'')


The forms of adjectives quickly began falling together, with the nominative/accusative distinction being lost quite early on.
Both the comparative and superlative forms were lost by the time of Sudrey Norse, being replaced with the usage of {{lang|snon|{{term|mèr}}}} ("more") and {{lang|snon|{{term|mast}}}} ("most"), so rather than, say, Old Norse "beztr" (hypothetical Scots Norse **{{lang|snon|bast}}) for "better", it is instead {{lang|snon|mèr ghòedh}} (lit. "more good").
{{snon-decl-adj|sèl}}


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
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The original mediopassive indicative only remains in a small set of verbs acting as a reciprocal, typically physical actions taken towards others, like {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to fight"), {{lang|snon|{{term|slà}}}} ("to hit"), {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to embrace"), as well as a few abstract verbs, such as {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to love"). Otherwise it's been replaced by {{lang|snon|{{term|hìnu n-onaru}}}}
The original mediopassive indicative only remains in a small set of verbs acting as a reciprocal, typically physical actions taken towards others, like {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to fight"), {{lang|snon|{{term|slà}}}} ("to hit"), {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to embrace"), as well as a few abstract verbs, such as {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to love"). Otherwise it's been replaced by {{lang|snon|{{term|hìnu n-onaru}}}}
====Strong verbs====
Strong verbs have survived rather well into Scots Norse, at times weak verbs have been made strong (though the opposite has also happened).
=====Class 1=====
=====Class 2=====
=====Class 3=====
=====Class 4=====
=====Class 5=====
=====Class 6=====
=====Class 7=====


====Weak verbs====
Verbs have reduced to such a limited number of forms that analogy and sound changes have leveled them all down to essentially one pattern (excluding a few irregular verbs), which seemingly descends from Old Norse's weak class 2 pattern.
=====Class 1=====
Class 1 has entirely been lost, having shifted to class 2.
=====Class 2=====
{{snon-conj-weak2|tàl|tòl|tàel}}


{{snon-conj|tàl|tòl|tàel}}


{{snon-conj-weak2|mèl|4=mèol}}
 
{{snon-conj|mèl}}
{{lang|snon|mèl}} was originally a class 1 verb.
{{lang|snon|mèl}} was originally a class 1 verb.
=====Class 3=====
 


====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
There is only one known suppletive verb in Scots Norse, that being the copula ''{{lang|snon|vèr}}'', and even it has been leveled by many speakers.
{{snon-conj-vèr}}
"arr" and "varr" are the more prevalent forms, but the regularized forms "vèrarr" and "vèradharr" are also rather common.


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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Allir menn eru bornir frjálsir ok jafnir at virðingu ok réttum. Þeir eru allir viti gœddir ok samvizku, ok skulu gøra hvárr til annars bróðurliga.
Allir menn eru bornir frjálsir ok jafnir at virðingu ok réttum. Þeir eru allir viti gœddir ok samvizku, ok skulu gøra hvárr til annars bróðurliga.
====Scots Norse====
====Scots Norse====
{{lang|snon|alarr ma n-èor bhorrnarr friàlsarr o hiavnarr, hàevn vhirrdhing h-o rhèot h-atharr. tèrr èor h-alarr vìt gaèdarr o shanviosc, o shcùl gaèr vhàrr til anarr bhròdhorrligh.}}
{{lang|snon|èor mhanarr al bhori mhriàl h-o hiavn, vèrann vhirrdhing o rhèt h-atharr. vèrann gaèdhadh h-o shanvisc h-atharr, o shcùl ghèor thil bròdhligh hionn.}} </br>
:alarr ma n-èor bhorrnarr friàlsarr o hiavnarr, hàevn vhirrdhing h-o rhèot h-atharr. tèrr èor h-alarr vìt gaèdarr o shanviosc, o shcùl gaèr vhàrr til anarr bhròdhorrligh.
èor mhanarr al bhori mhriàl h-o hiavn, vèrann vhirrdhing o rhèt h-atharr. vèrann gaèdhadh h-o shanvisc h-atharr, o shcùl ghèor thil bròdhligh hionn.


=====English translation=====
=====English translation=====
:lit: "all men are born free and equal, being dignity and rights at them. they are all endowed to reason and to conscience, and should act each to others to brotherly(ness)"
:lit: "all men are born free and equal, being dignity and rights at them. being reason and conscience at them, and should act to brotherhood at each other"
:"all men are born free and equal, having dignity and rights. they are all endowed with reason and conscience, and should act to eachother as a brotherhood"
:"all men are born free and equal, having dignity and rights. they have reason and conscience, and should act to eachother as a brotherhood"


===Deor===
===Deor===
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