Linguifex

Magikoe: Difference between revisions

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|/Ø/
|/Ø/
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Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant and /u/ after a nasal, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.
Verbs agree with the gender of the topic. On vebs, feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ri'', which elides any preceding consonant, postvocalic /i/, or postnasal /u/, and raises preceding /o/ to [u] if the /o/ after a nasal. The masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-am'' which combines with word-final vowels /i e u o a/ to make /jaːm eːm oːm aːm am/.


coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.
Coverbs agree with the gender of the noun following them. If there is no noun, they are not inflected for gender. The feminine gender is marked with the suffix -''ya'', replacing the preceding vowel or consonant, and the masculine gender is marked with the suffix ''-ta'', which becomes ''-da'' after /m n ʔ/, with /m n/ being deleted.


=== Cases ===
=== Cases ===
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! colspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |
!Instrumental
!Instrumental
!Lative
!Vocative
!Vocative
!Benefactive
!Benefactive
!Allative
!Translative
!Translative
|-
|-
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!-Ø
!-Ø
| -de
| -de
| -ki
| -u
| -u
| -ō
| -ō
| -ki
| -tse
| -tse
|-
|-
!-m
!-m
| -mbe
| -mbe
| -mbi
| -mon
| -mon
| -mō
| -mō
| -mbi
| -mde
| -mde
|-
|-
!-n
!-n
| -nre
| -nre
| -ngi
| -non
| -non
| -nō
| -nō
| -ngi
| -nhe
| -nhe
|-
|-
!-'
!-'
| -'e
| -'e
| -'ke
| -'u
| -'u
| -o
| -o
| -'ke
| -'te
| -'te
|-
|-
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!-i
!-i
| -e
| -e
| -i'i
| -yu
| -yu
| -yo
| -yo
| -i'i
| -iche
| -iche
|-
|-
!-ē
!-ē
| -ēi
| -ēi
| -ē'
| -ēm
| -ēm
| -ēu
| -ēu
| -ē'
| -ēhe
| -ēhe
|-
|-
!-ō
!-ō
| -ōe
| -ōe
| -ō'
| -ōm
| -ōm
| -ōwo
| -ōwo
| -ō'
| -ōfe
| -ōfe
|-
|-
!-mi
!-mi
| -mie
| -mie
| -mi'
| -mun
| -mun
| -miu
| -miu
| -mi'
| -ntse
| -ntse
|-
|-
!-ni
!-ni
| -nye
| -nye
| -nki
| -nun
| -nun
| -nyu
| -nyu
| -nki
| -nche
| -nche
|-
|-
!-'i
!-'i
| -ce
| -ce
| -'ki
| -cun
| -cun
| -cu
| -cu
| -'ki
| -itse
| -itse
|-
|-
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!-n
!-n
| -ne
| -ne
| -ni
| -m
| -m
| -mo
| -mo
| -ni
| -chi
| -chi
|-
|-
!-no
!-no
| -no'
| -no'
| -noi
| -nōn
| -nōn
| -nō
| -nō
| -noi
| -node
| -node
|-
|-
!-ne
!-ne
| -ne'
| -ne'
| -nei
| -neon
| -neon
| -neo
| -neo
| -nei
| -nechi
| -nechi
|-
|-
!-na
!-na
| -na'
| -na'
| -na'i
| -nam
| -nam
| -nau
| -nau
| -na'i
| -nae
| -nae
|-
|-
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!-ni
!-ni
| -ni'
| -ni'
| -nī
| -nyum
| -nyum
| -yō
| -yō
| -nī
| -ite
| -ite
|-
|-
!-nō
!-nō
| -nōe
| -nōe
| -nō'i
| -nūm
| -nūm
| -nōu
| -nōu
| -nō'i
| -ote
| -ote
|-
|-
!-nē
!-nē
| -nēyi
| -nēyi
| -nē'i
| -nēum
| -nēum
| -nēo
| -nēo
| -nē'i
| -ete
| -ete
|-
|-
!-nai
!-nai
| -naye
| -naye
| -nahi
| -naun
| -naun
| -nayu
| -nayu
| -nahi
| -aite
| -aite
|-
|-
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!-a
!-a
| -a'
| -a'
| -ayi
| -ām
| -ām
| -ā
| -ā
| -ayi
| -ate
| -ate
|-
|-
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!-ai
!-ai
| -ae
| -ae
| -eyi
| -aun
| -aun
| -ayo
| -ayo
| -eyi
| -eite
| -eite
|}
|}
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| rowspan="2" |go
| rowspan="2" |go
|nyon ka'
|nyon ka'
| -
|no nyo
|-
|-
!Rapid
!Rapid
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|qinyo
|qinyo
|nyonga
|nyonga
| -
|noyo
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
! rowspan="2" |Masculine
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| rowspan="2" |cho
| rowspan="2" |cho
|nya ka'
|nya ka'
| -
|na nyo
|-
|-
!Rapid
!Rapid
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|qao
|qao
|nyaga
|nyaga
| -
|nayo
|-
!Neuter
!Typical
|em
|em ka'
|ari qi
|ari te
|ao te
|qi
|qi ka'
|qi ho
|nyo
|nyo ka'
|en nyo
|}
|}


==== Number ====
==== Number ====
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).
Numberless pronouns can be used for both singular and plural contexts, but not if the plurality extends into another personhood category. Semiplurals are generic pronouns but with an emphasis on a specific personhood (e.g. the first person semiplural is a generic pronoun with an emphasis on the speaker).
==== Generic Pronouns ====
Feminine generic pronouns are more aptly described animate generic pronouns, and the masculine generic pronouns inanimate generic pronouns. The former refers only to people or willing agents, while the latter refers only to non-living things, patients, or unwilling agents.


==== Clusivity ====
==== Clusivity ====
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusivity of second person.
When the plurality extends into another personhood category, the pronoun is marked for clusivity. There are three types of clusivity: narrow inclusive, broad inclusive, and exclusive. Narrow inclusivity refers to the exclusion of third person. Broad inclusivity refers to the inclusion of third person. Exclusivity refers to the exclusion of second person.
 
==== Gender ====
Neuter non-generic pronouns can be used interchangeably with their gendered variants. The gender of a plural pronoun is dependent on the gender of the addressee for inclusive pronouns and the gender of the non-speaker referent for exclusive pronouns.


==== Formality ====
==== Formality ====
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.
First person semiplural is used most often in formal speech. Second person semiplural is used most often by a social superior to a social inferior. Third person semiplural is most often used in informal speech.
Neuter gender is favored more than feminine or masculine gender in formal speech.


Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.
Rapid pronoun forms only occur in informal or neutral formality speech, not formal or very informal speech.
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=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
arm: matso (F)
arm: batso (matso, F)
 
cat: māchi (pāchi, M)
 
chest: ofu (rofu, F)


cat: māchi (M)
cloud: ōfe (yōfe, M)


chest: ofu (F)
dawn: amwai (ramwai, F)


cloud: ōfe (M)
day: eo (reo, F)


dawn: amwai (F)
[[Dochiroe]]: [[Contionary:Dochiroe#Magikoe|Dochiroe]] (Nochiroe, M)


day: eo (F)
dog: furu (puru, F)


dog: furu (F)
dusk: 'ohoe (hohoe, M)


dusk: 'ohoe (M)
ear: hemyi (emyi, M)


ear: emyi (M)
elbow: hanro (fanro, F)


elbow: hanro (F)
eye: kui (qui, F)


eye: kui (F)
face: hapi (api, M)


face: hapi (M)
foot: mami (ami, F)


foot: ami (F)
hair: mochi (ochi, F)


hair: mochi (F)
hand: tatsi (datsi, F)


hand: tatsi (F)
head: ita (yita, M)


head: ita (M)
hips: hoedai (oedai, M)


hips: oedai (M)
human: magi (agi, F)


human: magi (F)
knee: toko (doko, F)


knee: doko (F)
lake: 'egi (hegi, M)


lake: hegi (M)
leg: awa (rawa, F)


leg: awa (F)
'''Magikoe''': [[Contionary:Magikoe#Magikoe|Magikoe]] (Agikoe, F)


moon: kōm (F)
moon: kōm (F)
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sun: heo (F)
sun: heo (F)


tongue: koe (M)
tongue: koe ('oe, M)


waist: onī (M)
waist: onī (M)
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leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)
leave: tetso (as a coverb, denotes purpose, unknown outcome or freedom)


lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease or willingness)
lie down: funui (as a coverb, denotes ease, ability, or willingness)


play music: rewo
play music: rewo
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