Cabot Creole: Difference between revisions

(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

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*Plain stops and affricates are voiced intervocalically, including across word boundaries; /t/ is voiced as [ɾ].

*Sibilants are realized as postalveolar before /j/ and front vowels, including across word boundaries.

*/w ɹ j/ not adjacent to a vowel become /i ə o/.

*Some speakers insert [ʔ] between vowels on word boundaries and before utterance-initial vowels.

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*Final vowels in agreement prefixes are deleted before other vowels; deleted nasalized vowels nasalize the following vowel.

*Indefinite patient agreement is also used for intransitive verbs, and indefinite>indefinite agreement is used for impersonal verbs.

*Verbs with adjective-like meanings and two non-indefinite arguments are often semantically comparative.

See also [[Cabot Creole#Nouns|Nouns]] for agreement as possessive marking.

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! {{gcl|Q}} !! {{gcl|REP|repetitive}} !! {{gcl|COIN}} !! {{gcl|NEG}} !! {{gcl|OPT}} !! {{gcl|CLOC}}<br>{{gcl|TLOC}} !! {{gcl|PTV}} !! agreement !! incorporated<br>noun

| stem

! {{gcl|PFV}}<br>{{gcl|PUNC}} !! {{gcl|CAUS}} !! {{gcl|NZ}}

! {{gcl|PFV}}<br>{{gcl|PUNC}} !! {{gcl|INST}} !! {{gcl|CAUS}} !! {{gcl|NZ}}

|}

====Coincident and motion====

Coincident ''ts-'' marks simultaneous action, and forms relative clauses.

''t-'' and ''ya:w-'' mark cislocative and translocative motion respectively; the cislocative is also used to mark imperatives (though ''-thamąrę́'' is used periphrastically for prohibitives), and the translocative is also used to mark superlative adjective-like verbs.

====Partitive and instrumental====

Partitive ''li-'' singularizes or otherwise reduces a verb's agent.

Instrumental ''-quhi'' marks an incorporated noun as an instrument or means.

====Questions and negation====

Questions and negation are marked by verb prefixes ''to-'' and ''te-'' ~~(realized as ''tow-'' and ''te’-'' before vowels)~~ respectively.

Questions and negation are marked by verb prefixes ''to-'' and ''te-'' respectively.

===Numerals===

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 *Plain stops and affricates are voiced intervocalically, including across word boundaries; /t/ is voiced as [ɾ].
 *Sibilants are realized as postalveolar before /j/ and front vowels, including across word boundaries.
+*/w ɹ j/ not adjacent to a vowel become /i ə o/.
 *Some speakers insert [ʔ] between vowels on word boundaries and before utterance-initial vowels.
@@ Line 163: / Line 164: @@
 *Final vowels in agreement prefixes are deleted before other vowels; deleted nasalized vowels nasalize the following vowel.
 *Indefinite patient agreement is also used for intransitive verbs, and indefinite>indefinite agreement is used for impersonal verbs.
+*Verbs with adjective-like meanings and two non-indefinite arguments are often semantically comparative.
 See also [[Cabot Creole#Nouns|Nouns]] for agreement as possessive marking.
@@ Line 173: / Line 175: @@
 ! {{gcl|Q}} !! {{gcl|REP|repetitive}} !! {{gcl|COIN}} !! {{gcl|NEG}} !! {{gcl|OPT}} !! {{gcl|CLOC}}<br>{{gcl|TLOC}} !! {{gcl|PTV}} !! agreement !! incorporated<br>noun
 | stem
-! {{gcl|PFV}}<br>{{gcl|PUNC}} !! {{gcl|CAUS}} !! {{gcl|NZ}}
+! {{gcl|PFV}}<br>{{gcl|PUNC}} !! {{gcl|INST}} !! {{gcl|CAUS}} !! {{gcl|NZ}}
 |}
+====Coincident and motion====
+Coincident ''ts-'' marks simultaneous action, and forms relative clauses.
+''t-'' and ''ya:w-'' mark cislocative and translocative motion respectively; the cislocative is also used to mark imperatives (though ''-thamąrę́'' is used periphrastically for prohibitives), and the translocative is also used to mark superlative adjective-like verbs.
+====Partitive and instrumental====
+Partitive ''li-'' singularizes or otherwise reduces a verb's agent.
+Instrumental ''-quhi'' marks an incorporated noun as an instrument or means.
 ====Questions and negation====
-Questions and negation are marked by verb prefixes ''to-'' and ''te-'' (realized as ''tow-'' and ''te’-'' before vowels) respectively.
+Questions and negation are marked by verb prefixes ''to-'' and ''te-'' respectively.
 ===Numerals===