QtolqjimctadûTolsi: Difference between revisions

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=====Future=====
=====Future=====
In the indicative mood, there is a "general future" (''futur général''), which indicates event that are yet to happen. There are also a so-called "retrospective future" (''futur rétrospectif''), and a "proximity future" (''futur de proximité''), which is meant to express the inchoative aspect. They are both built analytically.
In the indicative mood, there is a "general future" (''futur général''), which indicates event that are yet to happen. There are also a so-called "retrospective future" (''futur rétrospectif''), and a "proximity future" (''futur de proximité''), which is meant to express the inchoative aspect. They are both built analytically.
====Negation====
QtolqjimctadûB uses double negation, with a negation verb. There are two possible constructions :
*Nî + subject + conjugated verb + infinitive "daer"
*Subject + conjugated verb "daer" + infinitive verb


====Conjugation tables====
====Conjugation tables====
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
*Sentences with a stative verbs have a different constituent order depending on whether the attribute is an adjective or a noun phrase ; in the first case, it is akin to a SVO order, in the second, to an OSV order :
*The basic constituent order of a declarative sentence is SVO (Subject - Verb - Object).
 
*questions are formed by inversing verb and subject (VSO).
"I am Tolsian" (the speaker is a woman) : êü kalûaqni tke? ctolqjimke.
 
Subject + "to be" + subject particle + "Tolsian" (f.sg.)
 
"I am a (Tolsian) woman" : Ad tke? mqarea (ctolqjimke) êü kalûaqni.
 
Article + subject particle + "woman" (+ "Tolsian") + subject + "to be".
 
*The basic constituent order of a declarative sentence is SVO.
Example : "I am wasting my time" : Êü kavaqni çcteëm nda tÿmg kabbhe. 
 
Subject pronoun + "to have" + substantival present participle of the verb "to lose" + particle "in, from, of" + "time" + possessive pronoun "mine".


===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
If there is a determiner (for example, a definiteness article), it is placed at the beginning of the noun phrase. If there is an adjective, it can be placed either right before, or right after, the noun it qualifies. Most particles are placed between a determiner and the adjective + noun (or noun + adjective) group. A prepositional phrase or clause comes after.
If there is a determiner (for example, a definiteness article), it is placed at the beginning of the noun phrase. If there is an adjective, it can be placed either right before, or right after, the noun it qualifies. Most particles are placed between a determiner and the adjective + noun (or noun + adjective) group. A prepositional phrase or clause comes after.
 
*Sentences with a stative verb use the so-called subject particle, which is used with stative verbs to introduce the subject's attribute. It can take two different forms, usually depending on whether the subject is animate (particle "tke?") or inanimate (particle "ke?"), but also potentially on whether the relationship between subject and attribute is perceived as "temporary" or "eternal".
Example :
 
"I am Tolsian" (the speaker is a woman) : êü kalûaqni tke? ctolqjimke.
 
Subject + "to be" + subject particle + "Tolsian" (f.sg.)
 
*Genitive phrase :
*Genitive phrase :


"My mother" : (Pnÿ) êüdô maîha.
"My mother" : (article) êüdô maîha.


(Definite article) + Subject pronoun + possessive particle suffix + "mother".
(Definite article) + Subject pronoun + possessive particle suffix + "mother".
"My mother" : Ne maîha kabħa.
"Possessed" particle + "mother" + possessive pronoun.
"This is my mother" : Fe kalûa ne maîha kabħa.
Demonstrative pronoun + "to be" + "possessed" particle + "mother" + possessive pronoun.
"Mine" : Pnÿ kabħa.
Definite article + possessive pronoun.
"It is mine" : Fe kalûa pnÿ kabħa.
Demonstrative pronoun + "to be" + definite article + possessive pronoun.


===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===