Ŧœlsin: Difference between revisions

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*Superlative of inferiority : (êl, la) mi+ADJ

===Verbs===

Verbs inflect in tense, mood, and ~~person~~. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person.

Verbs inflect in tense, mood, person and animatedness. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person.

But it is very common that only the third person be used, and the subject pronoun be placed after the thus conjugated verb.

Verbs endings usually are either -ƃ or -æ̊r. There are two kinds of conjugation, one for animate beings and one for inanimate things. To conjugate a verb, the infinitive ending drops and is replaced by the conjugated ending.

Verbs endings usually are either -ƃ or -æ̊r. There are two kinds of conjugation, one for animate beings and one for inanimate things. The inanimate conjugation mostly consists of a lengthening of the desinence vowel. To conjugate a verb, the infinitive ending drops and is replaced by the conjugated ending.

====Indicative====

Tenses which correspond, roughly, to Perfect Past, Future Perfect, and Pluperfect are, similarly to the Past Imperative, built with a suffixed tense morpheme.

{| class="wikitable"

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====Imperative====

In the imperative, the subject is placed right after the verb which is mandatorily conjugated depending on that subject.

{| class="wikitable"

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The phoneme /ɫ/ no longer exists in modern Ŧœlsin but some speakers actually keep remains of it in their speech.

====Conditional====

Conditional is built with the modal auxiliary « ƿ̈ », /wij/. The structure of a conditional sentence is :

*Subject + Verb (infinitive) + ƿ̈

Past conditional is built upon the very same structure, only the past of the modal auxiliary is used :

*Subject + Verb (infinitive) + ƿ̈ld /wi:ld/ (sometimes /wiɫd/)

The conditional and the subjunctive have the same form for both animate and inanimate subjects.

====Subjunctive====

There is no actual subjunctive in Ŧœlsin. But a specific sentence structure is used :

*(Main clause +) Subject + Particle ke? or dake? + Verb (infinitive)

Past subjunctive uses also the same structure, only the past infinitve is used.

The conditional and the subjunctive have the same form for both animate and inanimate subjects. However, with the subjunctive, it is more common to use « dake? » for animated subjects and « ke? » for inanimate subjects.

====Participles====

The participles are built by adding an ending to the verb stem.

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Participles

|-

! !! Animate !! Inanimate

|-

| Present || -ƿ /wi/ (if the verb stems already ends in -ƿ, then they coalesce into -ƿ̈ /wij/|| -ƿ̃ /wi:/ (-ƿ̈ /wij/)

|-

| Past || -Cild /ild/ ; -Vld /ld/ || -Cĩld /i:ld/ ; -Ṽld /:ld/

|}

Where C stands for a verb stem ending in a consonant, and V for a verb stem ending in a vowel.

===Adverbs===

===Particles===

Particles are function words that include prepositions, postpositions, conjunction words, etc.

*One notable particle is the so-called subject particle, which is used with stative verbs to introduce the subject's attribute. It can take two different forms, usually depending on whether the subject is an animate, temporary being/thing (particle "dake?") or an inanimate, everlasting thing (particle "ke?"). They are always written with question marks (no space between the particle and the question mark, contrarily to the use of question mark in interrogative sentences) but that does not influence the intonation.

===Derivational morphology===

@@ Line 422: / Line 422: @@
 *Superlative of inferiority : (êl, la) mi+ADJ
 ===Verbs===
-Verbs inflect in tense, mood, and person. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person.
+Verbs inflect in tense, mood, person and animatedness. There are four moods : two realis moods, the indicative and the so-called absolute (corresponds mostly to a gnomic aspect), and two irrealis moods, the conditional and the imperative. There are seven « persons » : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the polite person.
 But it is very common that only the third person be used, and the subject pronoun be placed after the thus conjugated verb.
-Verbs endings usually are either -ƃ or -æ̊r. There are two kinds of conjugation, one for animate beings and one for inanimate things. To conjugate a verb, the infinitive ending drops and is replaced by the conjugated ending.
+Verbs endings usually are either -ƃ or -æ̊r. There are two kinds of conjugation, one for animate beings and one for inanimate things. The inanimate conjugation mostly consists of a lengthening of the desinence vowel. To conjugate a verb, the infinitive ending drops and is replaced by the conjugated ending.
 ====Indicative====
+Tenses which correspond, roughly, to Perfect Past, Future Perfect, and Pluperfect are, similarly to the Past Imperative, built with a suffixed tense morpheme.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 597: / Line 598: @@
 ====Imperative====
+In the imperative, the subject is placed right after the verb which is mandatorily conjugated depending on that subject.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 631: / Line 633: @@
 The phoneme /ɫ/ no longer exists in modern Ŧœlsin but some speakers actually keep remains of it in their speech.
 ====Conditional====
+Conditional is built with the modal auxiliary « ƿ̈ », /wij/. The structure of a conditional sentence is :
+*Subject + Verb (infinitive) + ƿ̈
+Past conditional is built upon the very same structure, only the past of the modal auxiliary is used :
+*Subject + Verb (infinitive) + ƿ̈ld /wi:ld/ (sometimes /wiɫd/)
+The conditional and the subjunctive have the same form for both animate and inanimate subjects.
 ====Subjunctive====
+There is no actual subjunctive in Ŧœlsin. But a specific sentence structure is used :
+*(Main clause +) Subject + Particle ke? or dake? + Verb (infinitive)
+Past subjunctive uses also the same structure, only the past infinitve is used.
+The conditional and the subjunctive have the same form for both animate and inanimate subjects. However, with the subjunctive, it is more common to use « dake? » for animated subjects and « ke? » for inanimate subjects.
+====Participles====
+The participles are built by adding an ending to the verb stem.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Participles
+|-
+!  !! Animate !! Inanimate
+|-
+| Present || -ƿ /wi/ (if the verb stems already ends in -ƿ, then they coalesce into -ƿ̈ /wij/|| -ƿ̃ /wi:/ (-ƿ̈ /wij/)
+|-
+| Past || -Cild /ild/ ; -Vld /ld/ || -Cĩld /i:ld/ ; -Ṽld /:ld/
+|}
+Where C stands for a verb stem ending in a consonant, and V for a verb stem ending in a vowel.
 ===Adverbs===
 ===Particles===
+Particles are function words that include prepositions, postpositions, conjunction words, etc.
+*One notable particle is the so-called subject particle, which is used with stative verbs to introduce the subject's attribute. It can take two different forms, usually depending on whether the subject is an animate, temporary being/thing (particle "dake?") or an inanimate, everlasting thing (particle "ke?"). They are always written with question marks (no space between the particle and the question mark, contrarily to the use of question mark in interrogative sentences) but that does not influence the intonation.
 ===Derivational morphology===