Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

|name=Ancient Tevvic

|nativename={{l|tevo|~~चैवांता॔ण|tr=cēvạ̄tā́ṇa~~}}

|nativename={{l|tevo|चैवांता॑ण}}

|pronunciation=t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ

|ethnicity=Tevvics

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|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]

|fam2=Para-Germanic

|fam3=?

|fam3=Chlesamnic

|fam4=Tevvic

|script1=Deva

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}}

Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{l|tevo|चैवांता॔ण~~|tr=cēvạ̄tā́ṇa~~}}, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the Chlesamnic family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, and though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, it would largely avoid Sanskritization.

Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{lang|tevo|चैवांता॔ण}}, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the Chlesamnic family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, and though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, it would largely avoid Sanskritization.

Ancient Tevvic is the primary ancestor of the Tevvic branch of languages, which is comprised of a small group of relatively distantly related languages from across southeast Asia, largely focused on the Indian subcontinent.

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==Development==

===Classical===

*/ə/ > /i/

*/x/ > /h/

*/x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives.

*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/

*/c, ɟ/ > /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/

*/wu/ > /u/

*/VjV, VwV/ > /V:/

*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex (~~doesn't affect approximants~~ or affricates)

*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex (/ɻ, j, w/ or affricates)

** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped

*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy

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*overlong vowels to plain long

*/w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/

*/{rt,tr~~,rc,cr~~,rk,kr}, {rd,dr~~,rɟ,ɟr~~}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas

*/{rt,tr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rɕ,ɕr}, {rz,zr,rʑ,ʑr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas

*coda geminates to /Cʰ/

===Late===

*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/

*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/

*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction (mid/low)

*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout

*geminated aspirates to short

==Phonology==

===Vowels===

This first table is the set of "primary" vowels~~. The stressed variants take an scute marking, thus "प॔" for [ˈpɑ]~~.

This first table is the set of "primary" vowels.

{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"

|-

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! dependent

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|अ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|अ}}

| a

| [ɑ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|प}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|आ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|आ}}

| ā

| [ɑː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पा}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पा}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|इ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इ}}

| i

| [i]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पि}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पि}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ई}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ई}}

| ī

| [iː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पी}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पी}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|उ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उ}}

| u

| [u]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पु}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पु}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऊ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊ}}

| ū

| [uː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पू}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पू}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऍ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍ}}

| e

| [ɛ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॅ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऐ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐ}}

| ē

| [ɛː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पै}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पै}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऎ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎ}}

| ei

| [e]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॆ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ए}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ए}}

| ēi

| [eː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पे}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पे}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऑ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऑ}}

| o

| [ɔ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॉ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॉ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|औ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|औ}}

| ō

| [ɔː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पौ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पौ}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऒ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऒ}}

| ou

| [o]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॊ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॊ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ओ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ओ}}

| ōu

| [oː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पो}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पो}}

|-

|}

This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier~~, and their stressed variants take a grave marking in devanagari, rather than anusvara + acute, thus "प॓" for [ˈpə]~~.

This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier.

{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"

|-

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! dependent

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|अं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|अं}}

| ạ

| [ə]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|आं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|आं}}

| ạ̄

| [əː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पां}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पां}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|इं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इं}}

| ị

| [y]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पिं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पिं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ईं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ईं}}

| ị̄

| [yː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पीं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पीं}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|उं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उं}}

| ụ

| [ɨ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पुं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पुं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऊं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊं}}

| ụ̄

| [ɨː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पूं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पूं}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऍं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍं}}

| ẹ

| [œ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॅं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऐं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐं}}

| ẹ̄

| [œː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पैं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पैं}}

|-

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ऎं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎं}}

| ẹi

| [ø]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पॆं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|एं}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|एं}}

| ẹ̄i

| [øː]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|पें}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पें}}

|-

|}

Stress is marked through the udatta, such as {{lang|tevo|प॑}} ({{xlit|tevo|प॑}}), though the anudatta is common for tall symbols (as in "{{lang|tevo|पे॒}}" ({{xlit|tevo|"पे॒"}}))

===Consonants===

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| colspan=2 | unaspirated

| colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated

| colspan=~~2 | unaspirated~~

| colspan=8 | unaspirated

~~| colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated~~

~~| colspan=4~~ | unaspirated

|-

!Velar

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|क}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|क}}

|ka [k]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ख}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ख}}

|kha [kʰ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ग}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ग}}

|ga [ɡ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|घ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|घ}}

|gha [ɡʱ]

| colspan=4 |

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ह}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ह}}

|ha [h]

| colspan=2 |

|-

!Palatal

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|च}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|च}}

| ca [tɕ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|छ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|छ}}

|cha [tɕʰ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ज}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज}}

|ja [dʑ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|झ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ}}

|jha [dʑʱ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ञ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ञ}}

|ña [ɲ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|य}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|य}}

|ya [j]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|श}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|श}}

|śa [ɕ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|झ़}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ़}}

|źa [ʑ]

|-

!Retroflex

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ट}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ट}}

|ṭa [ʈ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ठ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ठ}}

|ṭha [ʈʰ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ड}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ड}}

|ḍa [ɖ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ढ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ}}

|ḍha [ɖʱ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ण}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ण}}

|ṇa [ɳ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|र}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|र}}

|ra [ɻ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ष}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ष}}

|ṣa [ʂ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ढ़}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ़}}

|ẓa [ʐ]

|-

!Dental

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|त}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|त}}

|ta [t̪]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|थ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|थ}}

|tha [t̪ʰ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|द}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|द}}

|da [d̪]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ध}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ध}}

|dha [d̪ʱ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|न}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|न}}

|na [n̪]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ल}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ल}}

|la [l]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|स}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|स}}

|sa [s]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ज़}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज़}}

|za [z]

|-

!Labial

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|प}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}

|pa [p]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|फ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|फ}}

|pha [pʰ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|ब}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ब}}

|ba [b]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|भ}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|भ}}

|bha [bʱ]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|म}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|म}}

|ma [m]

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|~~inc-Deva~~|व}}

| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|व}}

|va [ʋ]

| colspan=4|

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==Morphology==

All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in ~~'''''मंह॔ः'''''~~ (mạháh) but ~~'''''मंग॔ः'''''~~ (mạgáh).

All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in {{lang|tevo|मंहः॑}} (mạháh) but {{lang|tevo|मंगः॑}} (mạgáh).

===Nominals===

Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being ''number'', ''case'', ''gender'' (adjectives), and ''possessor'' (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.

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|-

! colspan=2 | 1st

| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr=(-mē)}}

| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-मै)}}}}

| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr=(-ạh)}}

| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-अंः)}}}}

|-

! colspan=2 | 2nd

| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr=(-tē)}}

| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-तै)}}}}

| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr=(-oh)}}

| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-ऑः)}}}}

|-

! rowspan=3 | 3rd

! class=secondary | masc./neut.

| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr=(-~~ṇạh~~)}}

| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-णंः)}}}}

| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr=(-~~nēsạ̄~~)}}

| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-नैसां)}}}}

|-

! class=secondary | fem.

! class=secondary rowspan=2 | fem.

| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr=(-~~nạsjāh~~)}}

| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-णंष्याः)}}}}

| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr=(-~~nīsạ̄~~)}}

| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr={{xlit|tevo|(-नीसां)}}}}

|-

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{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=a-stem masculine nouns (acrostatic)|tall=yes}}

! rowspan=2 class=outer |

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|~~उ॔ल्फंः|tr=úlphạh, "wolf"~~}}

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॑ल्फंः}}

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|~~फ॔ह्रंः|tr=pháhrạh, "riverbank"~~}}

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|फ॑ह्रंः}}

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|~~|tr=, ""~~}}

! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}}

|-

! singular

Line 349:

Line 359:

|-

! nominative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ंः (úlphạh)

| {{lang|tevo| उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ॉः (úlphoh)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (úlphoh)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ंः (pháhrạh)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ॉः (pháhroh)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (pháhroh)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! vocative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~् (úlph)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|्}} (úlph)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ॉः (úlphoh)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (úlphoh)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~् (pháhr)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|्}} (pháhr)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ॉः (pháhroh)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉः}} (pháhroh)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! accusative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ (úlpha)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|}} (úlpha)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ः (úlphah)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (úlphah)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ (pháhra)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|}} (pháhra)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ः (pháhrah)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (pháhrah)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! allative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ौर् (úlphōr)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ौर्}} (úlphōr)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ह्र्(úlphahr)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}}(úlphahr)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ौर् (pháhrōr)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ौर्}} (pháhrōr)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ह्र् (pháhrahr)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}} (pháhrahr)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! genitive

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ंः (úlphạh)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ां (úlphạ̄)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ां}} (úlphạ̄)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ंः (pháhrạh)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ां (pháhr~~ạ̄h~~)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ां}} (pháhrạ̄)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! ablative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ॅच् (úlphec)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}} (úlphec)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ः (úlphah)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (úlphah)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ॅच् (pháhrec)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}} (pháhrec)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ः (pháhrah)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ः}} (pháhrah)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! dative

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ै (úlphē)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ै}} (úlphē)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ैसॉ (úlphēso)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}} (úlphēso)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ै (pháhrē)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ै}} (pháhrē)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ैसॉ (pháhrēso)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}} (pháhrēso)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

! instrumental

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ॉ (úlpho)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ॉ}} (úlpho)

| ~~उ॔ल्फ~~ंः (úlphạh)

| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (úlphạh)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ॉ (pháhro)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ॉ}} (pháhro)

| ~~फ॔ह्र~~ंः (pháhrạh)

| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}{{lang|tevo|ंः}} (pháhrạh)

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

| ()

| {{lang|tevo|}}{{lang|tevo|}} ()

|-

Line 419:

Line 429:

===Prepositions===

===Verbs===

Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive.

{{inflection-table-top|title=Classical conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}

! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |

! colspan=6 | active

|-

! colspan=3 | indicative

! colspan=2 | subjunctive

! rowspan=2 | imperative

|-

! present

! past

! future

! present

! past

|-

! rowspan=3 | singular

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॉ}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्यॉ}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यां॑}}

| style="background:lightgrey" |

|-

! 2nd

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅः}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑स्त्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैः}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्}}

|-

! 3rd

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅथ्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅ॑स्च्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैथ्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}}

| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्थॉ}}

|-

! rowspan=3 | plural

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 2nd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 3rd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=8 | passive

|-

! rowspan=3 | singular

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 2nd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 3rd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! rowspan=3 | plural

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 2nd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 3rd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 |

! colspan=3 | active

! colspan=3 | passive

|-

! colspan=2 | infinitive

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 | present participle

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 | past participle

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

{{inflection-table-top|title=Late conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}

! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |

! colspan=6 | active

|-

! colspan=3 | indicative

! colspan=2 | subjunctive

! rowspan=2 | imperative

|-

! present

! past

! future

! present

! past

|-

! rowspan=2 | singular

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फॅधां॑}}

| style="background:lightgrey" |

|-

! 2nd/3rd

| {{lang|tevo|फैथॅः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फॅधॅः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}

|-

! rowspan=2 | plural

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|फैथ्मंः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|भिंथ॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैध॑मंः}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैथां॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फॅधुं॑}}

| style="background:lightgrey" |

|-

! 2nd/3rd

| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|भिः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैधः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फॅधिः॑}}

| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}

|-

! colspan=8 | passive

|-

! rowspan=2 | singular

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 2nd/3rd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! rowspan=2 | plural

! 1st

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! 2nd/3rd

| {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 |

! colspan=3 | active

! colspan=3 | passive

|-

! colspan=2 | infinitive

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 | present participle

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}

|-

! colspan=2 | past participle

| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}

|-

==Syntax==

Line 429:

Line 676:

:'''Original (English)'''

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

~~===The Cold Winter is Near===~~

~~{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"~~

~~! Tevvotanva~~

!

~~! English~~

|-

|

~~| &emsp;~~

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.~~

|-

|

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | Come in my warm house, o' friend.~~

|-

|

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!~~

|-

|

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | That is my plan.~~

|-

|

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.~~

|-

|

~~| style="font-style:italic;" | Oh, and warm soup!~~

|}

==Vocabulary==

Line 528:

Line 743:

{|class="wikitable"

!1

|{{l|tevo|~~ऐ॔णंः|tr=ḗṇạh~~}}

|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंः}}

|-

!2

|{{l|tevo|~~थ्वॅ॔ः|tr=thvéh~~}}

|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅः॑}}

|-

!3

|{{l|tevo|~~ठा॔ः|tr=ṭhā́h~~}}

|{{l|tevo|ठाः॑}}

|-

!4

|{{l|tevo|~~ष्ट्वा॔र्|tr=ṣṭvā́r~~}}

|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्वा॑र्}}

|-

!5

|{{l|tevo|~~प॔च्|tr=pác~~}}

|{{l|tevo|प॑च्}}

|-

!6

|{{l|tevo|~~स॔ख्श्|tr=sákhś~~}}

|{{l|tevo|स॑ख्श्}}

|-

!7

|{{l|tevo|~~ष॔वॉथ्|tr=ṣávoth~~}}

|{{l|tevo|ष॑वॉथ्}}

|-

!8

|{{l|tevo|~~अ॔ढ़्दॉथ्|tr=áẓdoth~~}}

|{{l|tevo|अ॑ढ़्दॉथ्}}

|-

!9

|{{l|tevo|~~न॔वॉथ्|tr=návoth~~}}

|{{l|tevo|न॑वॉथ्}}

|-

!10

|{{l|tevo|~~च॔हॉथ्|tr=cáhoth~~}}

|{{l|tevo|च॑हॉथ्}}

|-

!11

|{{l|tevo|~~|tr=~~}}

|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंचहॉथ्}}

|-

!12

|{{l|tevo|~~|tr=~~}}

|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅ॑चहॉथ्}}

|-

|}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Infobox language
 |name=Ancient Tevvic
-|nativename={{l|tevo|चैवांता॔ण|tr=cēvạ̄tā́ṇa}}
+|nativename={{l|tevo|चैवांता॑ण}}
 |pronunciation=t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ
 |ethnicity=Tevvics
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
 |fam2=Para-Germanic
-|fam3=?
+|fam3=Chlesamnic
 |fam4=Tevvic
 |script1=Deva
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 }}
-Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{l|tevo|चैवांता॔ण|tr=cēvạ̄tā́ṇa}}, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the Chlesamnic family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, and though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, it would largely avoid Sanskritization.
+Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{lang|tevo|चैवांता॔ण}}, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋəː.ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the Chlesamnic family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, and though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, it would largely avoid Sanskritization.
 Ancient Tevvic is the primary ancestor of the Tevvic branch of languages, which is comprised of a small group of relatively distantly related languages from across southeast Asia, largely focused on the Indian subcontinent.
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==Development==
+===Classical===
 */ə/ > /i/
-*/x/ > /h/
+*/x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives.
 */r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
 */c, ɟ/ > /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/
 */wu/ > /u/
 */VjV, VwV/ > /V:/
-*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex (doesn't affect approximants or affricates)
+*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex (/ɻ, j, w/ or affricates)
 ** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
 */ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 *overlong vowels to plain long
 */w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/
-*/{rt,tr,rc,cr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas
+*/{rt,tr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rɕ,ɕr}, {rz,zr,rʑ,ʑr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas
 *coda geminates to /Cʰ/
+===Late===
+*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/
+*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
+*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction (mid/low)
+*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
+*geminated aspirates to short
 ==Phonology==
 ===Vowels===
-This first table is the set of "primary" vowels. The stressed variants take an scute marking, thus "प॔" for [ˈpɑ].
+This first table is the set of "primary" vowels.
 {|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"
 |-
@@ Line 66: / Line 74: @@
 ! dependent
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|अ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|अ}}
 | a
 | [ɑ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|प}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|आ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|आ}}
 | ā
 | [ɑː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पा}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पा}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|इ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इ}}
 | i
 | [i]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पि}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पि}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ई}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ई}}
 | ī
 | [iː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पी}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पी}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|उ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उ}}
 | u
 | [u]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पु}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पु}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऊ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊ}}
 | ū
 | [uː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पू}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पू}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऍ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍ}}
 | e
 | [ɛ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॅ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅ}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऐ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐ}}
 | ē
 | [ɛː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पै}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पै}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऎ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎ}}
 | ei
 | [e]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॆ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆ}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ए}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ए}}
 | ēi
 | [eː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पे}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पे}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऑ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऑ}}
 | o
 | [ɔ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॉ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॉ}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|औ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|औ}}
 | ō
 | [ɔː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पौ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पौ}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऒ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऒ}}
 | ou
 | [o]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॊ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॊ}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ओ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ओ}}
 | ōu
 | [oː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पो}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पो}}
 |-
 |}
-This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier, and their stressed variants take a grave marking in devanagari, rather than anusvara + acute, thus "प॓" for [ˈpə].
+This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier.
 {|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align:center;"
 |-
@@ Line 145: / Line 153: @@
 ! dependent
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|अं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|अं}}
 | ạ
 | [ə]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पं}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|आं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|आं}}
 | ạ̄
 | [əː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पां}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पां}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|इं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|इं}}
 | ị
 | [y]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पिं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पिं}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ईं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ईं}}
 | ị̄
 | [yː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पीं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पीं}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|उं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|उं}}
 | ụ
 | [ɨ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पुं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पुं}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऊं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऊं}}
 | ụ̄
 | [ɨː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पूं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पूं}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऍं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऍं}}
 | ẹ
 | [œ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॅं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॅं}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऐं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऐं}}
 | ẹ̄
 | [œː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पैं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पैं}}
 |-
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ऎं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ऎं}}
 | ẹi
 | [ø]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पॆं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पॆं}}
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|एं}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|एं}}
 | ẹ̄i
 | [øː]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|पें}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|पें}}
 |-
 |}
+Stress is marked through the udatta, such as {{lang|tevo|प॑}} ({{xlit|tevo|प॑}}), though the anudatta is common for tall symbols (as in "{{lang|tevo|पे॒}}" ({{xlit|tevo|"पे॒"}}))
 ===Consonants===
@@ Line 213: / Line 224: @@
 | colspan=2 | unaspirated
 | colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated
-| colspan=2 | unaspirated
+| colspan=8 | unaspirated
-| colspan=2 style="background:beige;"| aspirated
-| colspan=4 | unaspirated
 |-
 !Velar
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|क}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|क}}
 |ka<br />[k]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ख}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ख}}
 |kha<br />[kʰ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ग}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ग}}
 |ga<br />[ɡ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|घ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|घ}}
 |gha<br />[ɡʱ]
 | colspan=4 |
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ह}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ह}}
 |ha<br />[h]
 | colspan=2 |
 |-
 !Palatal
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|च}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|च}}
 | ca<br />[tɕ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|छ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|छ}}
 |cha<br />[tɕʰ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ज}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज}}
 |ja<br />[dʑ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|झ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ}}
 |jha<br />[dʑʱ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ञ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ञ}}
 |ña<br />[ɲ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|य}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|य}}
 |ya<br />[j]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|श}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|श}}
 |śa<br />[ɕ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|झ़}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|झ़}}
 |źa<br />[ʑ]
 |-
 !Retroflex
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ट}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ट}}
 |ṭa<br />[ʈ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ठ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ठ}}
 |ṭha<br />[ʈʰ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ड}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ड}}
 |ḍa<br />[ɖ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ढ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ}}
 |ḍha<br />[ɖʱ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ण}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ण}}
 |ṇa<br />[ɳ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|र}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|र}}
 |ra<br />[ɻ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ष}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ष}}
 |ṣa<br />[ʂ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ढ़}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ढ़}}
 |ẓa<br />[ʐ]
 |-
 !Dental
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|त}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|त}}
 |ta<br />[t̪]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|थ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|थ}}
 |tha<br />[t̪ʰ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|द}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|द}}
 |da<br />[d̪]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ध}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ध}}
 |dha<br />[d̪ʱ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|न}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|न}}
 |na<br />[n̪]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ल}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ल}}
 |la<br />[l]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|स}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|स}}
 |sa<br />[s]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ज़}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ज़}}
 |za<br />[z]
 |-
 !Labial
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|प}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|प}}
 |pa<br />[p]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|फ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|फ}}
 |pha<br />[pʰ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|ब}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|ब}}
 |ba<br />[b]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|भ}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|भ}}
 |bha<br />[bʱ]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|म}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|म}}
 |ma<br />[m]
-| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|inc-Deva|व}}
+| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;"|{{lang|tevo|व}}
 |va<br />[ʋ]
 | colspan=4|
@@ Line 306: / Line 315: @@
 ==Morphology==
-All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in '''''मंह॔ः''''' (mạháh) but '''''मंग॔ः''''' (mạgáh).
+All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in {{lang|tevo|मंहः॑}} (mạháh) but {{lang|tevo|मंगः॑}} (mạgáh).
 ===Nominals===
 Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being ''number'', ''case'', ''gender'' (adjectives), and ''possessor'' (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.
@@ Line 316: / Line 325: @@
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | 1st
-| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr=(-mē)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-मै)}}</small></span>}}
-| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr=(-ạh)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-अंः)}}</small></span>}}
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | 2nd
-| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr=(-tē)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-तै)}}</small></span>}}
-| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr=(-oh)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-ऑः)}}</small></span>}}
 |-
 ! rowspan=3 | 3rd
 ! class=secondary | masc./neut.
-| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr=(-ṇạh)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-णंः)}}</small></span>}}
-| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr=(-nēsạ̄)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-नैसां)}}</small></span>}}
 |-
-! class=secondary | fem.
+! class=secondary rowspan=2 | fem.
-| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr=(-nạsjāh)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-णंष्याः)}}</small></span>}}
-| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr=(-nīsạ̄)}}
+| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|tevo|(-नीसां)}}</small></span>}}
 |-
 {{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
@@ Line 337: / Line 347: @@
 {{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=a-stem masculine nouns (acrostatic)|tall=yes}}
 ! rowspan=2 class=outer |
-! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॔ल्फंः|tr=úlphạh, "wolf"}}
+! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॑ल्फंः}}
-! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|फ॔ह्रंः|tr=pháhrạh, "riverbank"}}
+! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|फ॑ह्रंः}}
-! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo||tr=, ""}}
+! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}}
 |-
 ! singular
@@ Line 349: / Line 359: @@
 |-
 ! nominative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo| उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! vocative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlph<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|्}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">्</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|्}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! accusative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red"></span> (úlph<span style="color:red">a</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">a</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red"></span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">a</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">a</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! allative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ौर्</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ौर्}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ह्र्</span>(úlph<span style="color:red">ahr</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}}</span>(úlph<span style="color:red">ahr</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ौर्</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ौर्}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ह्र्</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ahr</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ह्र्}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ahr</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! genitive
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ां</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ां</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạ̄h</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! ablative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ॅच्</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ec</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ec</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ॅच्</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ec</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॅच्}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ec</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! dative
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ै</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ै}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ैसॉ</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ēso</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ēso</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ै</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ै}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ैसॉ</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ēso</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ैसॉ}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ēso</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 ! instrumental
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ॉ</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">o</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉ}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">o</span>)
-| उ॔ल्फ<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ॉ</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">o</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ॉ}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">o</span>)
-| फ॔ह्र<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
-| <span style="color:red"></span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
+| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
 |-
 {{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
@@ Line 419: / Line 429: @@
 ===Prepositions===
 ===Verbs===
+Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive.
+{{inflection-table-top|title=Classical conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
+! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
+! colspan=6 | active
+|-
+! colspan=3 | indicative
+! colspan=2 | subjunctive
+! rowspan=2 | imperative
+|-
+! present
+! past
+! future
+! present
+! past
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | singular
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॉ}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्यॉ}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यां॑}}
+| style="background:lightgrey" |
+|-
+! 2nd
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅः}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑स्त्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैः}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्}}
+|-
+! 3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅथ्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅ॑स्च्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैथ्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्थॉ}}
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | plural
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 2nd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=8 | passive
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | singular
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 2nd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! rowspan=3 | plural
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 2nd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 |
+! colspan=3 | active
+! colspan=3 | passive
+|-
+! colspan=2 | infinitive
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | present participle
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | past participle
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+{{inflection-table-bottom}}
+{{inflection-table-top|title=Late conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
+! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
+! colspan=6 | active
+|-
+! colspan=3 | indicative
+! colspan=2 | subjunctive
+! rowspan=2 | imperative
+|-
+! present
+! past
+! future
+! present
+! past
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | singular
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फॅधां॑}}
+| style="background:lightgrey" |
+|-
+! 2nd/3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथॅः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फॅधॅः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | plural
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथ्मंः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|भिंथ॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैध॑मंः}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथां॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फॅधुं॑}}
+| style="background:lightgrey" |
+|-
+! 2nd/3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|भिः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैधः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फॅधिः॑}}
+| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
+|-
+! colspan=8 | passive
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | singular
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 2nd/3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | plural
+! 1st
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! 2nd/3rd
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+| {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 |
+! colspan=3 | active
+! colspan=3 | passive
+|-
+! colspan=2 | infinitive
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | present participle
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+! colspan=2 | past participle
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
+|-
+{{inflection-table-bottom}}
 ==Syntax==
@@ Line 429: / Line 676: @@
 :'''Original (English)'''
 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
-===The Cold Winter is Near===
-{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
-! Tevvotanva
-!
-! English
-|-
-|
-| &emsp;
-| style="font-style:italic;" | The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.
-|-
-|
-|
-| style="font-style:italic;" | Come in my warm house, o' friend.
-|-
-|
-|
-| style="font-style:italic;" | Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!
-|-
-|
-|
-| style="font-style:italic;" | That is my plan.
-|-
-|
-|
-| style="font-style:italic;" | We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.
-|-
-|
-|
-| style="font-style:italic;" | Oh, and warm soup!
-|}
 ==Vocabulary==
@@ Line 528: / Line 743: @@
 {|class="wikitable"
 !1
-|{{l|tevo|ऐ॔णंः|tr=ḗṇạh}}
+|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंः}}
 |-
 !2
-|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅ॔ः|tr=thvéh}}
+|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅः॑}}
 |-
 !3
-|{{l|tevo|ठा॔ः|tr=ṭhā́h}}
+|{{l|tevo|ठाः॑}}
 |-
 !4
-|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्वा॔र्|tr=ṣṭvā́r}}
+|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्वा॑र्}}
 |-
 !5
-|{{l|tevo|प॔च्|tr=pác}}
+|{{l|tevo|प॑च्}}
 |-
 !6
-|{{l|tevo|स॔ख्श्|tr=sákhś}}
+|{{l|tevo|स॑ख्श्}}
 |-
 !7
-|{{l|tevo|ष॔वॉथ्|tr=ṣávoth}}
+|{{l|tevo|ष॑वॉथ्}}
 |-
 !8
-|{{l|tevo|अ॔ढ़्दॉथ्|tr=áẓdoth}}
+|{{l|tevo|अ॑ढ़्दॉथ्}}
 |-
 !9
-|{{l|tevo|न॔वॉथ्|tr=návoth}}
+|{{l|tevo|न॑वॉथ्}}
 |-
 !10
-|{{l|tevo|च॔हॉथ्|tr=cáhoth}}
+|{{l|tevo|च॑हॉथ्}}
 |-
 !11
-|{{l|tevo||tr=}}
+|{{l|tevo|ऐ॑णंचहॉथ्}}
 |-
 !12
-|{{l|tevo||tr=}}
+|{{l|tevo|थ्वॅ॑चहॉथ्}}
 |-
 |}