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Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=Para-Germanic
|fam2=Para-Germanic
|fam3=?
|fam3=Chlesamnic
|fam4=Tevvic
|fam4=Tevvic
|script1=Deva
|script1=Deva
Line 29: Line 29:


==Development==
==Development==
===Classical===
*/ə/ > /i/
*/ə/ > /i/
*/x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives.
*/x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives.
Line 48: Line 49:
*overlong vowels to plain long
*overlong vowels to plain long
*/w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/
*/w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/
*/{rt,tr,rc,cr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas
*/{rt,tr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rɕ,ɕr}, {rz,zr,rʑ,ʑr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas
*coda geminates to /Cʰ/
*coda geminates to /Cʰ/
===Late===
*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/
*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction (mid/low)
*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
*geminated aspirates to short


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 386: Line 394:
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|उ॑ल्फ}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (úlph<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ंः}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạ̄h</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|फ॑ह्र}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|ां}}</span> (pháhr<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
| {{lang|tevo|}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|tevo|}}</span> (<span style="color:red"></span>)
Line 421: Line 429:
===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive.
{{inflection-table-top|title=Classical conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | active
|-
! colspan=3 | indicative
! colspan=2 | subjunctive
! rowspan=2 | imperative
|-
! present
! past
! future
! present
! past
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॉ}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्यॉ}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑स्त्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅथ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅ॑स्च्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैथ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}}
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्थॉ}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | active
! colspan=3 | passive
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | present participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | past participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=Late conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | active
|-
! colspan=3 | indicative
! colspan=2 | subjunctive
! rowspan=2 | imperative
|-
! present
! past
! future
! present
! past
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फैथॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|फैथ्मंः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भिंथ॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैध॑मंः}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथां॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधुं॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|भिः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैधः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फॅधिः॑}}
| {{lang|tevo|फैः॑}}
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
| {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=3 | active
! colspan=3 | passive
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | present participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | past participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Line 431: Line 676:
:'''Original (English)'''
:'''Original (English)'''
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
===The Cold Winter is Near===
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Tevvotanva
!
! English
|-
|
| &emsp;
| style="font-style:italic;" | The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.
|-
|
|
| style="font-style:italic;" | Come in my warm house, o' friend.
|-
|
|
| style="font-style:italic;" | Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!
|-
|
|
| style="font-style:italic;" | That is my plan.
|-
|
|
| style="font-style:italic;" | We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.
|-
|
|
| style="font-style:italic;" | Oh, and warm soup!
|}


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
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