Ancient Tevvic: Difference between revisions
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==Development== | ==Development== | ||
===Classical=== | |||
*/ə/ > /i/ | */ə/ > /i/ | ||
*/x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives. | */x/ > /h/, seems to remain /x/ before other consonants, especially fricatives. | ||
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*overlong vowels to plain long | *overlong vowels to plain long | ||
*/w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/ | */w, hw/ > /ʋ, ʋ̥/ | ||
*/{rt,tr | */{rt,tr,rk,kr}, {rd,dr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rɕ,ɕr}, {rz,zr,rʑ,ʑr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ only occurs for some areas | ||
*coda geminates to /Cʰ/ | *coda geminates to /Cʰ/ | ||
===Late=== | |||
*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/ | |||
*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/ | |||
*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction (mid/low) | |||
*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout | |||
*geminated aspirates to short | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
| Line 421: | Line 429: | ||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive. | |||
{{inflection-table-top|title=Conjugation of {{l|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}} | |||
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 | | |||
! colspan=6 | active | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=3 | indicative | |||
! colspan=2 | subjunctive | |||
! rowspan=2 | imperative | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
! past | |||
! future | |||
! present | |||
! past | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | singular | |||
! 1st | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॉ}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फैधं॑}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्यॉ}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यां॑}} | |||
| style="background:lightgrey" | | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅः}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑स्त्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅः॑}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैः}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्}} | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थॅथ्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंभै॑थ्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फैधॅ॑स्च्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थैथ्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्थॉ}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | plural | |||
! 1st | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=8 | passive | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | singular | |||
! 1st | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | plural | |||
! 1st | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | | |||
! colspan=3 | active | |||
! colspan=3 | passive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | infinitive | |||
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|फै॑थ्ण}} | |||
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | present participle | |||
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| colspan=3 |{{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | past participle | |||
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
| colspan=3 | {{lang|tevo|}} | |||
|- | |||
{{inflection-table-bottom}} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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:'''Original (English)''' | :'''Original (English)''' | ||
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||