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Middle Tevvic: Difference between revisions

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|setting=
|setting=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th century AD, developed into [[Middle Tevvic]] by the mid 13th century AD.
|era=Spoken from the mid 12th to the late 17th centuries, developed into [[Modern Tevvic]] by 1700.
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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==History==
==History==
==Development==
==Development==
*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, o/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
===Early Middle===
Also called "Late Ancient"
*/ʎ/ > /ɕ/
*word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
*voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction
*beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
*geminated aspirates to short
 
===Middle proper===
*final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, u/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
*final /h/ lost
*final /h/ lost
*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Late Ancient Tevvic "{{lang|mtev|phēthmạ́h}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang|mtev|phēthe}}".
*loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "{{lang|mtev|phḗthmạh}}" > Middle Tevvic "{{lang|mtev|phēthe}}".
*voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
*voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
*/ə/ > /ɛ/
*/ə/ > /ɛ/
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====Nouns====
====Nouns====
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Possessive endings|tall=yes}}
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Possessive endings|tall=yes}}
! class=outer colspan=2 |
! class=outer |
! singular
! singular
! plural
! plural
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | 1st
! 1st
| {{l|mtev|-मै|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-मै)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-म|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-म)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-अंः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-अंः)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-ष|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-ष)}}</small></span>}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | 2nd
! 2nd
| {{l|mtev|-तै|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-तै)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-थ|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-थ)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-ऑः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-ऑः)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-ष्व|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-ष्व)}}</small></span>}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | 3rd
! 3rd
! class=secondary | masc./neut.
| {{l|mtev|-ण|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-ण)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-णंः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-णंः)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-नैस|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-नैस)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-नैसां|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-नैसां)}}</small></span>}}


|-
! class=secondary rowspan=2 | fem.
| {{l|mtev|-णंष्याः|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-णंष्याः)}}</small></span>}}
| {{l|mtev|-नीसां|tr=<span style="color:grey"><small>{{xlit|mtev|(-नीसां)}}</small></span>}}
|-
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
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===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have undergone an extreme amount of change, the most major being the loss of the passive followed by the subsequent development of a new mediopassive.
{{inflection-table-top|title=Conjugation of {{l|mtev|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
 
{{inflection-table-top|title=Classical conjugation of {{l|mtev|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |  
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |  
! colspan=6 | active
! colspan=6 | active
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|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थॉ}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थ्यॉ}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंफॅध्यां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थॅः}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंभै॑स्त्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थैः}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंफॅध्यॅः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थ्}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थॅथ्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंभै॑थ्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधॅ॑स्च्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थैथ्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फंफॅध्यॅ॑थ्}}
| {{lang|mtev|फै॑थ्थॉ}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! 1st
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
! rowspan=3 | plural
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=3 | singular
! 1st
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 |
! rowspan=3 | plural
! colspan=3 | active
! colspan=3 | passive
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | present participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
| colspan=3 |{{lang|mtev|}}
|-
! colspan=2 | past participle
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
 
{{inflection-table-top|title=Late conjugation of {{l|mtev|फै॑थ्ण}} (class 1 strong)|tall=y|palette=blue}}
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
! colspan=6 | active
|-
! colspan=3 | indicative
! colspan=2 | subjunctive
! rowspan=2 | imperative
|-
! present
! past
! future
! present
! past
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधं॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैथॉ॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फॅधां॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|mtev|फैथॅः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|भैः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फॅधॅः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैः॑}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|फैथ्मंः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|भिंथ॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैध॑मंः}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैथां॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फॅधुं॑}}
| style="background:lightgrey" |
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|mtev|फैः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|भिः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैधः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैथैः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फॅधिः॑}}
| {{lang|mtev|फैः॑}}
|-
! colspan=8 | passive
|-
! rowspan=2 | singular
! 1st
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
! 2nd/3rd
! 2nd
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | plural
! 3rd
! 1st
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
! 2nd/3rd
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
| {{lang|mtev|}}
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|-
|-
! colspan=2 | infinitive
! colspan=2 | infinitive
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|फै॑थ्ण}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
| colspan=3 | {{lang|mtev|}}
|-
|-
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