Aoid: Difference between revisions
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Aoid has 19 consonant phonemes (''sonáintean''). These consonants are split into two categories; the "strong" (''díoch'') consonants and "lean" (''sbhaelte'') or [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] consonants (cf. Irish [[w:Irish phonology#Consonants|broad and slender]] consonants). | Aoid has 19 consonant phonemes (''sonáintean''). These consonants are split into two categories; the "strong" (''díoch'') consonants and "lean" (''sbhaelte'') or [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] consonants (cf. Irish [[w:Irish phonology#Consonants|broad and slender]] consonants). | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Labial !! colspan=2 | Coronal !! colspan=2 | Dorsal | ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Labial !! colspan=2 | Coronal !! colspan=2 | Dorsal !! rowspan=2 | Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! strong !! lean !! strong !! lean !! strong !! lean | ! strong !! lean !! strong !! lean !! strong !! lean | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasal | ! colspan=2 | Nasal | ||
| m || mʲ || n || ɲ || ŋ || (ŋʲ) | | m || mʲ || n || ɲ || ŋ || (ŋʲ) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Stop | ! rowspan=2 | Stop | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| p || pʲ || t || tʲ || k || kʲ | | p || pʲ || t || tʲ || k || kʲ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| b || bʲ || d || dʲ || g || gʲ~dʒ | | b || bʲ || d || dʲ || g || gʲ~dʒ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f || fʲ || s || ʃ || x || ç | | f || fʲ || s || ʃ || x || ç || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| rowspan=2 | ʋ || vʲ || (z) || || || | | rowspan=2 | ʋ || vʲ || (z) || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Approximant | ! rowspan=2 | Approximant | ||
! <small>central</small> | ! <small>central</small> | ||
| || ɾ || ɾʲ || || | | || ɾ || ɾʲ || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>lateral</small> | ! <small>lateral</small> | ||
| || || l || lʲ || || | | || || l || lʲ || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/z/ only appears phonemically in a couple words, such as '''''Z'''ámóftach'' "[[w:Zamenhof Day|Zamenhof Day]]", as well as as an [[#Elition|elition]] of /d/; as an elition of /d/, it can sometimes be pronounced as [[w:Voiced dental fricative|voiced dental fricative]] /ð/, especially among older and/or secular speakers. /ŋʲ/ appears as a nasal assimilative allophone before lean dorsal stops, i.e. /kʲ, gʲ~dʒ/, though the status of this allophone is controversial as some have described the phone as closer to a palatal nasal /ɲ/. | /z/ only appears phonemically in a couple words, such as '''''Z'''ámóftach'' "[[w:Zamenhof Day|Zamenhof Day]]", as well as as an [[#Elition|elition]] of /d/; as an elition of /d/, it can sometimes be pronounced as [[w:Voiced dental fricative|voiced dental fricative]] /ð/, especially among older and/or secular speakers. /ŋʲ/ appears as a nasal assimilative allophone before lean dorsal stops, i.e. /kʲ, gʲ~dʒ/, though the status of this allophone is controversial as some have described the phone as closer to a palatal nasal /ɲ/. | ||
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Aoid nouns are divided into three classes: | Aoid nouns are divided into three classes: class 1, class 2 and class 3. | ||
Class 1 nouns are nouns that use [[w:Ablaut|ablaut]] to pluralise, e.g.: | |||
* {{l|aoid|tach}} "day" > ''t'''ai'''g'' "days" | |||
* {{l|aoid|niabh}} "boy" > ''ni'''au'''bh'' "boys" | |||
* {{l|aoid|dán}} "Dane, idiot" > ''d'''ái'''n'' "Danes" | |||
Class 2 nouns use the suffix {{l|aoid|-ean}} or {{l|aoid|-an}} to pluralise, with regular augmentative infixes ''-(e)(a)c-'' and diminutive ''-(e)t-''. | |||
* {{l|aoid|bhir}} "man" > ''bhir'''ean''''' "men", ''bhir'''t''''' "guy, bro", ''bhir'''c''''' "old man" | |||
* {{l|aoid|aoid}} "child" > ''aoid'''ean''''' "children", ''aoid'''et''''' "sissy, coward", ''aoid'''eac''''' "older child between 7-12 years of age" | |||
* {{l|aoid|uind}} "dog" > ''uind'''ean''''' "dogs", ''uind'''et''''' "puppy", ''uind'''eac''''' "hound" | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Aoid language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Aoid language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||