Linguifex

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Ossamic
|name=Ossamic
|nativename={{lang|sish|Օսըշահմմը}}, {{lang|sish|ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ}}, {{lang|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}}
|nativename={{lang|sish|Օսըշահմմը}}, {{lang|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}}
|pronunciation=o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə
|pronunciation=o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə
|ethnicity=[[Ossamics]]
|ethnicity=[[Ossamics]]
|states=[[w:Armenia|Armenia]]: [[w:Lori province|Lori]], [[w:Tavush province|Tavush]]</br>[[w:Georgia|Georgia]]: [[w:Kvemo Kartli |Kvemo Kartli]]</br>[[w:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]: [[w:Gazakh district|Gazakh]], [[w:Aghstafa district|Aghstafa]], [[w:Tovuz district|Tovuz]]
|states=[[w:Armenia|Armenia]]: [[w:Lori province|Lori]], [[w:Tavush province|Tavush]]</br>[[w:Georgia|Georgia]]: [[w:Kvemo Kartli |Kvemo Kartli]]</br>[[w:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]: [[w:Gazakh district|Gazakh]], [[w:Aghstafa district|Aghstafa]], [[w:Tovuz district|Tovuz]]
|speakers=754.8 thousand
|speakers=755 thousand
|date=2022
|date=2022
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
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|fam4=[[High Polovic languages]]
|fam4=[[High Polovic languages]]
|script1=Armn
|script1=Armn
|script2=Geor
|script2=Latn
|script3=Latn
|ancestor1=[[Proto-Chlesamnic]]
|ancestor1=[[Proto-Chlesamnic]]
|ancestor2=[[Old Thadic]]
|ancestor2=[[Old Thadic]]
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}}
}}


Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk/; Autonym: {{l|sish|Օսըշահմմը|tr=-}}, {{l|sish|ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ|tr=-}}, or {{l|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}}, all /o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə/) is a Chlesamnic language of the High Polovic branch spoken at the intersection of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, though it is entirely unintelligible with [[Caucasian Polovic]].
Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk/; Autonym: {{l|sish|Օսըշահմմը|tr=-}} or {{l|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}}, all /o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə/) is a Chlesamnic language of the High Polovic branch spoken at the intersection of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, though it is entirely unintelligible with [[Caucasian Polovic]].




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|-
|-
! colspan=2 | nasal
! colspan=2 | nasal
| m</br>⟨{{lang|sish|մ}}, {{lang|sish|მ}}, {{lang|sish|m}}⟩
| m</br>⟨{{lang|sish|մ}}, {{lang|sish|m}}⟩
| n</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ն}}, {{lang|sish|ნ}}, {{lang|sish|n}}⟩
| n</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ն}}, {{lang|sish|n}}⟩
|  
|  
|  
|  
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! rowspan=3 | stop
! rowspan=3 | stop
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| p</br>⟨{{lang|sish|պ}}, {{lang|sish|პ}}, {{lang|sish|p}}⟩
| p</br>⟨{{lang|sish|պ}}, {{lang|sish|p}}⟩
| t</br>⟨{{lang|sish|տ}}, {{lang|sish|ტ}}, {{lang|sish|t}}⟩
| t</br>⟨{{lang|sish|տ}}, {{lang|sish|t}}⟩
|  
|  
| k</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|კ}}, {{lang|sish|k}}⟩
| k</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|k}}⟩
|-
|-
! aspirated
! aspirated
| pʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|փ}}, {{lang|sish|ფ}}, {{lang|sish|pʻ}}⟩
| pʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|փ}}, {{lang|sish|pʻ}}⟩
| tʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|թ}}, {{lang|sish|თ}}, {{lang|sish|tʻ}}⟩
| tʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|թ}}, {{lang|sish|tʻ}}⟩
|  
|  
| kʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ք}}, {{lang|sish|ქ}}, {{lang|sish|kʻ}}⟩
| kʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ք}}, {{lang|sish|kʻ}}⟩
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| b</br>⟨{{lang|sish|բ}}, {{lang|sish|ბ}}, {{lang|sish|b}}⟩
| b</br>⟨{{lang|sish|բ}}, {{lang|sish|b}}⟩
| d</br>⟨{{lang|sish|դ}}, {{lang|sish|დ}}, {{lang|sish|d}}⟩
| d</br>⟨{{lang|sish|դ}}, {{lang|sish|d}}⟩
|  
|  
| g</br>⟨{{lang|sish|գ}}, {{lang|sish|გ}}, {{lang|sish|g}}⟩
| g</br>⟨{{lang|sish|գ}}, {{lang|sish|g}}⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! rowspan=2 | fricative
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| f</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ֆ}}, {{lang|sish|ჶ}}, {{lang|sish|f}}⟩
| f</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ֆ}}, {{lang|sish|f}}⟩
| s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ս}}, {{lang|sish|ს}}, {{lang|sish|s}}⟩
| s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ս}}, {{lang|sish|s}}⟩
| ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|շ}}, {{lang|sish|შ}}, {{lang|sish|š}}⟩
| ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|շ}}, {{lang|sish|š}}⟩
| x</br>⟨{{lang|sish|խ}}, {{lang|sish|ხ}}, {{lang|sish|x}}⟩
| x</br>⟨{{lang|sish|խ}}, {{lang|sish|x}}⟩
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
| v</br>⟨{{lang|sish|վ}}, {{lang|sish|ვ}}, {{lang|sish|v}}⟩
| v</br>⟨{{lang|sish|վ}}, {{lang|sish|v}}⟩
| z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|զ}}, {{lang|sish|ზ}}, {{lang|sish|z}}⟩
| z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|զ}}, {{lang|sish|z}}⟩
| ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ժ}}, {{lang|sish|ჟ}}, {{lang|sish|ž}}⟩
| ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ժ}}, {{lang|sish|ž}}⟩
| ɣ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ղ}}, {{lang|sish|ღ}}, {{lang|sish|ġ}}⟩
| ɣ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ղ}}, {{lang|sish|ġ}}⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | affricate
! rowspan=3 | affricate
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
|
|
| t͡s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ծ}}, {{lang|sish|წ}}, {{lang|sish|c}}⟩
| t͡s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ծ}}, {{lang|sish|c}}⟩
| t͡ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ճ}}, {{lang|sish|ჭ}}, {{lang|sish|č}}⟩
| t͡ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ճ}}, {{lang|sish|č}}⟩
|
|
|-
|-
! aspirated
! aspirated
|
|
| t͡sʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ց}}, {{lang|sish|ც}}, {{lang|sish|cʻ}}⟩
| t͡sʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ց}}, {{lang|sish|cʻ}}⟩
| t͡ʃʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|չ}}, {{lang|sish|ჩ}}, {{lang|sish|čʻ}}⟩
| t͡ʃʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|չ}}, {{lang|sish|čʻ}}⟩
|  
|  
|-
|-
! voiced
! voiced
|  
|  
| d͡z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ձ}}, {{lang|sish|ძ}}, {{lang|sish|j}}⟩
| d͡z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ձ}}, {{lang|sish|j}}⟩
| d͡ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ջ}}, {{lang|sish|ჯ}}, {{lang|sish|ǰ}}⟩
| d͡ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ջ}}, {{lang|sish|ǰ}}⟩
|  
|  
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | approximant
! colspan=2 | approximant
|  
|  
| l</br>⟨{{lang|sish|լ}}, {{lang|sish|ლ}}, {{lang|sish|l}}⟩
| l</br>⟨{{lang|sish|լ}}, {{lang|sish|l}}⟩
| j</br>⟨{{lang|sish|յ}}, {{lang|sish|ჲ}}, {{lang|sish|y}}⟩
| j</br>⟨{{lang|sish|յ}}, {{lang|sish|y}}⟩
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | trill
! colspan=2 | trill
|  
|  
| r</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ռ}}, {{lang|sish|რ}}, {{lang|sish|ṙ}}⟩
| r</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ռ}}, {{lang|sish|ṙ}}⟩
|  
|  
|
|
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! colspan=2 | tap
! colspan=2 | tap
|  
|  
| ɾ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ր}}, {{lang|sish|ჸ}}, {{lang|sish|r}}⟩
| ɾ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ր}}, {{lang|sish|r}}⟩
|  
|  
|
|
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|-
|-
! High
! High
| i</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|ი}}, {{lang|sish|i}}⟩
| i</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|i}}⟩
| iː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իհ}}, {{lang|sish|იჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ih}}⟩
| iː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իհ}}, {{lang|sish|ih}}⟩
| y</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւ}}, {{lang|sish|უი}}, {{lang|sish|ui}}⟩
| y</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւ}}, {{lang|sish|iw}}⟩
| yː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւհ}}, {{lang|sish|უიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|uih}}⟩
| yː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւհ}}, {{lang|sish|iwh}}⟩
|  
|  
|  
|  
| u</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ու}}, {{lang|sish|უ}}, {{lang|sish|u}}⟩
| u</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ու}}, {{lang|sish|u}}⟩
| uː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ուհ}}, {{lang|sish|უჰ}}, {{lang|sish|uh}}⟩
| uː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ուհ}}, {{lang|sish|uh}}⟩
|-
|-
! Mid-high
! Mid-high
| e</br>⟨{{lang|sish|է}}, {{lang|sish|ჱ}}, {{lang|sish|ē}}⟩
| e</br>⟨{{lang|sish|է}}, {{lang|sish|ē}}⟩
| eː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჱჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ēh}}⟩
| eː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էհ}}, {{lang|sish|ēh}}⟩
| ø</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵი}}, {{lang|sish|ōi}}⟩
| ø</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւ}}, {{lang|sish|ēw}}⟩
| øː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ōih}}⟩
| øː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ēwh}}⟩
| rowspan=2 | ə</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ը}}, {{lang|sish|ჷ}}, {{lang|sish|ə}}⟩
| rowspan=2 | ə</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ը}}, {{lang|sish|ə}}⟩
| rowspan=2 | əː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ըհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჷჰ}}, {{lang|sish|əh}}⟩
| rowspan=2 | əː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ըհ}}, {{lang|sish|əh}}⟩
| o</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵ}}, {{lang|sish|ō}}⟩
| o</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օ}}, {{lang|sish|ō}}⟩
| oː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ōh}}⟩
| oː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օհ}}, {{lang|sish|ōh}}⟩
|-
|-
! Mid-low
! Mid-low
| ɛ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ե}}, {{lang|sish|ე}}, {{lang|sish|e}}⟩
| ɛ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ե}}, {{lang|sish|e}}⟩
| ɛː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եհ}}, {{lang|sish|ეჰ}}, {{lang|sish|eh}}⟩
| ɛː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եհ}}, {{lang|sish|eh}}⟩
| œ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւ}}, {{lang|sish|ოი}}, {{lang|sish|oi}}⟩
| œ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւ}}, {{lang|sish|ew}}⟩
| œː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ოიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|oih}}⟩
| œː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ewh}}⟩
| ɔ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ո}}, {{lang|sish|ო}}, {{lang|sish|o}}⟩
| ɔ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ո}}, {{lang|sish|o}}⟩
| ɔː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ոհ}}, {{lang|sish|ოჰ}}, {{lang|sish|oh}}⟩
| ɔː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ոհ}}, {{lang|sish|oh}}⟩
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɑ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ա}}, {{lang|sish|ა}}, {{lang|sish|a}}⟩
| ɑ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ա}}, {{lang|sish|a}}⟩
| ɑː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ահ}}, {{lang|sish|აჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ah}}⟩
| ɑː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ահ}}, {{lang|sish|ah}}⟩
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Ossamic makes a clear distinction between roots and stems, with roots being the shortest common piece of any term between all its forms, whereas stems are the shortest forms of a word used directly in inflection, to make this distinction clearer, an example is {{lang|sish|խըռնենըմ}}, with the root {{lang|sish|խըռն֊}}, and the stem {{lang|sish|խըռնե֊}}, the root is general and is used as the basis of all forms, whereas the stem is specific to the verbal forms and derivatives therefrom.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Ossamic nouns decline on several categories, those being case, number, possessor, and (some nouns) animacy.
Ossamic nouns decline on several categories, those being case, number, and possessor. Some nouns can take marking for animacy, using {{l|sish|ըմ֊}} to mark the inanimate.
====Components====
=====Possession=====
Nouns decline for possessor, with the possessor being marked through a clitic pronoun that declines according to an irregular ə-type pattern.


{{inflection-table-top|title=Possessive markers|palette=red}}
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! 1st
| {{sish-tr|֊մը|link=y}}
| {{sish-tr|֊միւ}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{sish-tr|֊զը}}
| {{sish-tr|֊զիւ}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{sish-tr|֊սը}}
| {{sish-tr|֊սիւ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


{{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type, animate endings|palette=red|tall=y}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''/''iw''-type|palette=red|tall=y}}
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|֊ը}}
| {{sish-tr|֊իւ}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|֊ըմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընիւմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|֊ըհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընիւհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|֊ուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընիւտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|֊իճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընայճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|֊ըհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընիւհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|֊ու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընիւ}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|֊ոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ընեւմ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
 
=====Endings=====
There are two main patterns, the ə-type and the i-type.
======Ə-type======
{{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type endings|palette=red|tall=y}}
!
!
! singular
! singular
Line 223: Line 284:
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


{{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type, animate|palette=red|tall=y}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type|palette=red|tall=y}}
! rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|վիլֆը}}
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|վիլֆը}}
Line 299: Line 360:
| {{sish-tr|խիւնզոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|խիւնզոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|խիւնզընեւմ}}
| {{sish-tr|խիւնզընեւմ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
======I-type======
{{inflection-table-top|title=''i''-type endings|palette=red|tall=y}}
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|֊ի|link=y}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնի}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|֊իմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնիմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|֊իհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնիհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|֊իտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնիտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|֊իճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնիճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|֊եհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնեհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|֊ի}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնի}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|֊եմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այնեմ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=''i''-type|palette=red|tall=y}}
! rowspan=2 |
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|ըվի}}
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|սինի}}
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|մըռի}}
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|ըվի}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնի}}
| {{sish-tr|սինի}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնի}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռի}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնի}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|ըվիմ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնիմ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինիմ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնիմ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռիմ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնիմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|ըվիհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնիհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինիհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնիհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռիհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնիհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|ըվիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնիտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|ըվիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնիճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|ըվեհ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնեհ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինեհ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնեհ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռեհ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնեհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|ըվի}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնի}}
| {{sish-tr|սինի}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնի}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռի}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնի}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|ըվեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|ըվայնեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|սինայնեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|մըռայնեմ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Adjectives must agree fully for case and number, and must match the stem type.
{{inflection-table-top|title=positive|palette=red|tall=y}}
! rowspan=2 | Positive
! colspan=2 | ə-type
! colspan=2 | i-type
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|֊ե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնայ}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|֊եմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնայմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|֊եհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնայհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|֊եսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնեշիտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնեշիճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|֊եսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնեսոհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|֊եսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշի}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնեշի}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|֊եսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եհնեսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊այհնեսոմ}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=comparative|palette=red|tall=y}}
! rowspan=2 | Positive
! colspan=2 | ə-type
! colspan=2 | i-type
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնայ}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնայմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնայհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնեշիտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնեշիճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնեշոհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշի}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնեշի}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեհնեսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշեշոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եշայհնեշոմ}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=superlative|palette=red|tall=y}}
! rowspan=2 | Positive
! colspan=2 | ə-type
! colspan=2 | i-type
|-
! singular
! plural
! singular
! plural
|-
! nominative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնե}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնայ}}
|-
! accusative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնայմ}}
|-
! allative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհռ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնայհռ}}
|-
! genitive
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեսուտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշիտ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնեշիտ}}
|-
! ablative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեշէճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշիճ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնեշիճ}}
|-
! dative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեսոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշոհ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնեշոհ}}
|-
! instrumental
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեսու}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշի}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնեշի}}
|-
! comitative
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեհնեսոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծեշոմ}}
| {{sish-tr|֊եծայհնեշոմ}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs have evolved to a predominantly agglutinative state, and have simplified greatly from what Old Thadic is thought to have had.
====Aspect====
Aspects are determined by the specific verbal affix used to form the stem of the verb. Ossamic has three main aspects, these being perfective, imperfective, and causative. These endings will be given in the infinitive forms.
{{inflection-table-top|title=|palette=red}}
! perfective
| {{sish-tr|֊ինըմ|link=y}}
|-
! imperfective
| {{sish-tr|֊ըժինըմ|link=y}}
|-
! causative
| {{sish-tr|֊ըհնըմ|link=y}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
The imperfective and causative can be paired together, though rarely, to form the imperfective causative, marked by {{l|sish|֊(ը)ժըհնըմ}}
The perfective aspect has two main patterns, the ''ay''-type and the ''i''-type.
====Tense====
Ossamic has four main tenses, being present, near past, general/far past, and future, though occasionally an imperfect does show up. Classical Ossamic also carries a perfect marker, though this has largely been dropped in favor of auxiliary verbs.
{{inflection-table-top|title=|palette=red}}
|-
!
! plain
! perfect
|-
! present
| {{sish-tr|֊∅֊}}
| {{sish-tr|֊∅(զ)ը֊}}
|-
! near past
| {{sish-tr|֊զի֊}}
| {{sish-tr|֊զի(զ)ը֊}}
|-
! (far) past
| {{sish-tr|֊զու֊}}
| {{sish-tr|֊զու(զ)ը֊}}
|-
! future
| {{sish-tr|֊ճի֊}}
| {{sish-tr|֊ճի(զ)ը֊}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
The imperfect is marked through the suffix {{lang|sish|֊մի֊}} ({{xlit|sish|֊մի֊}}), with the perfect being {{lang|sish|֊մի(զ)ը֊}} ({{xlit|sish|֊մի(զ)ը֊}}).
The distinction between the near past and the past is typically one of distance, with the plain past acting more as a far past, though occasionally it acts as a general past and thus for the near past too.
The similarity between the far past and the perfect marker is due to the etymology of both, having come from a common *-δουο (*-δʷo), but the perfect affix evolved irregularly.
====Voices====
Ossamic has two voices, though the intransitive formations are also treated as a voice grammatically. The two true voices are the active and the passive. The active voice goes unmarked, being the default, while both the passive and intransitive are explicitly marked with {{l|sish|֊ըռ}} and {{l|sish|֊նե֊}} respectively. The intransitive forms solely exist in ambitransitive verbs, while the passive can exist in any verb that can be transitive. This can be seen using three different verbs:
*{{l|sish|խըռնայնըմ}} ("to hurt", ambitransitive):
**active: {{l|sish|խըռնե}}
**passive: {{l|sish|խըռնեռ}}
**intransitive: {{l|sish|խըռնենե}}
*{{l|sish|վէլնըմ}} ("to want", transitive):
**active: {{l|sish|վէլե}}
**passive: {{l|sish|վէլեռ}}
*{{l|sish|}} ("", intransitive):
**active: {{l|sish|}}
====Mood====
Ossamic has two moods, the indicative and subjunctive, though an imperative once existed.
{{inflection-table-top|title=-|palette=red}}
! indicative
| {{sish-tr|֊∅֊}}
|-
! subjunctive
| {{sish-tr|֊մ|link=y}}
|-
! imperative†
| {{sish-tr|֊սիւ|link=y}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
====Person markers====
Ossamic marks subject person through a series of clitics that are identical to the clitics used for noun possession, though these are unrelated and are only identical due to inter-influence.
{{inflection-table-top|title=Subject markers|palette=red}}
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! 1st
| {{sish-tr|֊մը|link=y}}
| {{sish-tr|֊միւ}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{sish-tr|֊զը}}
| {{sish-tr|֊զիւ}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{sish-tr|֊սը}}
| {{sish-tr|֊սիւ}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
{{inflection-table-top|title=Object markers|palette=red}}
!
! singular
! plural
|-
! 1st
| {{sish-tr|ըմ֊|link=y}}
| {{sish-tr|իւմ֊}}
|-
! 2nd
| {{sish-tr|ըզ֊}}
| {{sish-tr|իւզ֊}}
|-
! 3rd
| {{sish-tr|ըս֊}}
| {{sish-tr|իւս֊}}
{{inflection-table-bottom}}
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===


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