Tanpun: Difference between revisions
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This is a highly experimental engineered language, ultimately focused on flirting with | This is a highly experimental engineered language, ultimately focused on flirting with | ||
ambiguity and a lack of grammar. It is spoken by no one because it is set in the real world | ambiguity and a lack of grammar. It is spoken by no one because it is set in the real world | ||
and not set for a fictional people. | and not set for a fictional people. Tanpun itself means "atomic language" or "individual | ||
language". | |||
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feature. Syllable-final stops generally are unreleased but this is not itself phonemic. | feature. Syllable-final stops generally are unreleased but this is not itself phonemic. | ||
Nasals do not phonemically assimilate but this may happen anyway. | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress falls on the last root of the word. | Stress falls on the last root of the word. | ||
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in a specific way, such as negation, position, temporal deixis, definiteness, number (singular vs | in a specific way, such as negation, position, temporal deixis, definiteness, number (singular vs | ||
plural), and honorific. A root with prefixes is analogous to a phrase in Early Middle Japanese. | plural), and honorific. A root with prefixes is analogous to a phrase in Early Middle Japanese. | ||
Prefixes, when attached to the first root of the sentence, are understood to modify the | |||
whole word. | |||
===The mechanics of root combinations=== | ===The mechanics of root combinations=== | ||
Roots combine in a semantic way, later roots within a word constrain earlier ones, and the first | Roots combine in a semantic way, later roots within a word constrain earlier ones, and the first | ||
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| Touh || Third person pronoun | | Touh || Third person pronoun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Pen || Prominent third person pronoun; implies the topic or otherwise notable person. For when | | Pen || Prominent third person pronoun; implies the topic or otherwise notable person. For when the subject and object are both third person. | ||
the subject and object are both third person. | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
The main verb of the sentence is always last. The main verb is always a verb phrase, and marking | The main verb of the sentence is always last. The main verb is always a verb phrase, and marking | ||
person is required. The sequence is always: | person is required. The sequence is always, in order: | ||
* Auxiliary verb(s) (optional) | * Auxiliary verb(s) (optional) | ||
* Object (optional) | * Object (Or predicate) (optional) | ||
* Content verb | * Content verb | ||
* Subject (Always a pronoun) | * Subject (Always a pronoun) | ||
The verb phrase is the only part of a sentence which breaks the typical rules for root interactions. For example, the earlier sentence "Tianmentouh" is itself a verb phrase. The root | The verb phrase is the only part of a sentence which breaks the typical rules for root | ||
"tian" means good, "men" being the copula, and "touh" being the third person pronoun. | interactions. It also must always be its own word. For example, the earlier sentence | ||
"Tianmentouh" is itself a verb phrase. The root "tian" means good, "men" being the copula, and | |||
"touh" being the third person pronoun. And again means "it is good" but the gloss is | |||
<nowiki>[good-COP-3]</nowiki>. As mentioned, "tian" can be its own word. | |||
With an auxiliary, there can be more variety, such as "wustianmentouh" which is | |||
<nowiki>[PAST-good-COP-3]</nowiki>, which means "it was good". This can also be expressed saying | |||
"Tian wusmentouh," although it is better with pen: "Tian wusmenpen". | |||
===Subject and object=== | |||
There is no singular accusative prefix or accusative expression, this ultimately depends on | |||
the verb. There is no case in Tanpun and generally such a thing is expressed with the object | |||
as a distinct word, followed by the verb phrase with "touh". For example, the above sentence | |||
could be expanded "man tian wustouhmenpen" with "man" meaning human or human being. So this | |||
means "person was good". Dative can be expressed with the prefix "ti-" meaning for, | |||
alternatively "ta" (to, towards) can be used. Other such relationships are up to specific | |||
deictic prefixes. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
< | ===UDHR Article 1 first sentence=== | ||
'''Watengman raihkorokostaengrouptouh ketensotnom kokesotrokumsek taohpiertouh.''' | |||
===Gloss=== | |||
Wa:teng-man raih-ko:ro:kos-taeng-roup-touh ke:ten-sot-nom ko:ke:sot-ro:kum-sek taoh-pier-touh. <br> | |||
TOPIC:all-human free-and:NEG:rank-REL-possess-3 DEF:thing-respect-name and:DEF:respect-NEG:can-cut passive-bear-3. | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||