Chlesamnic: Difference between revisions
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|familycolor=Indo-European | |familycolor=Indo-European | ||
|fam2=Para-Germanic | |fam2=Para-Germanic | ||
|protoname=Proto-Chlesamnic | |protoname=[[Proto-Chlesamnic]] | ||
|child1=[[Chlesamnic#West Chlesamnic|Western]] | |child1=[[Chlesamnic#West Chlesamnic|Western]] | ||
|child2=[[Chlesamnic# | |child2=[[Chlesamnic#North Chlesamnic|Northern]] | ||
|child3=[[Chlesamnic# | |child3=[[Chlesamnic#Central Chlesamnic|Central]] | ||
|child4=[[Chlesamnic#South Chlesamnic|Southern]] | |child4=[[Chlesamnic#South Chlesamnic|Southern]] | ||
|child5=[[Chlesamnic#East Chlesamnic|Eastern]] | |||
|map=Chlesamnic map.png | |map=Chlesamnic map.png | ||
|mapsize=420px | |mapsize=420px | ||
|mapcaption=Modern-day extent of Chlesamnic languages:<br/> | |mapcaption=Modern-day extent of Chlesamnic languages:<br/> | ||
{{legend|#234E9B|West Chlesamnic Languages}} | |||
{{legend|#8C5C7A|North Chlesamnic Languages}} | |||
{{legend|#C43A3A|Central Chlesamnic Languages}} | |||
{{legend|#D97706|South Chlesamnic Languages}} | |||
{{legend|#56B870|East Chlesamnic Languages}} | |||
{{legend|# | |||
{{legend|# | |||
{{legend|# | |||
{{legend|# | |||
{{legend|# | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Chlesamnic languages''' are a branch of the Para-Germanic languages in the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]] that are spoken predominantly in [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]] and [[w:Eastern Europe|Eastern Europe]]. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Chlesamnic, an offshoot from Pre-Proto-Germanic, and thus distantly related to the [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]]. | The '''Chlesamnic languages''' are a branch of the Para-Germanic languages in the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]] that are spoken predominantly in [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]] and [[w:Eastern Europe|Eastern Europe]]. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Chlesamnic, an offshoot from Pre-Proto-Germanic, and thus distantly related to the [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]]. | ||
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A notable feature of early Chlemsamnic was its susceptibility to be influenced by various [[w:Stratum_(linguistics)#Superstratum|superstrata]], resulting in the various modern Chlesamnic languages to become quite divergent from each other. | A notable feature of early Chlemsamnic was its susceptibility to be influenced by various [[w:Stratum_(linguistics)#Superstratum|superstrata]], resulting in the various modern Chlesamnic languages to become quite divergent from each other. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The name of the language family is derived from [[Chlesamnia]] (a historical region centered around Lake Balkhash). The regional designation is derived from Ancient Greek {{l|grc|Χλεσαμνία}}, itself borrowed from either Proto-Chlesamnic or one of its immediate descendants (compare Ancient [UNNAMED] [[File:Ancient Chlesamnia.png|100px|frameless]] /hlesamna/). | |||
==Homeland== | ==Homeland== | ||
==Branches== | ==Branches== | ||
Due to their divergent nature, the true number of languages that make up the Chlesamnic family is still under debate. This article aims to show languages that are conventionally agreed upon that make up the | Due to their divergent nature, the true number of languages that make up the Chlesamnic family is still under debate. This article aims to show languages that are conventionally agreed upon that make up the five branches of the Chlesamnic languages. These five branches are named on the basis of geography, namely West, North, Central, South, and East Chlesamnic: | ||
[[File:Chlesamnic Language Tree.png|400px|thumb|Chlesamnic language tree]] | [[File:Chlesamnic Language Tree.png|400px|thumb|Chlesamnic language tree]] | ||
{{tree list}} | {{tree list}} | ||
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****[[Sirrese]] | ****[[Sirrese]] | ||
****(unnamed lang) | ****(unnamed lang) | ||
***[[Classical Kanasnian]]† | |||
****[[Kanasnian]] | |||
**'''South Chlesamnic''' | **'''South Chlesamnic''' | ||
***[[Kolasian]]† | ***[[Kolasian]]† | ||
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****[[Tevvic]] | ****[[Tevvic]] | ||
**'''North Chlesamnic''' | **'''North Chlesamnic''' | ||
***'''Ural Chlesamnic''' | ***'''Ural Chlesamnic''' | ||
****[[Cheyomsnian]] | ****[[Cheyomsnian]] | ||
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| {{lang|mari|ασισια}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|aśśa}}'') | | {{lang|mari|ασισια}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|aśśa}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|अ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|अ॑ष}}'') | | {{l|tevo|अ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|अ॑ष}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ཨམ྄/𐽰𐽹<br />(''am'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|ѣхѧ}}<br />(''ěxę̌'') | | {{lang|thld|ѣхѧ}}<br />(''ěxę̌'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|ашѫ}}<br />(''ašǫ'') | | {{lang|plld|ашѫ}}<br />(''ašǫ'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|οουσαν}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|ousą}}'') | | {{lang|mari|οουσαν}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|ousą}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|ऊ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|ऊ॑ष}}'') | | {{l|tevo|ऊ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|ऊ॑ष}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ཨོཨུས྄/𐽰𐽳𐽰𐽳𐽻 <br />(''óus'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|ѻсѧ}}, {{lang|thld|ѡсѧ}}<br />(''osę̌'') | | {{lang|thld|ѻсѧ}}, {{lang|thld|ѡсѧ}}<br />(''osę̌'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|ѡсѫ}}<br />(''ōsǫ'') | | {{lang|plld|ѡсѫ}}<br />(''ōsǫ'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|ως}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|ōs}}'') | | {{lang|mari|ως}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|ōs}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|औ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|औ॑ष}}'') | | {{l|tevo|औ॑ष|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|औ॑ष}}'') | ||
| | | ཨཽས྄/𐽰𐽳𐽻<br />(''ōs'') | ||
| | | ཨོསམ྄/𐽰𐽳𐽻𐽹<br />(''ósam'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|ѣсѧ}}<br />(''ěsę̌'') | | {{lang|thld|ѣсѧ}}<br />(''ěsę̌'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|ꙋсѫ}}<br />(''usǫ'') | | {{lang|plld|ꙋсѫ}}<br />(''usǫ'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|ϝανιαν}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|wanją}}'') | | {{lang|mari|ϝανιαν}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|wanją}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|व॑ग्ग|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|व॑ग्ग}}'') | | {{l|tevo|व॑ग्ग|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|व॑ग्ग}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | 𐽱𐽰𐽺𐾄𐽻<br />(''vangs'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|ѵѣнхѧ}}, {{lang|thld|ꙋѣнхѧ}}<br />(''wěnxę̌'') | | {{lang|thld|ѵѣнхѧ}}, {{lang|thld|ꙋѣнхѧ}}<br />(''wěnxę̌'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|вѫжѫ}}<br />(''vǫžǫ'') | | {{lang|plld|вѫжѫ}}<br />(''vǫžǫ'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|νασα}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|nāsā}}'') | | {{lang|mari|νασα}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|nāsā}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|ना॑सा|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|ना॑सा}}'') | | {{l|tevo|ना॑सा|tr=-}}</br>(''{{xlit|tevo|ना॑सा}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ནས྄/𐽺𐽰𐽻<br />(''näs'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|наса}}<br />(''nasa'') | | {{lang|thld|наса}}<br />(''nasa'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|наса}}<br />(''nasa'') | | {{lang|plld|наса}}<br />(''nasa'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|ϝουρμιθονας}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|wurmiθonas}}'') | | {{lang|mari|ϝουρμιθονας}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|wurmiθonas}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|रौधः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|रौधः॑}}'') | | {{l|tevo|रौधः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|रौधः॑}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | རཨུདས྄/𐽾𐽰𐽰𐽳𐽸𐽰𐽻<br />(''raudás'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|рѣдѣ}}<br />(''rědě'') | | {{lang|thld|рѣдѣ}}<br />(''rědě'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|рѡбасъ}}<br />(''rōbas'') | | {{lang|plld|рѡбасъ}}<br />(''rōbas'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|χρονις}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|xrǫjs}}'') | | {{lang|mari|χρονις}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|xrǫjs}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|षंल्ग्वः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|षंल्ग्वः॑}}'') | | {{l|tevo|षंल्ग्वः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|षंल्ग्वः॑}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | རུནིས྄/𐽾𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽰𐽶𐽻<br />(''rönís'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|хѣлгѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|хѣлгꙋѣ}}<br />(''xělgwě'') | | {{lang|thld|хѣлгѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|хѣлгꙋѣ}}<br />(''xělgwě'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|жалгасъ}}<br />(''žalgas'') | | {{lang|plld|жалгасъ}}<br />(''žalgas'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|χαζϝα}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|xāzwa}}'') | | {{lang|mari|χαζϝα}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|xāzwa}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|हाज़्वः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|हाज़्वः॑}}'') | | {{l|tevo|हाज़्वः॑|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|हाज़्वः॑}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ཝས྄/𐽱𐽰𐽻<br />(''vas'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|хаꙁѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|хаꙁꙋѣ}}<br />(''xazwě'') | | {{lang|thld|хаꙁѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|хаꙁꙋѣ}}<br />(''xazwě'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|жаꙁвасъ}}<br />(''žazvas'') | | {{lang|plld|жаꙁвасъ}}<br />(''žazvas'') | ||
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| {{lang|mari|αρφανς}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|arfąs}}'') | | {{lang|mari|αρφανς}}<br/>(''{{lang|mari|arfąs}}'') | ||
| {{l|tevo|थु॑नंः|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|थु॑नंः}}'') | | {{l|tevo|थु॑नंः|tr=-}}<br />(''{{xlit|tevo|थु॑नंः}}'') | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ཏུནས྄/𐾀𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽰𐽻<br />(''túnäs'') | ||
| {{lang|thld|ѳѵꙑсѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|ѳꙋꙑсꙋѣ}}<br />(''θwyswě'') | | {{lang|thld|ѳѵꙑсѵѣ}}, {{lang|thld|ѳꙋꙑсꙋѣ}}<br />(''θwyswě'') | ||
| {{lang|plld|бꙋснасъ}}<br />(''busnas'') | | {{lang|plld|бꙋснасъ}}<br />(''busnas'') | ||