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{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]], [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = χμῶ Τλὣ
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|script=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' ({{PAGENAME}}: ''niʔ məchə̄tvaʔ guṇmaʔ'' 'the {{PAGENAME}} sound' or 'the {{PAGENAME}} language') is an ancient [[Mustlup languages|Mustlup language]] inspired by my oldest draft of Proto-Talmic. It evolves into [[Məbhésəṇ]].
'''Tlu''' (χμῶ Τλὣ) is a [[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum language]] inspired by Hmong, Greek, Vietnamese, Irish, and Mandarin. It's meant to be the Greek analogue to [[Hlou]]'s Germanic.


==todo==
=Phonology=
*''zoug'' (m) = "person"
==Consonants==
*''ṭunie'' (f) = "tree"
<poem>
*''ďəsmū'' (m) < ḱʼəsmū "woman"
π πλ τ τλ τς ρ κ μπ μπλ ντ ντλ ντς νρ γκ /p pl t tɬ tɕ ʈʂ k b bl d dɮ dʑ ɖʐ g/
*''ʔəḷ'' < ''ʔəḷ'' "no, not"
φ φλ θ θς σ χ μφ μφλ νθ νθς νσ γχ /pʰ pʰl tʰ tɕʰ ʈʂʰ kʰ bʰ bʰl dʰ dʑʰ ɖʐʰ gʰ/
*''tī'' < ''tiwī'' "yes"
ψ ξ νψ γξ ς /s ʂ z ʐ ç/
*''sufnə'' (f) < ''suxʷnə'' "rain"
λ /ɬ/
*''seib'' (m) < ''səyb'' "snow"
ϋ β δ μ ν νλ γ /f v ɣ m n nl ŋ/
*''kuoṇḍaiḍ'' (m) < ''kʷuyṇḍayṭʼ'' "net"
χμ χν χνλ χγ = unvoiced versions of μ ν νλ γ
*''gai'' (f) < ''gay'' "east"
ζ /j/
*''chƛətum'' (f) < ''x̌ƛətum'' "west"
</poem>
*''pəsə'' (f) < ''pəṣə'' "south"
==Vowels==
*''ʔauʔāp'' (f) < ''ʔawʔākʷ'' "north"
<poem>
*''guṇma'' (m) < ''guṇma'' "sound, language"
α η υ ω /æ i o u/
*''nīmə'' (m) < ''nīmə'' "water"
ε ο = nasal vowels
*''sλəp'' (f) < ''sƛʼəp'' "land"
αο αοι αι οι υι /i/
*''chnousaṭ'' (f) < ''xnəwsaṭ'' "cloud"
ι ει /æi/
*''hi'' 'and'
αυ ου /ɑu/
*''tāňi'' (m) < ''tāňi'' "house"
ηα ωα /ie uo/
*''sud'' (m) < ''sutʼ'' "man"
</poem>
*''σai''  (adj) < ''łaj'' "good"
*''bugu'' (adj) < ''bukʼu'' "bad"
*''vəjāz'' (adj) < ''wəjhāḍẓ'' "small"
*''ʔaimu'' (v) < ''ʔaymu'' "eat"
*''zə̄ŋauz'' (f) < ''tsʼə̄ŋawtsʼ'' "lightning"
*''buoƛūf'' (intj) < ''buyƛūxʷ'' "hello! greetings!"
*''qintais'' (m) < "film, screen"
*''nuchsi'' (m) < ''nuxci'' 'hand'
*''hei'' (intj) < ''qʼəy'' "Oh! Ah!"


*xʷɬaːləj > ''flālei''
==Tones==
*kəːtsʼaː > ''kə̄zā''
ε ο cannot have circumflex tone
*χɳəːxʷnawpʼ > ''chṇə̄fnaub''
*qʼəj > ''hei''
*χiːɭaj > ''chīḷai''
*ŋqʼəjuː > ''əŋŋəjū''
*χpʼiw > ''chbie''
*ɭɖiw > ''əḷḍie''
*pɭəχɬig > ''pḷəchlig''
*tʂajhawp > ''saihaup''
*ʈajqʼiʂ > ''ṭaihis''
*dzxʷaj > ''sfai''
*gəːgaj > ''qə­̄qai''
*tɬʼɲawŋip > ''λňauŋip''
*tsuj > ''suo''
*tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > ''zbibzaił''
*tɬuːxʷtʼuː > ''ƛūfdū''
*tɬʼu > ''λu''
*gəw > ''gou''
*ɟiː > ''ďī''
*xʷaːtsʼɲəː > ''fāzňə̄''


qsamňuo ďə̄ sai fie hū schau sadijə̄ muo vī pchai bou ṭa ḷou buchou ťchə̄ṭāb zṇiepsai łaisəṭ łuchṭi panāch zoudū ʔidieb sie pouňuob ḷu būďīz əŋʔī za ƛauchkīb sgi hichsaim huŋei fŋieŋŋuo tuo fsīzie bīpchou zmaiṭcha chṇə ba ŋou ňī ḍuofďəƛ luťi suojau łei sə̄ zou ƛeizbouď əňchāƛmāḍ kə̄ buoḷə̄ łūknu kḍaďə̄ schā chuopḍei slī vaiṭṇə̄ snuo dbou souṇəz vəbeib gouchuḷ ňu pūntū tchai əṇsausied stabaiλ jāffīṭ əlsou pgaiheiʔ sachna tfə nałchuos ʔī əlsie sībī ňūdies guo ūtti zə̄sň­ə̄ň hu ʔei zuku huchduod bouhaun gemcheib tā hi miƛū mou hə̄ smie ňai ʔauppəʔ zai qṭaumeiʔ baiqī qəʔeib souhies ďū chiʔou ṇū əltaifsous ʔeitbā ʔuoʔə̄ʔ ʔə fuoffouṭ ki buo bou ʔūmə qū ʔie mau ʔə̄chpāb ṇā łai pṇīhə̄ zə̄ chlai łgouzīp dou λāsūs ḍou baimpai lə̄ ƛəňňu ťu łou beiλə ḍīzuoʔ zīʔuo bi ṭa sū ṇī klə̄ʔouḷ chie zi simie ʔai zu chougə̄ hīsau əlgə̄ chə̄suʔ qāvei paibīʔ pḍū fsuosiez ʔīfdə̄ λə̄chsī ʔachauf ḍubbai mā əlʔəqīʔ λḍeichḍāz łqeiḍaḷ ʔeibə̄ dachbaup chzū zu sbə bā sniefŋi
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
 
! Tone class
tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː gʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawgʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwgʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəg ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwgʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ gujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhgaːd gujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː gʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts
! Unvoiced initial?
xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ gʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl guɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː gaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːgʷ ʔiː gʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjg lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi gaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj gʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjguj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ
! Voiced initial?
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ p t tɬ ʈ c k q ʔ b d dɮ ɖ ɟ g f s̠ ɬ x h z̠ ɮ ʋ l ɭ j/ {{angbr|''m n ṇ ñ ŋ p t ƛ ṭ ť k q ʔ b d λ ḍ ď g f s σ ch h z ʒ v l ḷ j''}}
 
===Vowels===
/i iː u uː ə əː a aː ai au ei ou ie uo/ {{angbr|''i ī u ū ə ə̄ a ā ai au ei ou ie uo''}}
 
===Orthography===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
Stress falls on the first heavy (CV̄, CVV or CVC) syllable, if it is not the final syllable. If no syllables are long, the first syllable is stressed.
====Intonation====
 
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
*1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl: ''sƛī, ŋə̄, bəʔ, bau, zad, chau, bəbuo, bəbəv''
 
===Nouns===
Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do ''not'' take a plural form.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3" |''chnousaṭ'' - 'cloud'
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
!style="width: 100px;"|Singular
!style="width: 100px;"|Plural
|-
!|Indefinite
|''chnousaṭ''||''chəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|1sg possessor
|''łichnousaṭ''||''łichəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|2sg possessor
|''ŋəchnousaṭ''||''ŋəchəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|3sg.m possessor
|''səchnousaṭ''||''səchnousaṭ''
|-
!|3sg.f possessor
|''sūchnousaṭ''||''sūchəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|1pl possessor
|''zdəchnousaṭ''||''zdəchəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|2pl possessor
|''hauchnousaṭ''||''hauchəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|3pl.m possessor
|''səŋchnousaṭ''||''səŋchəchnousaṭ''
|-
!|3pl.f possessor
|''səstchnousaṭ''||''səstchəchnousaṭ''
|}
 
 
:'''''mich sud sə·tətāňi'''''
:''DEF-ACC man 3SG-PL-house''
:''the man's houses''
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (masculine)
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''zviṭəʔ'' || ''zviṭuo''
|-
! Oblique
| ''zviṭuch'' || ''zviṭəŋ''
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (feminine)
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''zviṭou'' || ''zviṭə̄f''
|-
|-
! Oblique
! A (10/27)
| ''zviṭə̄ʔ'' || ''zviṭə̄st''  
| '''α'''  
|}
| '''ἁ'''  
 
The definite article inflects as follows:
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''niʔ'' 'definite article' (masculine)
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State
! B (5/27)
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| '''ά'''
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| '''ἅ'''
|-
|-
! Nominative
! C (5/27)
| ''niʔ'' || ''nuo''  
| '''ᾶ'''
| '''ἇ'''  
|-
|-
! Oblique
! D (4/27)
| ''nich'' || ''niŋ''  
| '''ὰ'''
| '''ἃ'''  
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;"
[[Category:Languages]]
! colspan="3" | ''niʔ'' 'definite article' (feminine)
[[Category:Tlu]]
|-
[[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]]
! style="width: 90px;" | State
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''nie'' || ''nə̄f''
|-
! Oblique
| ''nə̄ʔ'' || ''nə̄st''
|}
 
===Verbs===
*vimaḷch = I sit
*ŋəmaḷch = you sit
*ʔəmaḷch = he sits
*ʔūmaḷch = she sits
*zamaḷch = we sit
*chamaḷch = you people sit
*ʔəmmaḷch = they sit
 
*''-au'' = past tense?
 
*''sva-'' = negative
 
===Numerals===
{{PAGENAME}} uses a base-12 numeral system. Numerals are indeclinable.
*1: ''seiďu'' /ˈseiɟu/
*2: ''bli'' /bli/
*3: ''sqā'' /sqaː/
*4: ''māvi'' /ˈmaːʋi/
*5: ''paiku'' /ˈpaiku/
*6: ''ə̄ƛich'' /ˈəːtɬix/
*7: ''zətə̄'' /ˈzətəː/
*8: ''baŋud'' /ˈbaŋud/
*9: ''ďavuň'' /ˈɟaʋuɲ/
*10: ''fqāchṭī'' /ˈfqaːxʈiː/
*11: ''bə̄zie'' /ˈbəːzie/
*12: ''zie'' /zie/
*144: ''ʔənƛə̄ḷ''
*1728: ''chapkit''
 
The ordinal numbers are adjectives:
*1: ''nəʔtmu''
*2: ''nəʔbli''
*3: ''nəʔsqā''
etc.
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->
 
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Suvənub]]
[[Category:Mustlup languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 02:37, 6 December 2024

Tlu
χμῶ Τλὣ
Created byPraimhín, IlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tlu (χμῶ Τλὣ) is a Hlou-Shum language inspired by Hmong, Greek, Vietnamese, Irish, and Mandarin. It's meant to be the Greek analogue to Hlou's Germanic.

Phonology

Consonants

π πλ τ τλ τς ρ κ μπ μπλ ντ ντλ ντς νρ γκ /p pl t tɬ tɕ ʈʂ k b bl d dɮ dʑ ɖʐ g/
φ φλ θ θς σ χ μφ μφλ νθ νθς νσ γχ /pʰ pʰl tʰ tɕʰ ʈʂʰ kʰ bʰ bʰl dʰ dʑʰ ɖʐʰ gʰ/
ψ ξ νψ γξ ς /s ʂ z ʐ ç/
λ /ɬ/
ϋ β δ μ ν νλ γ /f v ɣ m n nl ŋ/
χμ χν χνλ χγ = unvoiced versions of μ ν νλ γ
ζ /j/

Vowels

α η υ ω /æ i o u/
ε ο = nasal vowels
αο αοι αι οι υι /i/
ι ει /æi/
αυ ου /ɑu/
ηα ωα /ie uo/

Tones

ε ο cannot have circumflex tone

Tone class Unvoiced initial? Voiced initial?
A (10/27) α ἁ
B (5/27) ά ἅ
C (5/27) ᾶ ἇ
D (4/27) ὰ ἃ
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