|
|
| (249 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Netagin''' (''barīts Natāgīn'') is a triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Cuadhlabh. This page describes Ancient Netagin.
| | =Ancient literature= |
| ==Todo==
| | *Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics |
| *final -ʔ to block initial seimhiu in descendants | | *Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing |
| *need more binyanim | | *Sondmoridh Manuscripts |
| *''yarifi'' = wheel
| | *The Ngăthoar |
| *''bīlan'' = woman | |
| *''mufgōrin'' = castle | |
| *''qabatxōt'' = alligator
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Roots=== | | =Gweats literature= |
| *''n-t-g'': ???
| | =Fnüeng literature= |
| *''r-s-d'': study
| |
| *''z-ʔ-r'': go
| |
| *''k-d-d'': fly
| |
| *''w-r-š'': love
| |
| *''b-n-š'': hide
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Phonology== | | =Classical Period literature= |
| ===Ancient Netagin===
| | *Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry |
| Ancient Netagin had the following consonants (note no /l/!):
| | *Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies |
| | *Etsoj Jopah's poetry |
| | *Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff |
|
| |
|
| m n ŋ
| | =Romantic literature= |
| tʰ t kʰ k ʔ
| | *Industrial revolution, some of its harms |
| b d g
| | **Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems |
| f s ts ɬ tɬ ʃ ħ h
| |
| z ʕ
| |
| w r j
| |
|
| |
|
| {{angbr|'''m n ŋ t ṭ k q ʔ b d g f s ts x tx š ħ h z ȝ w r y'''}}
| | ==Horror and science fiction== |
| | | In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Music|Talman classical music]] during the late Romantic period. |
| The following vowels were used:
| |
|
| |
|
| <poem> | | <poem> |
| i iː u uː | | hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it |
| a aː oː
| | like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal |
| aj aw
| | if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge |
| </poem> | | </poem> |
|
| |
|
| {{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
| | ===Figures=== |
| | | *'''Hyjad Orphair''' was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful ''Jyndychouis'' cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a ''vylám'' (opera) ''Jyndychouis'' by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic ''vylám''s. |
| Stress is marked with an acute accent.
| |
| | |
| ===Old Netagin=== | |
| Begadkefat: /t k b d g/ > /θ x v ð ɣ/ after a V
| |
| | |
| Vowels go through Tiberian Hebrew-ish changes
| |
| | |
| ===Modern Netagin===
| |
| | |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Nouns and adjectives===
| |
| Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
| |
| | |
| Four genders: masculine, feminine, terrestrial, aquatic (inspired by Valyrian)
| |
| | |
| absolute, construct, possessed forms
| |
| | |
| Definite article: ha-(gemination)
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ Noun and adjective endings
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
| |
| |-
| |
| !Masculine
| |
| ||''-i''||''-∅''||''-ūn''||''-ū''||''-ān''||''-ā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Feminine
| |
| ||''-an''||''-āʔ''||''-ōnūn''||''-ōnū''||''-ōnān''||''-ōnā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Terrestrial
| |
| ||''-in''||''-ay''||''-ayyūn''||''-ayyū''||''-ayyān''||''-ayyā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Aquatic
| |
| ||''-ōt''||''-at''||''-(a)tūn''||''-(a)tū''||''-(a)tān''||''-(a)tā''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| For example, below are the declensions of ''yarifi'' (m.) = 'wheel'; ''bīlan'' (f.) = 'woman'; ''mufgōrin'' (t.) = 'castle'; ''qabatxōt'' (a.) = 'alligator':
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ Sample nouns
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
| |
| |-
| |
| !Masculine
| |
| ||''yarifi''||''yarif''||''yarifūn''||''yarifū''||''yarifān''||''yarifā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Feminine
| |
| ||''bīlan''||''bīlāʔ''||''bīlōnūn''||''bīlōnū''||''bīlōnān''||''bīlōnā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Terrestrial
| |
| ||''mufgōrin''||''mufgōray''||''mufgōrayyūn''||''mufgōrayyū''||''mufgōrayyān''||''mufgōrayyā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Aquatic
| |
| ||''qabatxōt''||''qabatxat''||''qabatxtūn''||''qabatxtū''||''qabatxtān''||''qabatxtā''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Vowel-reducing paradigms====
| |
| The largest class of vowel-reducing nouns have ''á'' or ''é'' between the first and second radicals that reduces to ''a''/''e'' (harmonizing with the frontness of following vowel; ''i'' after a ''y'') when a suffix is added.
| |
| | |
| ===="Crawling-up" nouns====
| |
| The "crawling-up" (Netagin: ''mittzúchábh'') nouns underlyingly end in a consonant cluster. In the singular oblique cases the stem is turned into a CaCC (if the bare form is CeCaC, CiCC for CéCaC and CoCC for CóCaC) form, and the dual and plural turn the stem into (CaCáC, CeCáC and CoCáC).
| |
| ====Nouns ending in geminated consonants====
| |
| These nouns may take sound case/number suffixes, or get the broken plural as a CVCC/CVnC stem.
| |
| | |
| ====''-eh''====
| |
| In nouns ending in ''-eh'', the ''-eh'' is deleted before a case ending.
| |
| | |
| ===Pronouns===
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |
| |
| ! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !Independent
| |
| ||''ʔákti''||''ʔákkū''||''ʔákkā''||''ʔánni''||''ʔánnū''||''ʔánnā''||''hini, hinan, hinn, hitt''||''hínnū''||''hínnā''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Clitic
| |
| ||''-ti''||''-kū''||''-kā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hi''||''-hū''||''-hā''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| Netagin verbs, perhaps similarly to those of [[w:Biblical Hebrew|Biblical Hebrew]], mark aspect and person, but not tense. Non-concatenative morphology figures prominently in conjugation for valence and TAM, much like in Semitic and Proto-Indo-European. However, verbs can also be derived via derivational "mishqalim" patterns (with considerable overlap with nominal patterns).
| |
| ====Primary stems====
| |
| :''For inflectional paradigms, please see [[Netagin/Primary stem conjugation]].''
| |
| | |
| *Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold"). It is often considered the most basic form. The difference between adjectives and stative verbs is roughly equivalent to the ''ser-estar'' distinction.
| |
| *Binyan 2 contains most monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy"). Can also have a telic (desired outcome was reached) meaning.
| |
| *Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
| |
| *Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
| |
| | |
| Note that there is no passive in Netagin - this function is mainly served by zeroth person in transitive verbs or with Reflexive verbs, or simply topicalization of the patient.
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Binyan !! Imperfective !! Perfective !! Participle !! Action noun
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 1
| |
| | ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1a2ī3''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | ''1u2u3'' || ''-u1a2ːō3'' || ''mu1a2ːī3'' || ''1a2ːī3ā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | ''ˀi12ī<sup>1</sup>3'' || ''-ni12i3'' || ''mi1ːū2ā3'' || ''ni12u3t''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 4
| |
| | ''ˀa12a3'' || ''-a1ːi2u3'' || ''ma12a3'' || ''ˀa12a3āʔ''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 5
| |
| | ''ta12a3'' || ''-ita12i3'' || ''muta12i3'' || ''ta12ō3āʔ''
| |
| |}
| |
| <sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
| |
| | |
| The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
| |
| | |
| The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
| |
| | |
| ====Affixes====
| |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+Present tense affixes
| |
| |-
| |
| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 1
| |
| | ''-t'' || ''-tū'' || ''-tā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | ''-ann'' || ''-nū'' || ''-nā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | ''-∅'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ā''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+''ʔabnaš'' 'steal'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 1
| |
| | ''ʔabnašt'' || ''ʔabnaštū'' || ''ʔabnaštā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | ''ʔabnašann'' || ''ʔabnašnū'' || ''ʔabnašnā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | ''ʔabnaš'' || ''ʔabnašū'' || ''ʔabnašā''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+Past tense affixes
| |
| |-
| |
| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 1
| |
| | ''t-'' || ''t-ū'' || ''t-ā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | ''n-'' || ''n-ū'' || ''n-ā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | ''h-'' || ''h--ū'' || ''h--ā''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+''ʔabnaš'' 'steal'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 1
| |
| | ''tibbinuš'' || ''tibbinušū'' || ''tibbinušā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2
| |
| | ''nibbinuš'' || ''nibbinušū'' || ''nibbinušā''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3
| |
| | ''hibbinuš'' || ''hibbinušū'' || ''hibbinušā''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Netagin]]
| | =Modern literature= |
| | ==Science fiction== |