Verse:Mwail/Dosubian: Difference between revisions

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Old Tíogall is a highly inflected fusional language, much more so than modern Tíogall. Much of [[Proto-Talmic]] morphology survives in Old Tíogall. However, Old Tíogall is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.


==Nouns==
Nouns fall into one of masculine, feminine and neuter genders and inflect for singular and plural numbers, inherited from the Thensarian singulative and plurative.
The definite article, inherited from the Thensarian demonstrative ''inom'', is ''in'' for singular nouns and ''na'' for plural nouns; they trigger mutations based on gender.
Nouns are also inflected for construct state and take possessive suffixes, inherited from Thensarian.
==Adjectives==
==Pronouns==
==Verb prefixes==
===Preverb prefixes===
===Object prefixes===
Object prefixes are inherited from [[Proto-Quihum]] and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
==Verb TAMs==
Old Tíogall inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Tíogall displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
*Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''bó·tús'' /boːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
*Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''bó·soṁa'' /boːˈsoma/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
*Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''bó·assaċ'' /boːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
*Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''dor·coḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobymis'' 'at-on-bear'), ''bó·dérb'' /boːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')
In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
===Present===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somyn || ''as·tóċan''  < astósācon<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''bó·túsar'' < bocs tússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''bó·soṁar'' < bocs somyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''bó·assaċar'' < bocs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''bó·dérbar''
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''bó·túsaé'' < bocs tússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''bó·soṁaé'' < bocs somysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''bó·dérbaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''bó·tús'' < bocs tússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''bó·soṁ'' < bocs somy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''bó·assaċ'' < bocs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''bó·dérb''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''bó·túsaiṁ'' < bocs tússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''bó·soṁaiṁ'' < bocs somymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''bó·assaċaiṁ'' < bocs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·dérbaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''bó·túsat'' < bocs tússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''bó·soṁat'' < bocs somynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''bó·assaċat'' < bocs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''bó·dérbat''
|-
| 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''bó·túsaisc'' < bocs tússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''bó·soṁasc'' < bocs somysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''bó·assaċaisc'' < bocs ástosācosce  || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''bó·dérbaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''bó·túsaḋ'' < bocs tússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''bó·soṁaḋ'' < bocs somyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''bó·assaċaḋ'' < bocs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''bó·dérbaḋ''
|}
===Imperfect===
The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian.
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
|-
| 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''bó·téussar'' < bocs tétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''bó·séṁar'' < bocs sésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''bó·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''bó·dercobar''
|-
| 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
|-
| 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''bó·téussaé'' < bocs tétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''bó·séṁaé'' < bocs sésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''bó·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''bó·dercobaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''bó·téuss'' < bocs tétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''bó·séṁ'' < bocs sésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''bó·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''bó·dercob''
|-
| 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''bó·téussaiṁ'' < bocs tétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''bó·séṁaiṁ'' < bocs sésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''bó·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·dercobaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''bó·téussat'' < bocs tétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''bó·séṁat'' < bocs sésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''bó·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''bó·dercobat''
|-
| 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''bó·téussaisc'' < bocs tétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''bó·soṁasc'' < bocs sésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''bó·astóċaisc''  || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''bó·dercobaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''bó·téussaḋ'' < bocs tétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''bó·séṁaḋ'' < bocs sésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''bó·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''bó·dercobaḋ''
|}
===Preterite===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsnaim'' < tússannemis <br/>''bó·túsainn'' < bocs tússannem || ''siṁnim'' < siminnemis<br/>''bó·siṁinn'' < bocs siminnem || ''as·tóċainn'' < astósāconnem<br/>''bó·assaċainn'' < bocs ástosāconnem || ''dor·ciḃinn''<br/> ''bó·déirbinn''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavȳs<br/>''bó·túsaí'' < bocs tússavȳ || ''siṁí'' < simivȳs<br/>''bó·siṁí'' < bocs simivȳ || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovȳ<br/>''bó·assaċaí'' < bocs ástosācovȳ || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''bó·déirbí''
|-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''bó·déirbí''
| 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''bó·túsaim'' < bocs tússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''bó·siṁim'' < bocs simismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''bó·assaċaim'' < bocs ástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''bó·déirbim''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''bó·túsais'' < bocs tússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''bó·siṁis'' < bocs simisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''bó·assaċais'' < bocs ástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''bó·déirbis''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''bó·túsá'' < bocs tússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''bó·siṁeo'' < bocs simiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''bó·assaċá'' < bocs ástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''bó·déirbeo''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''bó·túsmar'' < bocs tússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''bó·simmer'' < bocs simimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''bó·assaċmar'' < bocs ástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''bó·déirbmer''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''bó·túsdar'' < bocs tússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''bó·siṁder'' < bocs siminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''bó·assaċdar'' < bocs ástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''bó·déirbder''
|-
| 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''bó·tússcar'' < bocs tússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''bó·siṁscer'' < bocs simisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''bó·assaċscar'' < bocs ástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''bó·déirbscer''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫair'' < tússateris<br/>''bó·túsṫar'' < bocs tússater || ''siṁṫir'' < simiteris<br/>''bó·siṁṫer'' < bocs simiteris || '' as·tóċṫar'' < astósācoter<br/>''bó·assaċṫar'' < bocs ástosācoter || ''dor·ciḃṫer''<br/> ''bó·déirbṫer''
|}
===Future===
{| class="bluetable"
|-
! Person  !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
|-
| 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs sontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''bó·assaċt''  || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''bó·derċtan''
|-
| 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''bó·túsṫar'' < bocs tússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''bó·sóiter'' < bocs sontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''bó·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''bó·derċtar''
|-
| 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs somym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''bó·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''bó·derċt''
|-
| 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''bó·túsṫaé'' < bocs tússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''bó·sóité'' < bocs somysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''bó·derċtaé''
|-
| 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''bó·túsaiḋ'' < bocs tússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''bó·sóit'' < bocs sontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''bó·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''bó·derċt''
|-
| 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < bocs tússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''bó·sóiteṁ'' < bocs sontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''bó·derċtaiṁ''
|-
| 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''bó·túsṫat'' < bocs tússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''bó·sóitet'' < bocs sontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''bó·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''bó·derċtat''
|-
| 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''bó·túsṫaisc'' < bocs tússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''bó·sóitisc'' < bocs sontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''bó·assaċtaisc''  || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''bó·derċtaisc''
|-
| 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''bó·túsṫaḋ'' < bocs tússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''bó·sóiteḋ'' < bocs sontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''bó·assaċtaḋ''  || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''bó·derċtaḋ''
|}
===Present subjunctive===
===Past subjunctive===
===Imperative===
===Verbal noun===
[[Category:Old Tíogall]][[Category:Clotricin]]
[[Category:Tíogall]]

Latest revision as of 01:14, 24 June 2025

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