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| Old Bhadhagha is a highly inflected fusional language, much more so than modern Bhadhagha. Much of [[Proto-Talmic]] morphology survives in Old Bhadhagha. However, Old Bhadhagha is most notorious for its often unpredictable verbal allomorphy.
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| ==Nouns==
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| Nouns fall into one of masculine, feminine and neuter genders and inflect for singular and plural numbers, inherited from the Thensarian singulative and plurative.
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| The definite article, inherited from the Thensarian demonstrative ''inom'', is ''in'' for singular nouns and ''na'' for plural nouns; they trigger mutations based on gender.
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| Nouns are also inflected for construct state and take possessive suffixes, inherited from Thensarian.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="4" | ''már'' 'tree'
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" |
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singulative
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Collective
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plurative
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| |-
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| ! Abs.
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| | ''már'' || ''mára''
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| |-
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| | ''máradh'' || ''márainn''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| !colspan="3" |Possessed forms of '''' - 'bird'
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>State↓
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Singulative
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Plurative
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| |-
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| !|Construct
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| |''ɮoirot''||''ɮoirinnət''
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| |-
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| !|1sg possessor
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| |''ɮoiron''||''ɮoirinnən''
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| |-
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| !|2sg.m possessor
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| |''ɮoirossi''||''ɮoirinnəssi''
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| |-
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| !|2sg.f possessor
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| |''ɮoirossiu''||''ɮoirinnəssiu''
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| |-
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| !|3sg.m possessor
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| |''ɮoirotiu''||''ɮoirinniu''
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| |-
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| !|3sg.f possessor
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| |''ɮoirotī''||''ɮoirinnī''
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| |-
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| !|3sg.n possessor
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| |''ɮoirota''||''ɮoirinna''
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| |-
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| !|1exc possessor
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| |''ɮoirosmə''||''ɮoirinnəsmə''
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| |-
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| !|1inc possessor
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| |''ɮoiroswi''||''ɮoirinnəswi''
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| |-
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| !|2pl possessor
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| |''ɮoiroka''||''ɮoirinnəka''
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| |-
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| !|3pl possessor
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| |''ɮoirotōr''||''ɮoirinnətōr''
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| |}
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| ==Adjectives==
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| ==Pronouns==
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| ==Verb prefixes==
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| ===Preverb prefixes===
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| ===Object prefixes===
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| Object prefixes are inherited from [[Proto-Quihum]] and are placed in a slot between preverbs and the stem.
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| ==Verb TAMs==
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| Old Bhadhagha inherits many TAMs directly from Thensarian. In addition, Old Bhadhagha displays extensive verb allomorphy. Verbs can be grouped in two ways: non-prefixed and prefixed, and non-ablauting and ablauting. The verb tables below will use the following example verbs:
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| *Unprefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''túsaiṁ'' /ˈtuːsai̯mʰ/ 'he prays', ''ní·tús'' /niːˈtuːs/ 'he does not pray' (modern ''tús'')
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| *Unprefixed, ablauting verbs: e.g. ''soṁaiṁ'' /somʰai̯mʰ/ 'he finds (intransitive)', ''ní·soṁa'' /niːˈsomʰa/ 'he does not find' (modern ''somh'')
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| *Prefixed, non-ablauting verbs: e.g. ''as·tóċ'' /asˈtoːkʰ/ 'he proves', ''ní·assaċ'' /niːˈasːakʰ/ 'he does not prove' (modern ''stóch'')
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| *Prefixed ablauting verbs: e.g. ''de·arcoḃ'' /dorˈkobʰ/ 'he tolerates' (< ''de-ar-cobym'' 'at-on-bear'), ''ní·dérb'' /niːˈdeːrb/ 'he does not tolerate' (modern ''déarb'')
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| In case where there is a preverb, the first syllable after the interpunct is stressed.
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| ===Present===
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| |-
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| ! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
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| | 1SG || '' túsain'' < tússanis <br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússan || ''soṁain'' < somynis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīs somyn || ''as·tóċan'' < astósācon<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācon || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
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| | 2SG || '' túsair'' < tússaris<br/>''ní·túsar'' < nīs tússar || ''soṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ní·soṁar'' < nīs somyr || ''as·tóċar'' < astósācor<br/>''ní·assaċar'' < nīs ástosācor || ''dor·coḃar''<br/> ''ní·dérbar''
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| | 3SG.M || '' túsaiṁ'' < tússamis<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússam || ''soṁaiṁ'' < somymis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċ'' < astósācom<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācom || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
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| | 3SG.F || '' túsaé'' < tússasis<br/>''ní·túsaé'' < nīs tússasi || ''soṁaé'' < somysis <br/> ''ní·soṁaé'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċaé'' < astósācosi<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosācosi || ''dor·coḃaé''<br/> ''ní·dérbaé''
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| | 3SG.N || '' tús'' < tússas<br/>''ní·tús'' < nīs tússa || ''soiṁ'' < somis <br/> ''ní·soṁ'' < nīs somy || '' as·tóċ'' < astósācos<br/>''ní·assaċ'' < nīs ástosāco || ''dor·coḃ''<br/> ''ní·dérb''
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| | 1EX || '' túsmae'' < tússamēs<br/>''ní·túsaiṁ'' < nīs tússamē || ''sommae'' < somymēs <br/> ''ní·soṁaiṁ'' < nīs somymē || '' as·tóċaiṁ'' < astósācomē<br/>''ní·assaċaiṁ'' < nīs ástosācomē || ''dor·coḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·dérbaiṁ''
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| | 1IN || '' túsait'' < tússantis<br/>''ní·túsat'' < nīs tússant || ''soṁait'' < somyntis <br/> ''ní·soṁat'' < nīs somynt || '' as·tóċat'' < astósācont<br/>''ní·assaċat'' < nīs ástosācont || ''dor·coḃat''<br/> ''ní·dérbat''
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| | 2PL || '' túsaisc'' < tússasces<br/>''ní·túsaisc'' < nīs tússasce || ''soṁaisc'' < somysces <br/> ''ní·soṁasc'' < nīs somysce || '' as·tóċaisc'' < astósācosce<br/>''ní·assaċaisc'' < nīs ástosācosce || ''dor·coḃaisc''<br/> ''ní·dérbaisc''
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| | 3PL || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatis<br/>''ní·túsaḋ'' < nīs tússat || ''soṁaiḋ'' < somytis <br/> ''ní·soṁaḋ'' < nīs somyt || '' as·tóċaḋ'' < astósācot<br/>''ní·assaċaḋ'' < nīs ástosācot || ''dor·coḃaḋ''<br/> ''ní·dérbaḋ''
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| |}
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| ===Imperfect===
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| The imperfect is its own principal part, from reduplication in Thensarian.
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| ! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
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| | 1SG || '' téussain'' < tétussanis <br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīs tétussan || ''séṁain'' < sésomynis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīs sésomyn || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
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| | 2SG || '' téussair'' < tétussaris <br/>''ní·téussar'' < nīs tétussar || ''séṁair'' < somyris <br/> ''ní·séṁar'' < nīs sésomyr || ''as·teccar'' <br/>''ní·astóċar'' || ''dor·coġḃar''<br/> ''ní·dercobar''
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| | 3SG.M || ''téussaiṁ'' < tétussamis<br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīs tétussam || ''séṁaiṁ'' < sésomymis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīs sésomym || ''as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
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| | 3SG.F || ''téussaé'' < tétussasis<br/>''ní·téussaé'' < nīs tétussasi || ''séṁaé'' < sésomysis <br/> ''ní·séṁaé'' < nīs sésomysi || ''as·teccaé'' <br/>''ní·astóċaé'' || ''dor·coġḃaé''<br/> ''ní·dercobaé''
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| | 3SG.N || ''téuss'' < tétussas<br/>''ní·téuss'' < nīs tétussa || ''séṁ'' < sésomis <br/> ''ní·séṁ'' < nīs sésomy || '' as·tecc'' <br/>''ní·astóċ'' || ''dor·coġḃ''<br/> ''ní·dercob''
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| | 1EX || '' téussaiṁ'' < tétussamēs<br/>''ní·téussaiṁ'' < nīs tétussamē || ''sémmae'' < sésomymēs <br/> ''ní·séṁaiṁ'' < nīs sésomymē || '' as·teccaiṁ''<br/>''ní·astóċaiṁ'' || ''dor·coġḃaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·dercobaiṁ''
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| | 1IN || '' téussait'' < tétussantis<br/>''ní·téussat'' < nīs tétussant || ''séṁait'' < sésomyntis <br/> ''ní·séṁat'' < nīs sésomynt || '' as·teccat'' <br/>''ní·astóċat'' || ''dor·coġḃat''<br/> ''ní·dercobat''
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| | 2PL || '' téussaisc'' < tétussasces<br/>''ní·téussaisc'' < nīs tétussasce || ''séṁaisc'' < sésomysces <br/> ''ní·soṁasc'' < nīs sésomysce || '' as·teccaisc''<br/>''ní·astóċaisc'' || ''dor·coġḃaisc''<br/> ''ní·dercobaisc''
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| | 3PL || '' téussaiḋ'' < tétussatis<br/>''ní·téussaḋ'' < nīs tétussat || ''séṁaiḋ'' < sésomytis <br/> ''ní·séṁaḋ'' < nīs sésomyt || '' as·teccaḋ'' <br/>''ní·astóċaḋ'' || ''dor·coġḃaḋ''<br/> ''ní·dercobaḋ''
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| |}
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| ===Preterite===
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| ! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
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| | 1SG || '' túsnaim'' < tússannemis <br/>''ní·túsainn'' < nīs tússannem || ''siṁnim'' < siminnemis<br/>''ní·siṁinn'' < nīs siminnem || ''as·tóċainn'' < astósāconnem<br/>''ní·assaċainn'' < nīs ástosāconnem || ''dor·ciḃinn''<br/> ''ní·déirbinn''
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| | 2SG || '' túsaí'' < tússavȳs<br/>''ní·túsaí'' < nīs tússavȳ || ''siṁí'' < simivȳs<br/>''ní·siṁí'' < nīs simivȳ || ''as·tóċaí'' < astósācovȳ<br/>''ní·assaċaí'' < nīs ástosācovȳ || ''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ní·déirbí''
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| |-''dor·ciḃí''<br/> ''ní·déirbí''
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| | 3SG.M || '' túsaim'' < tússasmis<br/>''ní·túsaim'' < nīs tússasmi || ''siṁim'' < simismis<br/>''ní·siṁim'' < nīs simismi || ''as·tóċaim'' < astósācosmi<br/>''ní·assaċaim'' < nīs ástosācosmi || ''dor·ciḃim''<br/> ''ní·déirbim''
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| | 3SG.F || '' túsais'' < tússastis<br/>''ní·túsais'' < nīs tússasti || ''siṁis'' < simistis<br/>''ní·siṁis'' < nīs simisti || ''as·tóċais'' < astósācosti<br/>''ní·assaċais'' < nīs ástosācosti || ''dor·ciḃis''<br/> ''ní·déirbis''
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| | 3SG.N || '' túsá'' < tússasos<br/>''ní·túsá'' < nīs tússaso || ''siṁeo'' < simisos<br/>''ní·siṁeo'' < nīs simiso || '' as·tóċá'' < astósācoso<br/>''ní·assaċá'' < nīs ástosācoso || ''dor·ciḃeo''<br/> ''ní·déirbeo''
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| | 1EX || '' túsmair'' < tússameris<br/>''ní·túsmar'' < nīs tússamer || ''simmir'' < simimeris<br/>''ní·simmer'' < nīs simimeris || '' as·tóċmar'' < astósācomer<br/>''ní·assaċmar'' < nīs ástosācomer || ''dor·ciḃmer''<br/> ''ní·déirbmer''
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| | 1IN || '' túsdair'' < tússanteris<br/>''ní·túsdar'' < nīs tússanter || ''siṁdir'' < siminteris<br/>''ní·siṁder'' < nīs siminteris || '' as·tóċdar'' < astósāconter<br/>''ní·assaċdar'' < nīs ástosāconter || ''dor·ciḃder''<br/> ''ní·déirbder''
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| | 2PL || '' tússcair'' < tússasceris<br/>''ní·tússcar'' < nīs tússascer || ''siṁscir'' < simisceris<br/>''ní·siṁscer'' < nīs simisceris || '' as·tóċscar'' < astósācosceris<br/>''ní·assaċscar'' < nīs ástosācoscer || ''dor·ciḃscer''<br/> ''ní·déirbscer''
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| | 3PL || '' túsṫair'' < tússateris<br/>''ní·túsṫar'' < nīs tússater || ''siṁṫir'' < simiteris<br/>''ní·siṁṫer'' < nīs simiteris || '' as·tóċṫar'' < astósācoter<br/>''ní·assaċṫar'' < nīs ástosācoter || ''dor·ciḃṫer''<br/> ''ní·déirbṫer''
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| |}
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| ===Future===
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| ! Person !! ''túsain'' "pray, request"<br/>(non-prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''soṁain'' '"find"<br/>(non-prefixed, ablauting) !! ''as·tóċan'' "prove"<br/>(prefixed, non-ablauting) !! ''dor·coḃ'' "tolerate"<br/>(prefixed, ablauting)
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| | 1SG || '' túsṫain'' < tússatēnis <br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēn || ''sóitin'' < sontēnis <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīs sontēn || ''as·tóċtan'' <br/>''ní·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċtan''<br/> ''ní·derċtan''
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| | 2SG || '' túsṫair'' < tússatēris <br/>''ní·túsṫar'' < nīs tússatēr || ''sóitir'' < sontēris <br/> ''ní·sóiter'' < nīs sontēr || ''as·tóċtar'' <br/>''ní·assaċtar'' || ''dor·coċtar''<br/> ''ní·derċtar''
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| | 3SG.M || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmis <br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatēm || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmis <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīs somym || ''as·tóċt'' <br/>''ní·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ní·derċt''
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| | 3SG.F || '' túsṫaé'' < tússatēsis<br/>''ní·túsṫaé'' < nīs tússatēsi || ''sóité'' < sontēsis <br/> ''ní·sóité'' < nīs somysi || ''as·tóċtaé'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaé'' || ''dor·coċtaé''<br/> ''ní·derċtaé''
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| | 3SG.N || '' túsaiḋ'' < tússatēs<br/>''ní·túsaiḋ'' < nīs tússatē || ''sóit'' < sontēs <br/> ''ní·sóit'' < nīs sontē || '' as·tóċt'' <br/>''ní·assaċt'' || ''dor·coċt''<br/> ''ní·derċt''
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| | 1EX || '' túsṫaiṁ'' < tússatēmēs<br/>''túsṫaiṁ'' < nīs tússatēmē || ''sóitiṁ'' < sontēmēs <br/> ''ní·sóiteṁ'' < nīs sontēm || '' as·tóċtaiṁ'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaiṁ'' || ''dor·coċtaiṁ''<br/> ''ní·derċtaiṁ''
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| |-
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| | 1IN || '' túsṫait'' < tússatēntis<br/>''ní·túsṫat'' < nīs tússatēnt || ''sóitit'' < sontēntis <br/> ''ní·sóitet'' < nīs sontēnt || '' as·tóċtat'' <br/>''ní·assaċtat'' || ''dor·coċtat''<br/> ''ní·derċtat''
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| | 2PL || '' túsṫaisc'' < tússatēsces<br/>''ní·túsṫaisc'' < nīs tússatēsce || ''sóitisc'' < sontēsces <br/> ''ní·sóitisc'' < nīs sontēsce || '' as·tóċtaisc''<br/>''ní·assaċtaisc'' || ''dor·coċtaisc''<br/> ''ní·derċtaisc''
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| |-
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| | 3PL || '' túsṫaiḋ'' < tússatētis<br/>''ní·túsṫaḋ'' < nīs tússatēt || ''sóitiḋ'' < sontētis <br/> ''ní·sóiteḋ'' < nīs sontēt || '' as·tóċtaḋ'' <br/>''ní·assaċtaḋ'' || ''dor·coċtaḋ''<br/> ''ní·derċtaḋ''
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| |}
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| ===Present subjunctive===
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| ===Past subjunctive===
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| ===Imperative===
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| ===Verbal noun===
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| [[Category:Old Bhadhagha]][[Category:Clotricin]]
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| [[Category:Bhadhagha]]
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