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| [[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon|{{PAGENAME}}-English lexicon]]<br/>
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| [[{{PAGENAME}}/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch]]
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| {{Infobox language | | {{Infobox language |
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| |imagesize = | | |imagesize = |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] |
| |setting = Hussmauch
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| |name = {{PAGENAME}} | | |name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| |nativename = ''θensārimem'' | | |nativename = Anbir² snalltjeongen¹ |
| |pronunciation= /θensaːrimem/ | | |pronunciation= |
| |region = Talma | | |setting=[[Verse:Angai]] |
| |extinct = 220 v.T.
| | |region = |
| |familycolor=PfK
| | |fam1=Anbiric |
| |fam1= [[Proto-Quihum|Quihum]]
| | |familycolor=tsn |
| |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | |
| |fam3= Thensaric | |
| |iso3=qth | |
| |notice=IPA | | |notice=IPA |
| }} | | }} |
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the dominant modern Talmic language.
| | Anglo-Swedo-Icelando-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle |
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| ==Todo==
| | milveol1 'bear' |
| *"Talma" is from what language? Sounds Clofabic or Talmic
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| *''Stannyssōs''
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| *''ȝastranis'' = 'laugh'
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| *''gīθonis'' = 'fall'
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| *''insinis'' = 'settle'
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| *''s3ībinis'' = 'stretch'
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| *''ryncinis'' = 'turn'
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| *''svendonis? vendonis? aφo-endonis?'' = 'keep'
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| *''ēs-notinis'' = 'be quiet, lie dormant'
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| ==Background==
| | þik1 ’to exist; (with subject) to have’ |
| :''See also: [[Proto-Talmic]].''
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| ==Phonology==
| | Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere |
| ===Consonants===
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| {{PAGENAME}} used 18 consonants (only two more than [[Phormatolidin]]).
| | hjeonn1 'to bid/try', hjeoll2 'sea' |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="2" |
| | Am2 hjeonn1 snall1 Anbirjeong2 'I am tryign to speak Anbirese-ly' |
| ! |Labial
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| ! |Dental
| | Hjeondae iltaren 'Hyundai cars' |
| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Palatal
| | Andaegol |
| ! |Velar
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| ! |Radical
| | Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology? |
| ! |Glottal
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| | Mjeolbon 'Melbourne' |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
| | brjedjeong |
| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
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| | [ŋ]
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
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| | '''c''' /k/
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| | [ʡ]
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| |colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
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| | '''g''' /g/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''φ''' /φ/
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| | '''θ''' /θ/
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''ħ''' /ħ/
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| |rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''δ''' /ð/
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| | [z]
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| | '''ȝ''' /ʕ/
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''v''' /ʋ/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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| ;Notes
| | sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean |
| *Voiceless plosives /p t k/ are lightly aspirated in syllable onsets but are unaspirated after /s/. They're always unaspirated in certain areas.
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| *[ŋ] occurs as an allophone of /n/ before velars /k, g/.
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| */r/ is an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
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| */l/ is dental [l̪].
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| *[z] occurs as an allophone of /s/ in /sb, sd, sg/.
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| */ʕ/ is either a radical plosive [ʡ] or a radical approximant [ʕ]. The first realization is more common word-initially.
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| ===Vowels===
| | Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is |
| {{PAGENAME}} had a five-vowel system with a quantity distinction.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| | Final stops have a distinction between nasally released vs. unreleased (-mm -nn -nng vs. -p -t -k) |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''i''' /i/
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| | '''ī''' /iː/
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| | '''u''' /u/
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| | '''ū''' /uː/
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''e''' /ɛ/
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| | '''ē''' /eː/
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| | '''o''' /ɔ/
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| | '''ō''' /oː/
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''a''' /a/
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| | '''ā''' /aː/
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| |}
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| Diphthongs: '''ae ao ui oi'''
| | stje /ɕé/ 'money' |
| | skjö /skjœ̂/ 'rope' |
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| ===Stress===
| | 'll need some Swedish/English-y forms like e.g. tjeolla (my), tjeolls (3sg's), tjeollen (sg. construct), tjeollar (thy), tjeollths (3pl's) |
| Stress is word-initial, ignoring some unstressed prefixes such as pronominal object prefixes.
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| ===Phonotactics===
| | Maybe tjeolli or tjeollu for pl construct |
| ====Allowed clusters====
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| *R = resonant X = obstruent
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| *Clusters allowed word-initially are in '''bold'''.
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| =====Geminates=====
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| *''mm nn ll rr φφ tt cc ss θθ''
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| =====RR=====
| | Possessive suffixes should be easy to get, fortunately |
| *'''''mn mr''' nl nv lm ln lv rl rm rn rv '''vl vr'''''
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| =====RX=====
| | Though they might induce final changes like tjeoll becoming tjeol |
| *''mφ nt nθ ns nc nħ''
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| *''mb nd nδ ng nȝ''
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| *''lφ lb lt ld ls lc lg lȝ lħ''
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| *''rφ rb rt rd rs rθ rδ rc rg rȝ rħ''
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| =====XR=====
| | stjanng /ɕâk̚ŋ̊/ 'color', sjeong-stjangen /ɧʌ̂ŋɕáŋèn/ 'sky blue' |
| *'''''φn bn tn θn cn gn ȝn ħn'''''
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| *'''''sm sn sl sr sv'''''
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| *'''''φl bl tl dl cl gl ȝl ħl'''''
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| *'''''φr br tr dr θr δr cr gr ȝr ħr'''''
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| =====XX===== | | == Proto-Anbiric == |
| *'''''sφ st sc sȝ''' sb sd sg''
| | Have vowel length |
| *''cs ct ħs ħt''
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| =====XXR=====
| | -ŭs suffix (''-ur'' in [[Twetho]]; final fortition in Anbirese) |
| *'''''sφr str scl scr sȝl sȝr'''''
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| ===Phonological diachronics=== | | ==Phonology== |
| ====Consonant correspondences==== | | ===Initials=== |
| *''b'' < PQ ''pʼ, b'' | | Simple initials: |
| *''φ'' < PQ ''p'' | | *'''k g''' /k{{h}} k/ |
| *''t'' < PQ ''t, ƛ'' | | *'''tj/þj dj nj''' /tɕ{{h}} tɕ ɲ/ |
| *''d'' < PQ ''tʼ, d''
| | *'''t d þ n''' /t{{h}} t θ n/ |
| *''θ'' < PQ ''ł''
| | *'''p b f v m''' /p{{h}} p f v~w m/ |
| *''δ'' < PQ ''ƛʼ'' | | *'''s sj stj h''' /s ɧ ɕ h/ |
| *''s'' < PQ ''s, c, cʼ?'' | | *'''r l j''' /ɾ l j/ |
| *''c'' < PQ ''k, kʷ''
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| *''g'' < PQ ''kʼ, g''
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| *''ȝ'' < PQ ''q, qʷ, ɢ, ɢʷ''
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| *''ħ'' < PQ ''qʼ, qʷʼ''
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| *''h'' < PQ ''h''
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| *''m'' < PQ ''m, mʼ'' | |
| *''n'' < PQ ''n''
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| *''l'' < PQ ''l, λ''
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| *''r'' < PQ ''z, nʼ, lʼ, yʼ, cʼ''
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| *''v'' < PQ ''w, wʼ''
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| *''j'' < PQ ''y''
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| ====Cluster resolution====
| | [w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants. |
| *''tp, tb, tk, tg'' > ''rφ, rb, rc, rg''
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| ====Vowel reflexes====
| | /t d tʰ s n/ are dental(ized). |
| Usually:
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| *{{recon|''a''}} > ''o''
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| *{{recon|''ax̌, əx̌, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ā''
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| *{{recon|''aʔ, əx̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''ə''}} > ''e''
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| *{{recon|''i''}} > ''i''
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| *{{recon|''u''}} > ''u''
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| *{{recon|''ay''}} > ''ȳ''
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| *{{recon|''əy''}} > ''ae''
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| *{{recon|''uy''}} > ''ui''
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| *{{recon|''iy, iʔ, ix''}} > ''ī''
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| *{{recon|''aw''}} > ''ao''
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| *{{recon|''əw''}} > ''iō''
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| *{{recon|''iw''}} > ''iū''
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| *{{recon|''uʔ, ux, uw''}} > ''ū''
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| *{{recon|''Cx̌, Cx̌ʷ''}} > ''Ca''
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| *{{recon|''Cxʷ''}} > ''Co''
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| *{{recon|''Cx''}} > ''Cy''
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| *{{recon|''əʔ, əx, ix̌''}} > ''ē''
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| **or {{recon|''ix̌''}} > ''iā/ia/ea''?
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| *{{recon|''ux̌, x̌u''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''axʷ, ax̌ʷ''}} > ''ao''
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| *{{recon|''ix̌ʷ''}} > ''iō''
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| *{{recon|''ux̌ʷ''}} > ''ō''
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| *{{recon|''iyx̌, iyx̌ʷ''}} > ''iā''
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| *{{recon|''əyx̌, əyx̌ʷ''}} > ''eā''
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| *{{recon|''iy(ə)x''}} > ''iē''
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| ==Orthography==
| | Initial clusters: '''(s)kj gj (s)pj bj fj (s)mj rj (s)lj snj hj (s)kr gr kl gl kn hn hnj hl hlj hr hrj fr fl br bl (s)tr dr krj grj klj glj frj flj brj blj (s)trj drj knj''' |
| Alphabetical order: '''R D I A Ħ Φ M L G C H B S V O J Ȝ Δ Y T N Θ E U'''
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| ==Morphology== | | ===Nuclei=== |
| :''Main article: [[Thensarian/Morphology]]''
| | Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''ni ti thi ki di gi'' are read as ''nji tji thji kji dji gji''. |
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| ==Syntax== | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| Like many of its descendants, Thensarian is almost completely head-initial (except for compounds).
| | |- |
| ===Constituent order=== | | ! rowspan="2" | |
| ===Noun phrase=== | | ! colspan="2" |Front |
| ===Verb phrase===
| | ! rowspan="2" |Central |
| ===Sentence phrase=== | | ! rowspan="2" |Back |
| ===Dependent clauses===
| | |- |
| | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> |
| | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> |
| | |- |
| | ! style="" |Close |
| | | '''i''' /i/ |
| | | '''u''' /ü/ |
| | | '''eu''' [ɨ] |
| | | '''o''' /o~u/ |
| | |- |
| | ! style="" |Mid |
| | | '''ae, e''' /e̞/ |
| | | '''ö''' /ø~œ/ |
| | | '''eo''' [ə] |
| | | '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/ |
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| | ! style="" |Open |
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| | | '''a''' /ɐ/ |
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| | |} |
| | === Finals === |
| | '''p d k s l r m n ng mm nn nng ll rr þ''' /p(unreleased) ð{{lowered}} k(unreleased) s l r m n ŋ pm(voiceless) tn(voiceless) kŋ(voiceless) ɬ r(voiceless) θ/ + some Germanicy clusters like -nd, -ld, -llt, ... |
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| [[Category:Talmic languages]]
| | === Tone === |
| [[Category:Tricin]]
| | Like Swedish, Anbirese has two tones/pitch accents. In monosyllables, tone 2 is realized as glottalization; in polysyllabic words, the two tones are realized as Swedish tones 1 and 2. |